scholarly journals 333 Evaluation of New Elms from China for Stress Tolerance

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 500D-500
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi ◽  
G.H. Ware
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Leaf Beetles ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
And Performance

The high resistance of Chinese elms to Dutch elm disease and elm leaf beetles makes them excellent trees for the urban landscape. There are many new Chinese elms being developed through the tree breeding program at The Morton Arboretum. Many new elms are already on the market or will be available soon from nurseries. There is little known about the stress tolerance, e.g., cold, heat, drought, etc., of new elms from China. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine the midwinter cold hardiness of new Chinese elms and 2) to determine the leaf heat tolerance and stem cold hardiness of new elms from the nursery. The stem cold hardiness of nine new elms from China was evaluated in Feb. 1998 and 1999 from the elm breeding program at The Morton Arboretum by using an artificial freezing test. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were killed) of the most to least hardy genuses for Feb. 1998 were Ulmus macrocarpa (> -36 °C), U. wilsoniana # 673 (-34 °C), U. parvifolia R-89-120 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 669 (-34 °C), U. wilsoniana # 997 (-33.8 °C), U. szechuanica (-30 °C), U. gaussenii R-94-85D (-30.7 °C), U. bergmanniana var. lasiophylla R-9422SD (-27.7 °C), and U. castaneifolia #R-9411-11-SD (-25.9 °C). Four new elms from Schmidt Nursery, Boring, Ore., were also evaluated for leaf heat tolerance in August and cold hardiness in Dec. 1998 and Feb. 1999. The LT50 of cold hardiness of stem tissues of cultivars in December were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (-23.5 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (-26.5 °C), U. Accolade™ (-33.5 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (-31 °C). The LT50 of the most to least heat-tolerant cultivars were U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7551, Athena® elm (53.8 °C), U. parvifolia `Emer 1' P.P. 7552 Allee® (52.1 °C), U. Accolade™ (50.8 °C), and U. Danada Charm™ elm (50.6 °C). Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak, and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

Stem Cold Hardiness, Leaf Heat Tolerance, Growth, and Performance of Six Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) in Northern Illinois

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 512e-512
Author(s):  
A.M. Shirazi
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Ion Leakage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
And Performance

Six different Japanese Maples (Acer palmatum) cultivars `Water Fall', `Burgundy Lace', `Crimson Queen', `Oshio-Beni', `SangoKaKu', and `Bloodgood' from Monrovia Nursery were planted in a randomized block design on 4 June 1997 at the The Morton Arboretum. Leaf heat tolerance was evaluated by measuring ion leakage of the leaf tissue at 25–60 °C in July, Aug., and Sept. 1997. The LT50 (the temperature at which 50% of the tissues were injured) of all the cultivars were higher in July (≈53 °C) and were lower in September (≈47 °C). Water content of the leaf tissues were higher in July compare to August and September and were not related to heat tolerance of most cultivars. Stem cold hardiness was performed by artificial freezing tests in Oct., Dec., and Feb. 1997/98. The Lowest Survival Temperature (LST) for the most hardy to least hardy cultivars in October and December were: `Burgundy Lace' (–15, –27 °C), `Bloodgood' (–18, –24 °C), `Oshio-Beni' (–15, –24 °C), `Crimson Queen' (–15, –18 °C), `Water Fall' (–9, –18 °C) and `SangoKaKu' (–9, –12 °C), respectively. Growth, dormancy development, spring budbreak and performance of these cultivars will be compared.

Trade-offs between growth and cold and drought hardiness in submaritime Douglas-fir

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1530-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Darychuk ◽  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
M. Stoehr
Keyword(s):  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Trade Offs

Trade-offs between growth and stress tolerance in plants may limit the possible phenotypes that can evolve or be selected. Such limits would have important implications for tree breeding. We examined evidence for trade-offs between growth and stress tolerance, particularly cold and drought tolerance, in 56 families of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) from wild stand and seed orchard seed with a range of predicted growth rates. Families were assessed in field and controlled-environment experiments for growth and key physiological traits related to abiotic stress response. In the field, family growth was negatively correlated with fall and spring cold hardiness, indicating a trade-off between growth and cold hardiness. Combined results from field and controlled-environment experiments showed lower stomatal conductance and higher water potential in fast-growing families, indicating greater water conservation; thus no evidence existed for a growth – drought hardiness trade-off. Multivariate regression trees of normalized family means of growth and physiological parameters in the field split the families primarily by an index of continentality. Continental families had greater growth, survival, and fall hardiness than coastal families. We conclude that selection pressures in Douglas-fir have resulted in a trade-off between cold hardiness and high vigour, but little evidence exists for a trade-off between growth and drought hardiness.

scholarly journals Study on the genetic diversity of wax trees (Rhus succedanea L.) in Northern mountainous region of Vietnam by SSR and SCoT markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hong Chien ◽  
Nguyen Thi Kim Linh ◽  
Trin Thi Kim My ◽  
Nguyen Xuan Truong ◽  
Nguyen Van Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
High Level

Wax tree has been cultivated to get lacquer, a valuable source of material that is necessary for many industries and handicrafts. Evaluating not only phenotype but also genotype is essential in order to increase the efficiency of new breeding program. In this study, the genetic relationship at the molecular level of 90 wax trees collected in three regions, i.e., Tam Nong, Thanh Son (Phu Tho) and Chiem Hoa (Tuyen Quang), was analyzed by SSR and ScoT markers. The results revealed a significant diversity among the individuals, with similarity coefficient from 0.41 to 0.98. The sample group collected in Chiem Hoa was significantly different from that in Tam Nong. Most of samples which had a high level of genetic similarity, from 0.95 to 0.98, were pairs of samples at the same geographical origin. The high similarity degree of these samples is likely due to the practice of selecting seeds from high-yield wax tree to be kept for seeds. These results provide the necessary information for new wax tree breeding program.

scholarly journals A TREE-BREEDING PROGRAM FOR CANADA

1951 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. M. Place
Keyword(s):  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Tree Breeding Program

Reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Nziku ◽  
G. C. Kifaro ◽  
L. O. Eik ◽  
T. Steine ◽  
T. Ådnøy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Animal Identification ◽  
Breeding Goals ◽  
And Performance

This research aimed at describing reasons for keeping dairy goats in Tanzania, and possible goals for a sustainable breeding program. Three districts, each representing a unique dairy goat breed population, were selected for the study. The Saanen, Toggenburg and Norwegian were the main dairy goat breeds in Arumeru, Babati, and Mvomero districts, respectively. A total of 125 dairy goat farmers were interviewed. A holistic approach of both quantitative and qualitative research methods was used to study the perceptions of farmers. More milk yield, sale of breeding stock and manure were the highest ranked reasons for keeping dairy goats. The reasons were coherent to the production systems. The three most preferred traits for improvement were milk yield, adaptability and twinning ability. These preferences were absolutely important in the context of the referred production system. Selection of replacement stock, animal identification and performance recording were the main challenges emphasised by farmers. The present study views these challenges as a result of knowledge gaps in animal breeding that require solutions. Based on result findings it is suggested that the milk yield and survival traits should be the primary dairy goat breeding goals. Generally, there are possibilities for developing sustainable dairy goat breeding programs in the surveyed areas given relevant breeding goals are incorporated. The design of simple and manageable dairy goat breeding schemes is necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on Physiological and Recovery Growth Status of Two Tomato Cultivars With Different Heat Susceptibility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherzod Nigmatullayevich Rajametov ◽  
Eun Young Yang ◽  
Hyo Bong Jeong ◽  
Myeong Cheoul Cho ◽  
Soo-Young Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Tomato Cultivars ◽  
Heat Tolerant

High temperature seriously effects on plant vegetative and reproductive development and reduces productivity of plants, while to increase crop yield is the main target in most crop heat stress tolerance improvement breeding programs, not just survival, under high temperature. Our aim was to compare temperature stress tolerance in two commercial tomato cultivars “Dafnis” (big fruit size) and “Minichal” (cherry fruit size) to develop early screening methods and find out survival rate and physiological responses of tomato cultivars on high temperature (40°C and within 70% RH, day/night) in 4-5 true leaf seedling stage- (4LS) and identifies the linkage of heat tolerance with fruit set and leaf heat damage rates (LHD) in seedling stage with subsequent vegetative traits at recovery. Results showed that heat stress significantly affected on physiological-chemical and vegetative parameters of seedlings regardless of tomato cultivars. Survival and the threshold level of high temperature tolerance in the seedlings of cv. “Dafnis” and “Minichal” were identified on days 7 and 9, respectively. Our findings revealed that photosynthesis (PN, Gs, Ci, Tr) parameters were increased and CHL content persisted steady value in cv. “Minichal” during heat stress period, however EC and RPL rates were lower than cv. “Dafnis”. Heat stress reduced the SFW in both cultivars in seedling stage, but PH and RFW were significantly decreased in the heat tolerant cv. “Minichal”, whereas this parameters were not significantly ranged in the heat susceptible cv. “Dafnis”. Additionally, there no found linkage between vegetative parameters with decreasing of PN and CHL rates during HT of seedlings. In plants of cv. “Minichal” with LHD-25, 50 and 75% were no found significant differences in PH, whereas in cv. “Dafnis” significant differences were determined in plants with LHD-75%, and the significant differences in rates of SFW and RFW were observed in plants of cv. “Dafnis” having LHD-75% for 28 days of recovery at NT condition. Taken together, we concluded that heat stress affected on physiological parameters regardless of tolerance level, and to identify heat tolerant genotype in tomato breeding program, screening and selection genotypes have to be evaluated at the vegetative and reproductive stages with consideration fruit size types. Since we could not find linkage between heat tolerances in seedling stage with fruit set at the reproductive stage and fruit set cannot be used as a general predictor of heat tolerance.

Genetic variation of rectal temperature and its relationship to milk production in Holstein dairy cows

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 63-63
Author(s):  
S Khalajzade ◽  
N Emam Jomeh ◽  
A Salehi ◽  
A Moghimi Esfandabadi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Very High ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

Milk production is significantly decreased by thermal stress. The survival and performance of an animal during heat stress periods depend on several weather factors, especially temperature and humidity. Researchers reported dramatic decreases in milk production as temperature rose above 30 degree of centigrade. Very high environmental temperature is common during the summer months in Iran. Rectal temperature is as indicator of heat tolerance and has been the most frequently used physiological variable for estimating heat tolerance in cattle. Some dairy cows are more heat tolerant and productive when subjected to heat stress. Identification and selection of heat stress resistant cattle offers the potential to increase milk yield in tropical environment. The aim of the present study was to estimate genetic parameters of heat tolerance and its relationship to milk production in Holstein Dairy Cows in Iran.

scholarly journals Distribution of starch, lipid and nuclei in xylem and phloem of Tectona grandis Linn.

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Azharul Islam ◽  
Shahanara Begum
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tree Breeding ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Phloem Parenchyma ◽  
Tree Breeding Program ◽  
Teak Tree ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
Cell Death Pattern

Context: Reserve materials among different plant tissues vary species to species. The distribution pattern of such materials and cell death pattern in Tectona grandis Linn. are still obscure. Objectives: To study the localization of starch, lipid and nuclei in the phloem, cambium and xylem tissue of T. grandis. Materials and Methods: Blocks containing phloem, cambium and outermost xylem of the stem of 12 years old teak tree collected. Different staining methods used to visualize starch, lipid and nuclei within different cells under light microscope. Results: Starch in parenchyma cells is more abundant in outer xylem than phloem and cambium. Lipids droplets are uniformly distributed in outermost xylem. Phloem parenchyma content few mass of lipids but, limited in cambium. There are many dead cells visualized in both phloem and xylem with characteristic patterns. The results clarify the levels of starch, lipid in tissue of T. grandis and showed distinguished variation among the cell contents. Conclusion: The physiology of plant cells related to transport of nutrients and cell death also illustrated in the report. This would be helpful for further study to improve quality wood through tree breeding program. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.12997 J. bio-sci. 19: 29-35, 2011

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