A TREE-BREEDING PROGRAM FOR CANADA

Wax tree has been cultivated to get lacquer, a valuable source of material that is necessary for many industries and handicrafts. Evaluating not only phenotype but also genotype is essential in order to increase the efficiency of new breeding program. In this study, the genetic relationship at the molecular level of 90 wax trees collected in three regions, i.e., Tam Nong, Thanh Son (Phu Tho) and Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang), was analyzed by SSR and ScoT markers. The results revealed a significant diversity among the individuals, with similarity coefficient from 0.41 to 0.98. The sample group collected in Chiem Hoa was significantly different from that in Tam Nong. Most of samples which had a high level of genetic similarity, from 0.95 to 0.98, were pairs of samples at the same geographical origin. The high similarity degree of these samples is likely due to the practice of selecting seeds from high-yield wax tree to be kept for seeds. These results provide the necessary information for new wax tree breeding program.

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Using Norway spruce clones in Swedish forestry: Swedish forest conditions, tree breeding program and experiences with clones in field trials

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1080/02827581.2018.1562566 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (5) ◽

pp. 342-351 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ola Rosvall

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Field Trials ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Forest Conditions

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333 Evaluation of New Elms from China for Stress Tolerance

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.500d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 500D-500

Author(s):

A.M. Shirazi ◽

G.H. Ware

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Dutch Elm Disease ◽

Leaf Beetles ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

And Performance

The high resistance of Chinese elms to Dutch elm disease and elm leaf beetles makes them excellent trees for the urban landscape. There are many new Chinese elms being developed through the tree breeding program at The Morton Arboretum. Many new elms are already on the market or will be available soon from nurseries. There is little known about the stress tolerance, e.g., cold, heat, drought, etc., of new elms from China. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the midwinter cold hardiness of new Chinese elms and 2) to determine the leaf heat tolerance and stem cold hardiness of new elms from the nursery. The stem cold hardiness of nine new elms from China was evaluated in Feb. 1998 and 1999 from the elm breeding program at The Morton Arboretum by using an artificial freezing test. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were killed) of the most to least hardy genuses for Feb. 1998 were Ulmus macrocarpa (> -36 °C), U. wilsoniana # 673 (-34 °C), U. parvifolia R-89-120 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 669 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 997 (-33.8 °C), U. szechuanica (-30 °C), U. gaussenii R-94-85D (-30.7 °C), U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla R-9422SD (-27.7 °C), and U. castaneifolia #R-9411-11-SD (-25.9 °C). Four new elms from Schmidt Nursery, Boring, Ore., were also evaluated for leaf heat tolerance in August and cold hardiness in Dec. 1998 and Feb. 1999. The LT50 of cold hardiness of stem tissues of cultivars in December were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (-23.5 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (-26.5 °C), U. Accolade™ (-33.5 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (-31 °C). The LT50 of the most to least heat-tolerant cultivars were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (53.8 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (52.1 °C), U. Accolade™ (50.8 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (50.6 °C). Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak, and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

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Distribution of starch, lipid and nuclei in xylem and phloem of Tectona grandis Linn.

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Azharul Islam ◽

Shahanara Begum

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Phloem Parenchyma ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Teak Tree ◽

Xylem Tissue ◽

Staining Methods ◽

Cell Death Pattern

Context: Reserve materials among different plant tissues vary species to species. The distribution pattern of such materials and cell death pattern in Tectona grandis Linn. are still obscure. Objectives: To study the localization of starch, lipid and nuclei in the phloem, cambium and xylem tissue of T. grandis. Materials and Methods: Blocks containing phloem, cambium and outermost xylem of the stem of 12 years old teak tree collected. Different staining methods used to visualize starch, lipid and nuclei within different cells under light microscope. Results: Starch in parenchyma cells is more abundant in outer xylem than phloem and cambium. Lipids droplets are uniformly distributed in outermost xylem. Phloem parenchyma content few mass of lipids but, limited in cambium. There are many dead cells visualized in both phloem and xylem with characteristic patterns. The results clarify the levels of starch, lipid in tissue of T. grandis and showed distinguished variation among the cell contents. Conclusion: The physiology of plant cells related to transport of nutrients and cell death also illustrated in the report. This would be helpful for further study to improve quality wood through tree breeding program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 J. bio-sci. 19: 29-35, 2011

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Inheritance of basic density and microfibril angle and their variations among full-sib families and their parental clones in Picea glehnii

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2014-0052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 69 (5) ◽

pp. 581-586 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Tanabe ◽

Akira Tamura ◽

Futoshi Ishiguri ◽

Yuya Takashima ◽

Kazuya Iizuka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microfibril Angle ◽

Basic Density ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Picea Glehnii ◽

Mean Values ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Plantation Species ◽

Sib Families

Abstract Picea glehnii is one of the most important plantation species in Hokkaido, Japan. Basic density (BD) and microfibril angle (MFA) of the S2 layer in latewood tracheid in 16 full-sib families and their six parental clones planted in Hokkaido were examined to clarify among-family and clonal variations of wood properties and their inheritance from parents to offspring. Mean values of BD and MFA in full-sib families and parental clones were 0.36 and 0.35 g cm-3 and 16.1° and 10.7°, respectively. Estimated repeatabilities of BD and MFA in juvenile wood (jW) were higher than those in mature wood. In addition, larger genetic coefficient of variation was detected for jW, indicating that improvement of jW properties is important to Hokkaido’s tree breeding program. Parent-offspring correlation coefficients were positive and significant in all properties. These results suggest that the influence of parental clones on wood properties is inheritable to offspring. Moreover, there were no significant differences between reciprocal crosses of wood properties, suggesting that plus-tree clones with good wood properties can be used as either female or male parents for producing offspring. There is a possibility of improving wood properties in P. glehnii by crossing clones with desirable properties.

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Balanced forest tree improvement can be enhanced by selecting among many parents but maintaining balance among grandparents

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x08-114 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 38 (11) ◽

pp. 2797-2803 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dag Lindgren ◽

Darius Danusevičius ◽

Ola Rosvall

Keyword(s):

Genetic Gain ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Population ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Selection Strategy ◽

Family Selection ◽

Parent Selection ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Balanced Tree

A model for a balanced tree breeding program that considers genetic gain and cost was used to assess the benefits of increasing the breeding population to allow for a component of among-parent selection while maintaining an equal contribution among grandparents, rather than relaying on within-family selection with an equal parental representation. The scenario used in this study had characteristics similar to those of the phenotypic selection strategy for Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) in Sweden. The results showed that investments in a greater number of parents and families to allow for among-parent selection resulted in a markedly higher genetic gain. The among-parent selection component increased the genetic gain by as much as 70% in a scenario with a high budget and no family creation costs and by as much as 20% in a scenario with a low budget and high family creation costs.

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Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Selection of Superior Genotypes in a 12-Year-Old Clonal Norway Spruce Field Trial after Phenotypic Assessment Using a UAV

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11090992 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 992

Author(s):

Mateusz Liziniewicz ◽

Liviu Theodor Ene ◽

Johan Malm ◽

Jens Lindberg ◽

Andreas Helmersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Field Trial ◽

Measurement Techniques ◽

Tree Height ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Average Height ◽

Individual Tree ◽

Breeding Populations ◽

Additive Regression

Height is a key trait in the indices applied when selecting genotypes for use in both tree breeding populations and production populations in seed orchards. Thus, measurement of tree height is an important activity in the Swedish Norway spruce breeding program. However, traditional measurement techniques are time-consuming, expensive, and often involve work in bad weather, so automatization of the data acquisition would be beneficial. Possibilities for such automatization have been opened by advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. Therefore, to test its applicability in breeding programs, images acquired by a consumer-level UAV (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0) system were used to predict the height and breast height diameter of Norway spruce trees in a 12-year-old genetic field trial established with 2.0 × 2.0 m initial spacing. The tree heights were also measured in the field using an ultrasonic system. Three additive regression models with different numbers of predictor variables were used to estimate heights of individual trees. On stand level, the average height estimate derived from UAV data was 2% higher than the field-measured average. The estimation of family means was very accurate, but the genotype-level accuracy, which is crucial for selection in the Norway spruce breeding program, was not high enough. There was just ca. 60% matching of genotypes in groups selected using actual and estimated heights. In addition, heritability values calculated from the predicted values were underestimated and overestimated for height and diameter, respectively, with deviations from measurement-based estimates ranging between −19% and +12%. However, the use of more sophisticated UAV and camera equipment could significantly improve the results and enable automatic individual tree detection.

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Sifat Fisika dan Mekanika Kayu Jati Unggul "Mega" dan Kayu Jati Konvensional yang di Tanam di Hutan Pendidikan, Wanagama, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.16510 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

Fanny Hidayati ◽

Isti Tamira Fajrin ◽

Muhammad Rosyid Ridho ◽

Widyanto Dwi Nugroho ◽

Sri Nugroho Marsoem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Characteristics ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Growth Characteristics ◽

Wood Industry ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Teak Wood ◽

Plantation Company ◽

Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

Kebutuhan kayu jati semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan taraf hidup masyarakat. Di lain pihak, jati merupakan salah satu jenis dengan rotasi umur yang panjang. Selain itu, ketersediaan kayu jati dari Perum Perhutani belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan kayu jati untuk industri. Oleh sebab itu, berbagai upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah ini. Salah satunya adalah dengan kegiatan pemuliaan pohon, dimana dalam kegiatan ini dihasilkan bibit unggul dengan sifat pertumbuhan superior. Akan tetapi, informasi mengenai sifat-sifat kayunya masih sangat terbatas, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai sifat-sifat kayu terutama sifat fisika (kadar air, berat jenis, dan penyusutan) dan mekanika (kekuatan lengkung statis dan kekuatan tekan) serta variasi aksial kayu jati unggul tersebut pada umur yang masih muda yakni 11 tahun yang ditanam di Hutan Pendidikan Wanagama, Gunungkidul Yogyakarta dan dibandingkan dengan jati konvensional umur 14 tahun yang ditanam di lokasi yang sama. Sebagai hasilnya, sifat fisika kayu tidak berbeda nyata antara kayu jati unggul dan kayu jati konvensional, kecuali kadar air segar. Untuk sifat mekanika kayu, kekuatan lengkung statis (MOR dan MOE) serta kekuatan tekan sejajar serat berbeda nyata antara kayu jati unggul dan jati konvensional, sedangkan untuk kekuatan tekan sejajar serat tidak berbeda nyata.Kata kunci: jati unggul, jati konvensional, sifat fisika, sifat mekanika, umur muda AbstractDemand of teak wood increases every year along the increase of human population and prosperity. On the other hand, teak is one of the long rotation tree species. Furthermore, the avaibility of teak from the Perum Perhutani as the biggest teak plantation company is not enough to fulfill the demand of teak wood from wood industry. Therefore, many efforts have been conducted to solve this problem, such as by tree breeding program. In Indonesia, this program only focused in the growth characteristics. However, information of wood properties of superior teak is still limited in Indonesia. Therefore, the aim of this research was to clarify the physical and mechanical characteristics of superior teak wood (11-year-old) and compared with the conventional teak (14-year-old) planted in Wanagama Forest, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta and its longitudinal variation. As the results, physical properties were not significantly different between superior teak and conventional teak, except for green moisture content. Bending strength (MOR dan MOE) and compression strength parallel to grain were significantly different between superior and conventional teak. In addition, compressive strength perpendicular to grain was not significantly different between superior and conventional teak.

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Divergence and genetic variability among superior rubber tree genotypes

Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-204x2010000200007 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 163-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lígia Regina Lima Gouvêa ◽

Alisson Fernando Chiorato ◽

Paulo de Souza Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Multivariate Analyses ◽

Rubber Tree ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Canonical Variables ◽

Estimated Parameters ◽

Coefficients Of Variation ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Variation Index ◽

Univariate Analyses

The objective of this work was to estimate the genetic variability and divergence among 22 superior rubber tree (Hevea sp.) genotypes of the IAC 400 series. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using eight quantitative traits (descriptors), including yield. In the univariate analyses, the estimated parameters were: genetic and environmental variances; genetic and environmental coefficients of variation; and the variation index. The Mahalanobis generalized distance, the Tocher agglomerative method and canonical variables were used for the multivariate analyses. In the univariate analyses, variability was verified among the genotypes for all the variables evaluated. The Tocher method grouped the genotypes into 11 clusters of dissimilarity. The first four canonical variables explained 87.93% of the cumulative variation. The highest genetic variability was found in rubber yield-related traits, which contributed the most to the genetic divergence. The most divergent pairs of genotypes are suggested for crossbreeding. The genotypes evaluated are suitable for breeding and may be used to continue the IAC rubber tree breeding program.

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