Dégagement chimique ou manuel de plantations d'épinette noire? Étude de cas dans le domaine de la sapinière à bouleau blanc au Québec

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 973-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Jobidon ◽  
Lise Charette ◽  
François Trottier
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Over Time

This study aimed at comparing manual and chemical release treatments in black spruce plantations within the balsam fir – white birch ecosystems located in the Lower-Saint-Lawrence and inland Gaspé région of Québec. Three experimental sites characterized by competition dominated by red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) were selected for the study. On each site, a completely randomized block design with seven repetitions was used. Each block was composed of four plots, each representing a vegetation treatment: a manual release, a manual release to be repeated two years later, a chemical release using Vision® (Monsanto Canada), and no treatment on a control plot. The effects of treatment on spruce growth were assessed 1, 2, and 5 years after treatment. The spruce seedlings benefited from the release treatments. After five years, spruce diameter was 25.2 to 42.9% superior, height was 12.5 to 24.8% superior and the mean volume index was 89.3 to 168.6% superior to seedlings on control plots. Moreover, growth profiles over time for the released and control seedlings were not parallel; the seedlings in the released plots showed a growth rate which was superior to that of the control plots, and differences in growth trajectories increased over time. For the three experimental sites, chemical release showed no significant advantage over manual release when assessed after five years of spruce growth variables. This result is attributed to a relatively poor vegetation regrowth after treatment. A manual release treatment was applied a second time on only one of the three sites. In this case, spruce demonstrated a significantly higher growth than on plots which were only manually released once. The survival rate was not significantly affected by either of the treatments except when seedlings suffered mechanical damage. This study supports the hypothesis whereby sites located within the balsam fir – white birch ecosystems for which vigor of competing vegetation is moderate, a manual release treatment produces similar results to a chemical release treatment in terms of black spruce growth in the ensuing years. Key words: black spruce, chemical release, competition, manual release, red raspberry, spruce plantations.

Comparative responses of small mammals, vegetation, and food sources to natural regeneration and conifer release treatments in boreal balsam fir stands of Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gagné ◽  
Louis Bélanger ◽  
Jean Huot
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Advance Regeneration

Abundance and species diversity of small mammals were compared among three regeneration methods used in boreal balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests. Those methods were natural regeneration after "careful logging" to retain advance regeneration and planting (black spruce, Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) followed by herbicide (Vision®) release or brushsaw cutting release. Deciduous vegetation was reduced for two growing seasons in both plantation types after treatment, and foliar arthropods decreased for one growing season. In herbicide-treated plantations, red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shrub cover, near-ground vegetation, and production of berries were reduced for two growing seasons. After herbicide release, the abundance of the red-backed vole (Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors)) was significantly lowered for two growing seasons. This negative effect was associated with reduced cover during the first two post-treatment growing seasons. In the short term, herbicide-treated plantations constitute poorer red-backed vole habitats than brushsaw plantations. In early successional boreal balsam fir stands, planting did not markedly affect small mammals probably because natural regeneration was common in these plantations.

Seasonal susceptibility of boreal plants: red raspberry phenology as a bioindicator of optimum within-season timing of glyphosate applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
F W Bell ◽  
D G Pitt
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Forest Managers

In Canada, forest managers operating under public licenses are under pressure from the public to cease using herbicides or at minimum reduce the quantity of active ingredient applied in the environment. Lacking in their decision-making toolbox is information about biological cues that could help optimize herbicide performance. In 1990, two rates of the herbicide glyphosate, 1.1 and 1.7 kg acid equivalent (a.e.) ha-1, were applied bi-weekly between July 21 and September 25 using a backpack sprayer to release jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) seedlings from red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. var. strigosus (Michx.) Maxim.) competition. On average, the higher application rate reduced raspberry cover by at least 6% more than the lower rate (p < 0.01). Control of raspberry was poor with the earliest application, peaked with mid- to late-summer applications, and decreased with late-season applications. Peak jack pine performance, as measured by stem volume index, followed a mid-August application at the low rate. Earlier applications resulted in substantial herbicide injury and later applications were not as effective at reducing raspberry competition. The optimum timing for jack pine performance corresponded with the period between the beginning of raspberry's floricane senescence (i.e., end of full flowering) and the initiation of primocane senescence (i.e., fruit maturation). Seedlings released in mid-August maintained a growth advantage over other seedlings from the fifth through to the tenth year of this study. Discerning forest managers may choose to use phenological cues from the target species, such as red raspberry, as a bioindicator of glyphosate efficacy. Key words: forest vegetation management, herbicides, herbicide efficacy, phenology, Pinus banksiana, Vision®, glyphosate, Rubus idaeus

A reexamination of moose damage to balsam fir–white birch forests in central Newfoundland: 27 years later

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1388-1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian D. Thompson ◽  
William J. Curran
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Isle Royale ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
The Mean

A 1960 study from central Newfoundland suggested that moose (Alcesalces L.) would: (i) reduce the commercial value of second-growth forests of central Newfoundland by excessive damage to balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill.); (ii) eliminate white birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.) from the forest canopy; (iii) alter conifer species composition; and (iv) reduce the carrying capacity of the area for moose. We resurveyed the original study areas in 1987. Our data suggest that moose have altered species composition in favour of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) on some sites and have reduced the mean height of balsam fir trees. White birch was generally absent from the canopy. However, contrary to the 1960 prediction, moose appear to have had a positive influence on forest growth by thinning most areas to stem densities comparable with those of precommercially thinned stands. Data from this study were compared with a general model of the influence of moose on balsam fir forests developed for Isle Royale, Michigan. Our data supported two predictions from Isle Royale: moose damage was highest at low balsam fir densities and at highest moose densities. Our results contradicted a third prediction, that height growth was greater in high density stands of saplings. Also, unlike at Isle Royale, despite heavy browsing pressure for extended periods, balsam fir will continue to dominate central Newfoundland forests.

A pattern of forest types on ribbed moraines in eastern Newfoundland

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Delaney ◽  
M. J. Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Forest Type ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Vegetation Succession ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
North Slope ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Distinctive Pattern ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Avalon Peninsula

A distinctive pattern of forest types has been observed on ribbed moraines of the Avalon Peninsula, Newfoundland. This previously unreported pattern is interesting in that the best forests occur on the exposed tops and the theoretically less favourable north slopes. On each moraine, the south slopes characteristically had an uncommercial forest of balsam fir (Abiesbalsamea (L.) (Mill.)) and black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) BSP.), the top and upper north slopes had a forest of white birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.) and balsam fir, and the lower north slope had a pure balsam fir forest. Site descriptions are provided for each forest type and the vegetation succession following fire is proposed.

Survival, Development Time, and Pupal Weights of Larvae of Gypsy Moth Reared on Foliage of Common Trees of the Upper Great Lakes Region

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 126-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Roden ◽  
Gordon A. Surgeoner
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Great Lakes Region ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Upper Great Lakes

Abstract Survival, development time, and pupal weights of larvae were determined for gypsy moth reared on foliage of red oak, sugar maple, white birch, trembling aspen, white spruce, black spruce, jack pine, and balsam fir. Mortality was >50% on sugar maple and balsam fir, 35% on jack pine, and ≤15% on the other species. Female larvae developed significantly faster on trembling aspen foliage (29 days at 21°C) than on that of other species. Larvae reared on foliage of trembling aspen, white birch, or a mixture of foliage of either species and that of other species produced larger pupae than did other foliage combinations. North. J. Appl. For. 8(3):126-128.

Predicting the effects of woodcutting and moose browsing on forest development in Gros Morne National Park, Newfoundland, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinbiao Zhu ◽  
Charles P.-A. Bourque ◽  
Scott Taylor ◽  
Roger Cox ◽  
Carson Wentzell
Keyword(s):  
Scenario Analysis ◽  
National Park ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
White Birch ◽  
Growing Stock ◽  
Transition Rules ◽  
Test Scenarios ◽  
Moose Browsing

Long-term scenario analysis was used to predict the effects of domestic harvesting and moose (Alces alces) browsing on forest growing stock, species composition, and age-class distribution for two groups of managed forest blocks dominated by balsam fir (Abies balsamea [L.] Mill.) in Gros Morne National Park (GMNP), western Newfoundland. Four scenarios were examined. The first scenario assumed no timber harvesting and light moose browsing. Transition rules applied to this scenario came from neighbouring industrial forests, where moose populations are regulated by hunting. The other test scenarios use GMNP-specific transition rules to address increased moose browsing in the park, where hunting has been prohibitedsince the park’s inception in 1973. One of the three tested scenarios was also given a “no timber harvest treatment” so that the effects of moose browsing on park forests may be quantified by comparison with the first scenario. The two remaining test scenarios were designed to address compound effects of timber harvesting and moose browsing within the park, each representingan alternative management sce- nario currently being implemented in GMNP. For both harvest scenarios, the overall achievable wood volume was found to be at least five orders of magnitude lower than growing stock, thus providing sufficient volume for the ongoing domestic wood- cutting program (1973-2060) in the park. The proposed levels of woodcutting were predicted to have little impact on forest growing stock and old-growth forest after 160 years of management, but not on maintaining white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), which is already in low numbers. In contrast, moose browsing, although it was predicted to have little effect on age-class distribution, was estimated to cause a 12% to 32% reduction in growing stock over a 160-year planning horizon, depending on the scenario. This was characterized by a 47% to 50% reduction in growing stock of balsam fir and a 50% to 87% reduction in white birch, and a commensurate expansion in low-density black spruce (Picea mariana [Mill.] BSP) and grassland cover. Key words: balsam fir, black spruce, domestic harvest, grassland, scenario analysis, white birch

Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) for Examining the Genomics Controlling Prickle Production in Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.)

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Archana Khadgi ◽  
Courtney A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Association Study ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genotype By Sequencing

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an expanding high-value berry crop worldwide. The presence of prickles, outgrowths of epidermal tissues lacking vasculature, on the canes, petioles, and undersides of leaves complicates both field management and harvest. The utilization of cultivars with fewer prickles or prickle-free canes simplifies production. A previously generated population segregating for prickles utilizing the s locus between the prickle-free cultivar Joan J (ss) and the prickled cultivar Caroline (Ss) was analyzed to identify the genomic region associated with prickle development in red raspberry. Genotype by sequencing (GBS) was combined with a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using fixed and random model circulating probability unification (FarmCPU) to analyze 8474 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and identify significant markers associated with the prickle-free trait. A total of four SNPs were identified on chromosome 4 that were associated with the phenotype and were located near or in annotated genes. This study demonstrates how association genetics can be used to decipher the genetic control of important horticultural traits in Rubus, and provides valuable information about the genomic region and potential genes underlying the prickle-free trait.

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