Using Norway spruce clones in Swedish forestry: Swedish forest conditions, tree breeding program and experiences with clones in field trials

Height is a key trait in the indices applied when selecting genotypes for use in both tree breeding populations and production populations in seed orchards. Thus, measurement of tree height is an important activity in the Swedish Norway spruce breeding program. However, traditional measurement techniques are time-consuming, expensive, and often involve work in bad weather, so automatization of the data acquisition would be beneficial. Possibilities for such automatization have been opened by advances in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology. Therefore, to test its applicability in breeding programs, images acquired by a consumer-level UAV (DJI Phantom 4 Pro V2.0) system were used to predict the height and breast height diameter of Norway spruce trees in a 12-year-old genetic field trial established with 2.0 × 2.0 m initial spacing. The tree heights were also measured in the field using an ultrasonic system. Three additive regression models with different numbers of predictor variables were used to estimate heights of individual trees. On stand level, the average height estimate derived from UAV data was 2% higher than the field-measured average. The estimation of family means was very accurate, but the genotype-level accuracy, which is crucial for selection in the Norway spruce breeding program, was not high enough. There was just ca. 60% matching of genotypes in groups selected using actual and estimated heights. In addition, heritability values calculated from the predicted values were underestimated and overestimated for height and diameter, respectively, with deviations from measurement-based estimates ranging between −19% and +12%. However, the use of more sophisticated UAV and camera equipment could significantly improve the results and enable automatic individual tree detection.

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Study on the genetic diversity of wax trees (Rhus succedanea L.) in Northern mountainous region of Vietnam by SSR and SCoT markers

Vietnam Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.15625/1811-4989/15286 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 471-480

Author(s):

Nguyen Hong Chien ◽

Nguyen Thi Kim Linh ◽

Trin Thi Kim My ◽

Nguyen Xuan Truong ◽

Nguyen Van Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Similarity ◽

Geographical Origin ◽

Molecular Level ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Similarity Coefficient ◽

Breeding Program ◽

High Yield ◽

High Similarity ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

High Level

Wax tree has been cultivated to get lacquer, a valuable source of material that is necessary for many industries and handicrafts. Evaluating not only phenotype but also genotype is essential in order to increase the efficiency of new breeding program. In this study, the genetic relationship at the molecular level of 90 wax trees collected in three regions, i.e., Tam Nong, Thanh Son (Phu Tho) and Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang), was analyzed by SSR and ScoT markers. The results revealed a significant diversity among the individuals, with similarity coefficient from 0.41 to 0.98. The sample group collected in Chiem Hoa was significantly different from that in Tam Nong. Most of samples which had a high level of genetic similarity, from 0.95 to 0.98, were pairs of samples at the same geographical origin. The high similarity degree of these samples is likely due to the practice of selecting seeds from high-yield wax tree to be kept for seeds. These results provide the necessary information for new wax tree breeding program.

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A TREE-BREEDING PROGRAM FOR CANADA

The Forestry Chronicle ◽

10.5558/tfc27164-2 ◽

1951 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

I. C. M. Place

Keyword(s):

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Tree Breeding Program

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333 Evaluation of New Elms from China for Stress Tolerance

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.34.3.500d ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 500D-500

Author(s):

A.M. Shirazi ◽

G.H. Ware

Keyword(s):

Stress Tolerance ◽

Heat Tolerance ◽

Cold Hardiness ◽

Urban Landscape ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Dutch Elm Disease ◽

Leaf Beetles ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

And Performance

The high resistance of Chinese elms to Dutch elm disease and elm leaf beetles makes them excellent trees for the urban landscape. There are many new Chinese elms being developed through the tree breeding program at The Morton Arboretum. Many new elms are already on the market or will be available soon from nurseries. There is little known about the stress tolerance, e.g., cold, heat, drought, etc., of new elms from China. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the midwinter cold hardiness of new Chinese elms and 2) to determine the leaf heat tolerance and stem cold hardiness of new elms from the nursery. The stem cold hardiness of nine new elms from China was evaluated in Feb. 1998 and 1999 from the elm breeding program at The Morton Arboretum by using an artificial freezing test. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were killed) of the most to least hardy genuses for Feb. 1998 were Ulmus macrocarpa (> -36 °C), U. wilsoniana # 673 (-34 °C), U. parvifolia R-89-120 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 669 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 997 (-33.8 °C), U. szechuanica (-30 °C), U. gaussenii R-94-85D (-30.7 °C), U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla R-9422SD (-27.7 °C), and U. castaneifolia #R-9411-11-SD (-25.9 °C). Four new elms from Schmidt Nursery, Boring, Ore., were also evaluated for leaf heat tolerance in August and cold hardiness in Dec. 1998 and Feb. 1999. The LT50 of cold hardiness of stem tissues of cultivars in December were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (-23.5 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (-26.5 °C), U. Accolade™ (-33.5 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (-31 °C). The LT50 of the most to least heat-tolerant cultivars were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (53.8 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (52.1 °C), U. Accolade™ (50.8 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (50.6 °C). Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak, and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

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Field performance and early test results of offspring from two Norway spruce seed orchards containing clones transferred to warmer climates

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-253 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Tore Skrøppa ◽

Ketil Kohmann ◽

Øystein Johnsen ◽

Arne Steffenrem ◽

Øyvind M. Edvardsen

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Field Performance ◽

Seed Orchard ◽

Field Trials ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Test Results ◽

Seed Orchards ◽

Low Altitude ◽

Natural Stands ◽

Seed Crops

We present results from early tests and field trials of offspring from two Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) seed orchards containing clones that have been transferred from high altitudes to sea level and from northern to southern latitudes. Seedlings from seeds produced in the low-altitude seed orchard developed frost hardiness later at the end of the growth season, flushed later in field trials, and grew taller than seedlings from seeds produced in natural stands. They had the lowest mortality rate and the lowest frequency of injuries in the field trials. Similar results were observed in seedlings from seeds produced in the southern seed orchard. We found no adverse effects of the changed growth rhythm. Seedlings from two seed crops in the southern orchard, produced in years with a warm and a cold summer, had different annual growth rhythms. The results are explained mainly by the effects of the climatic conditions during the reproductive phase. Seed crops from different years in the same seed orchard may produce seedlings that perform as if they were from different provenances. It is argued that the effects of the climatic conditions during seed production must contribute to the variation among provenances of Norway spruce.

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Distribution of starch, lipid and nuclei in xylem and phloem of Tectona grandis Linn.

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Md Azharul Islam ◽

Shahanara Begum

Keyword(s):

Cell Death ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Phloem Parenchyma ◽

Tree Breeding Program ◽

Teak Tree ◽

Xylem Tissue ◽

Staining Methods ◽

Cell Death Pattern

Context: Reserve materials among different plant tissues vary species to species. The distribution pattern of such materials and cell death pattern in Tectona grandis Linn. are still obscure. Objectives: To study the localization of starch, lipid and nuclei in the phloem, cambium and xylem tissue of T. grandis. Materials and Methods: Blocks containing phloem, cambium and outermost xylem of the stem of 12 years old teak tree collected. Different staining methods used to visualize starch, lipid and nuclei within different cells under light microscope. Results: Starch in parenchyma cells is more abundant in outer xylem than phloem and cambium. Lipids droplets are uniformly distributed in outermost xylem. Phloem parenchyma content few mass of lipids but, limited in cambium. There are many dead cells visualized in both phloem and xylem with characteristic patterns. The results clarify the levels of starch, lipid in tissue of T. grandis and showed distinguished variation among the cell contents. Conclusion: The physiology of plant cells related to transport of nutrients and cell death also illustrated in the report. This would be helpful for further study to improve quality wood through tree breeding program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 J. bio-sci. 19: 29-35, 2011

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Production impacts of forest tree breeding on an example of Norway spruce

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/34/2010-jfs ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 348-352

Author(s):

J. Kobliha ◽

M. Slávik ◽

V. Hynek ◽

J. Klápště ◽

J. Stejskal

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Economic Efficiency ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Forest Tree Breeding ◽

The Mean

The present paper evaluates the height, diameter and stem volume of parental tree progenies. These Norway spruce progenies are compared with the control estimated from tables. The control was overperformed in all measured growth parameters. Heights of selected spruce progenies at the age of 26 years ranged from 9.2 m (K10) to 10.7 m (K2). The control height was 6.4 m. In the evaluation of diameters, progeny K4 showed the best mean dbh (13.7 cm) while the progeny K17 was rated as the thinnest (10.5 cm). We compared these data with the control diameter of 6.5 cm. The mean volumes of selected material varied from 0.097 m3 (K9) to 0.047 m3 (K17) while the kontrol presented 0.0172 m3. Keywords: economic efficiency; forest tree breeding; growth; Norway spruce; production

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Effect of number of annual rings and tree ages on genomic predictive ability for solid wood properties of Norway spruce

10.21203/rs.2.22694/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Linghua Zhou(Former Corresponding Author) ◽

Zhiqiang Chen ◽

Lars Olsson ◽

Thomas Grahn ◽

Bo Karlsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Microfibril Angle ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Tree Breeding ◽

Wood Properties ◽

Tree Age ◽

Breeding Cycle ◽

Standing Tree ◽

Increment Core ◽

The Impact

Abstract BACKGROUND: Genomic selection (GS) or genomic prediction is considered as a promising approach to accelerate tree breeding and increase genetic gain by shortening breeding cycle, but the efforts to develop routines for operational breeding are so far limited. We investigated the predictive ability (PA) of GS based on 484 progeny trees from 62 half-sib families in Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) for wood density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and microfibril angle (MFA) measured with SilviScan, as well as for measurements on standing trees by Pilodyn and Hitman instruments. RESULTS: GS predictive abilities were comparable with those based on pedigree-based prediction. Marker-based PAs were generally 25-30% higher for traits density, MFA and MOE measured with SilviScan than for their respective standing tree-based method which measured with Pilodyn and Hitman. Prediction accuracy (PC) of the standing tree-based methods were similar or even higher than increment core-based method. 78-95% of the maximal PAs of density, MFA and MOE obtained from coring to the pith at high age were reached by using data possible to obtain by drilling 3-5 rings towards the pith at tree age 10-12. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates standing tree-based measurements is a cost-effective alternative method for GS. PA of GS methods were comparable with those pedigree-based prediction. The highest PAs were reached with at least 80-90% of the dataset used as training set. Density could be conducted at an earlier age than for MFA and MOE. Operational breeding can also be optimized by training the model at an earlier age or using 3 to 5 outermost rings at tree age 10 to 12 years, thereby shortening the cycle and reducing the impact on the tree.

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Olive Cultivars in Spain

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech.10.1.107 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 107-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Diego Barranco ◽

Luis Rallo

Keyword(s):

Olea Europaea ◽

Plant Material ◽

Field Trials ◽

Breeding Program ◽

Germplasm Bank ◽

Restricted Distribution ◽

Olive Cultivars ◽

Olea Europaéa

The diversity and antiquity of the cultivars, their restricted distribution and the limited use of rootstocks characterize cultivated olive (Olea europaea L.) plant material in Spain. An exploration survey identified 262 different cultivars, which have been introduced in the Olive Germplasm Bank in Córdoba, Spain. Evaluation of this germplasm, field trials and a breeding program are in progress.

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