Impact of an Open Trellis on Canopy Growth, Light Interception, Yield, and Leaf Physiology of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 468b-468
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Klauer ◽  
J. Scott Cameron ◽  
Chuhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Leaf Physiology ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Upper Third

After promising results were obtained with an open-style split trellis (two top wires) in its initial year, two new trials were established in 1997 in northwest (Lynden) and southwest (Woodland) Washington. For the split trellis, actual yields were 33% (machine-picked 1/2 season) and 17% (hand-picked) greater, respectively, for the two locations compared to the conventional trellis (one top wire). In Woodland, canes from the split trellis had 33% more berries, 55% more laterals, 69% more leaves, and 25% greater leaf area compared with the conventional trellis. Greatest enhancement of these components was in the upper third of the canopy. Laterals were also shorter in this area of the split canopy, but there was no difference in average total length of lateral/cane between trellis types. Total dry weight/cane was 22% greater in the split trellis, but component partitioning/cane was consistent between the two systems with fruit + laterals (43%) having the greatest above-ground biomass, followed by the stem (30% to 33%) and the leaves (21% to 22%). Measurement of canopy width, circumference, and light interception showed that the split-trellis canopy filled in more quickly, and was larger from preanthesis through postharvest. Light interception near the top of the split canopy was 30% greater 1 month before harvest with 98% interception near the top and middle of that canopy. There was no difference between the trellis types in leaf CO2 assimilation, spectra, or fluorescence through the fruiting season, or in total nitrogen of postharvest primocane leaves.

Wind reduces growth and yield but not net leaf photosynthesis of primocane-fruiting red raspberries (Rubus idaues L.) in the establishment years

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 841-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Privé ◽  
N. Allain
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Exchange Parameters

Four primocane-fruiting (PF) red raspberry cultivars, Bogong, Autumn Cascade, Heritage and Dinkum, were grown in exposed or sheltered (50% permeable artificial windbreak) sites fully exposed to prevailing winds in Bouctouche, NB. Shelters were erected at the beginning and removed at the end of each growing season. In the establishment year, all cultivars were evaluated to determine the effects of wind stress on their vegetative and reproductive development and leaf gas exchange. since all cultivars responded similarly to the effect of wind in year one, only Dinkum was monitored in years two and three. In all years, the artificial windbreak resulted in an overall 35% reduction in wind velocity, increased the number of calm days (<5.4 km h−1) and decreased the incidence of strong breezes (>36 km h−1). Interestingly in this maritime climate, the artificial windbreak did not have much of an effect on altering relative humidity, vapour pressure deficits, or air or soil temperature. Plants from sheltered sites consistently had greater above-ground biomass (especially cane dry weight) and longer cane internodes. For two of the three years, leaf area and yield were also greater in the sheltered sites. Leaf gas exchange parameters (Pn, gs and Ci), expressed per unit of leaf area, did not differ between treatments for most of the season, but the sheltered plants retained more leaf area and thus had the potential to fix a greater amount of carbon than the exposed plants. The larger, sheltered plants produced a more extensive fruiting framework, which resulted in increased yields in both the establishment and subsequent year. It is recommended to shelter raspberry plants from wind in the initial establishment years. Key words: Rubus idaeus L., fall-bearing, autumn fruiting, windbreak

scholarly journals Dry Weight Partitioning in Three Phenotypes of Red Raspberry

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (5) ◽  
pp. 940-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita Popenoe
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dried Fruit ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Weight Partitioning

`Heritage', `Titan', and `Boyne' red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) were grown for 3 years and plots were sampled annually for changes in growth. `Heritage' is a primocane- and floricane-fruiting, strongly suckering cultivar; `Boyne' is a floricane-fruiting, strongly suckering cultivar; and `Titan' is a floricane-fruiting, weakly suckering cultivar. Each year in October, plants of each cultivar were dug from two 0.5-m2 plots in each of four rows, separated into roots, crowns, canes (primocanes were harvested in October and floricanes were harvested in July), and leaves, and dried. Fruit were harvested, yields were recorded, and dry weights of subsamples were used to estimate total fruit dry weights. `Heritage' fruit included the primocane and floricane harvests. `Heritage' was more yield-efficient than `Boyne' or `Titan' in that it allocated a higher percentage of total dry weight to fruit and a lower percentage to vegetative parts. Although `Titan' had fewer canes, cane diameter and length were greater. `Boyne' allocated higher percentages of total dry weight to roots than other cultivars. The percentage of total dry weight allocated to fruit was similar for `Boyne' and `Titan' in 1992, but lower for `Boyne' in 1991. Within the cultivars tested, phenotype for suckering did not indicate productivity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Sumber dan Dosis Bahan Organik terhadap Perubahan sifat Kimia Tanah, Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 di Lahan Kering Jatikerto, Malang

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Edy Suminarti ◽  
A.Y. Edy Guntoro ◽  
A. N. Fajrin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Total Dry Weight

Suminarti et al, 2018. Effect of Source and Dosage of Organic Materials on Changes in Soil Chemical Properties, Growth and Yield of Sorghum Plants (Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) var. KD4 in Dry Land Jatikerto, Malang. JLSO 7(2): Agricultural extensification is the right step to anticipate conditions of food insecurity. This refers to two reasons, namely (1) proliferation of land conversion activities, and (2) sorghum is a carbohydrate-producing plant that is quite tolerant when planted on dry land. The objective of this study was to obtain information about the sources and doses of organic matter that are appropriate to changes in soil chemical properties, growth and yield of sorghum plants, and has been carried out in the dry land of Jatikerto, Malang. A split plot designs with three replications were used in this study, sources of organic material (blothong, UB compost and cow dung) as the main plot, and doses of organic matter (125%, 100% and 75%) as a subplot. Soil analysis was carried out 3 times, i.e. before planting, after application of organic matter and at harvest. The agronomic observations were carried out destructively at 80 days after planting (DAP) including the components of growth (root dry weight, leaf area, and total dry weight of the plant) and harvest at the age of 90 DAP.F test at 5% level was used to test the effect of treatment, while the difference between treatments was based on LSD level of 5%.The results showed that there was a significant interaction between the source and dosage of organic matter on the leaf area and total dry weight, the highest yield was obtained in blothong at various doses. Higher yields of seeds per hectare were also found in blotong: 1.76 tons ha-1, and 1.73 tons ha-1 on 125% doses of organic matter. Blotong application is able to provide elements of N, P and K soil respectively 18.3%, 85.68% and 8.42% for plant.

scholarly journals Growth And Yield of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Varities in Sokoto Sudan Savanna of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1513-1518
Author(s):  
A.S. Gunu ◽  
M. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Sudan Savanna ◽  
Stalk Weight

Field trial was carried out during the 2019 rainy season (June to October) at the Dryland Teaching and Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto to determine the growth and yield of sorghum varieties in the study area. The treatments consisted of five (5) sorghum varieties (Samsorg 45, Samsorg 46, Janjari, Yartawa and Jardawa), the treatments were laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated three (3) times. Data were collected on the growth and yield of the crop. Janjari and Jardawa varieties were higher in plant height. Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in number of leaves. Janjari and Yartawa varieties were higher in total dry weight. Janjari, Jardawa and Yartawa varieties were higher in harvest index. Yartawa variety was higher in leaf area, leaf area index and 1000-grain weight. Jardawa variety was higher in panicle length. Janjari variety was early in number of days to heading, flowering, and maturity and was higher in dry stalk weight. The grain yield (249 – 1506kg ha-1 ) was higher in Janjari and Yartawa varieties (1268 – 1506 kg ha-1). Based on the findings of this research, it could be concluded that Janjari and Yartawa varieties performed better than other varieties in the study area.

A study of growth in swards of timothy and meadow fescue. I. Uninterrupted growth

1958 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. M. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Total Dry Weight

1. Swards of S. 48 timothy and S. 215 meadow fescue growing alone or together were sampled at intervals of 3 weeks throughout the season. The number and weight of leaves, stems and ears were determined, and leaf area was estimated.2. Despite high rainfall, the total number of tillers in both species declined from the beginning of the experiment until early July, but increased again from then onwards until the original complement had been approximately restored. The number of leaves failed to show a corresponding increase in the autumn because each tiller carried fewer leaves than earlier in the year.3. In the spring total dry weight increased more rapidly in meadow fescue than in timothy which in turn out-yielded meadow fescue later in the season. Both species attained their greatest dry weight soon after ear emergence, a period which was marked by considerable crop growth and relative growth rates.4. Leaf area index reached a maximum before total dry weight had increased to its highest level, but then declined in both species. Meadow fescue differed from timothy by producing a second crop of foliage after the summer with a leaf area index of about 7. This second rise appeared to be due mainly to increased leaf size in contrast to timothy whose leaves became progressively smaller towards the end of the season.5. The differences in growth between the species discussed with reference to their dates of ear emergence which in this experiment differed by about 6 weeks.

scholarly journals RESPONSE OF GAMAL (Gliricidia sepium) AND INDIGOFERA (Indigofera zollingeriana) FORAGE ON APPLICATION OF ANORGANIC AND ORGANIC FERTILIZER

Pastura ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Roni N.G.K. ◽  
S.A. Lindawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

The productivity of forage depends on the availability of nutrients in the soil where it is grown, so fertilization to replace harvested produce is absolutely necessary. This study aims to study the response of gamal and indigofera forage on application of inorganic and organic fertilizers. Research using a completely randomized design factorial pattern of two factors, the first factor is the type of plant (G = Gamal; I = Indigofera) and the second factor is the type of fertilizer (T = without Fertilizer; A = Inorganic fertilizer NPK; K = commercial organic fertilizer; O = conventional organic fertilizer; B = bioorganic fertilizer), repeated 4 times so that it consists of 40 experimental units. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, total dry weight of leaves, ratio of dry weight of leaves/stems and leaf area per pot. The results showed that there was no interaction between plant species and types of fertilizer in influencing the response of gamal and indigofera plants. Plant species have a significant effect on stem diameter, while fertilizer types have a significant effect on plant height, leaf dry weight, total dry weight of leaves and leaf area per pot. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that the response of gamal plants is similar to indigofera, all types of fertilizers can improve the response of plants and organic fertilizers produce the same crop response with inorganic fertilizers. Keywords: gamal, indigofera, inorganic fertilizer, organic fertilizer

In vitro hardening of red raspberry through CO2 enrichment and relative humidity reduction on sugar-free medium

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1105-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ribo Deng ◽  
Danielle J. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Plantlet Growth ◽  
Murashige Skoog

Micropropagated shoots of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. ’Comet’) were rooted on modified Murashige-Skoog medium lacking sucrose, in specially constructed plexiglass chambers, under ambient (340 ± 20 ppm) or enriched (1500 ± 50 ppm) CO2 and ambient (ca. 100%) or reduced (90 ± 5%) relative humidity. Cultured plantlets were evaluated for their survival, rooting and relative vigor, leaf and root number, stem and root length, total leaf area, total fresh and dry weight, gas exchange rate, and stomatal features, prior to transplantation to soil and at intervals for 6 wk ex vitro. In vitro CO2 enrichment promoted plantlet growth, rooting and both the survival and early growth of transplants. CO2 enrichment increased stomatal aperture of plantlet leaves but did not apparently increase water stress at transplantation. Reduced in vitro RH did not affect plantlet growth but decreased stomatal apertures and stomatal index on leaves of cultured plantlets and promoted both the survival and early growth of transplants. In vitro CO2 and RH levels did not affect the photosynthetic rate of either plantlets or transplants. Only the stomata on leaves of plantlets from the ambient CO2 and reduced RH treatment were functional. Normal stomatal function was not observed in persistent leaves of transplants from the other treatments, even 2 wk after transplantation. In vitro CO2 enrichment acted synergistically with RH reduction in improving growth of plantlets both in vitro and ex vitro. Hardened red raspberry plantlets obtained through CO2 enrichment and RH reduction survived direct transfer to ambient greenhouse conditions without the necessity for specialized ex vitro acclimatization treatment. Key words: Acclimatization, growth analysis, photosynthesis, Rubus idaeus L., stomata, tissue culture

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl Salinity and Different Substracts on Plant Growth, Mineral Nutrient Assimilation and Fruit Yield of Strawberry

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asghar RAHIMI ◽  
Ali BIGLARIFARD
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Assimilation ◽  
Concentration Changes ◽  
Total Dry Weight

A hydroponic culture was carried out with strawberry cv. Camarosa to investigate the effects of four salinity levels and four different substrates on plant growth, mineral nutrient assimilation and fruit yield of strawberry. Total dry weight accumulation of plants was not inhibited at low salinities, but it was significantly inhibited at 60 mM NaCl. Dry mass (DM) partitioning in NaCl-stressed plants was in favor of crown and petioles and at the expense of root, stem and leaf, whereas leaf, stem and root DM progressively declined with an increase in salinity. Specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf area ratio (LAR) significantly decreased in cv. Camarosa at 60 and 90 mM. Results also showed that the presence of NaCl in the root medium induced an increase in total Na+ content of the plants in the shoot and root. Despite Na+ and K+, the increase in total inorganic ions resulted from increasing salinity, with Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations decreasing in shoot and increasing in roots with an increase in salinity. For all micro- and macroelements however, significant concentration changes related to different substrates were not detected in the present experiments. Results also showed a significant decline of Fe content of 40% and 49% in shoot and root, respectively.

scholarly journals Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Salak (Salacca Zallaca) terhadap Dosis Spora Endomikoriza pada Media Pembawa Pasir Kuarsa dan Zeolit

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
NI KADEK ARYANI ◽  
I NYOMAN RAI ◽  
NI NYOMAN ARI MAYADEWI
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quartz Sand ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf P

Response of Salak Seedlings (Salacca Zallaca) Growth to Dosage of Endomycorrhizal Spore in Quartz Sand and Zeolite Carrier Media. This study aimed to study the effect of endomycorrhizal spore dosage and carrier media that were applied directly to the roots of salak plants. The research designed as factorisl by using Randomized Block Design with 2 treatment factors. The first factor was number of endomycorrhiza spores consists of 4 levels i.e 0, 75, 150, and 225 spores per 500 g carrier media per polybag, while the second factor was the type of carrier media consist of 2 levels i.e zeolite and quartz sand. The results showed that interaction between endomycorrhizal spore dosage with   carrier   media   did   not   significantly   influence   the   growth   of   salak   seedlings. Endomycorrhizal spores in doses of 75, 150 and 225 spores per polybag increased root infection and leaf P nutrient content compared to control, but seed height, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of seedlings not significantly difference. The zeolite carrier media caused root infection by mycorrhizal was higher than quartz sand media, but the P nutrient uptake and seedling growth were not significantly different. Based on the results of this study it is necessary to make a longer observation of the effect of endomycorrhizal spore doses and carrier media on the growth of salak seedlings.

scholarly journals 484 PB 420 VARIANCE COMPONENTS FOR LEAF AREA AND DRY WEIGHT ACCUMULATION IN GREENHOUSE TOMATOES GROWN UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHT AND NIGHT TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 500f-500
Author(s):  
W. Alan Erb ◽  
N. Jean Flickinger
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Variance Components ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Total Dry Weight ◽  
Greenhouse Tomatoes ◽  
Line P

Two tomato inbreds (one advanced greenhouse line, P1=Ohio ICR.9 and one frost resistant line, P2=Ohio 4013-3) and F1, BC1, BC2 and F2 progeny were examined for growth and development during December and January to determine inheritance of biomass characters. Two-week-old seedlings from each generation (8 from the P1, P2 and F1; 32 from the BC1 and BC2; and 64 from the F2) developed over a 9-week period at 2 different night temperatures (17 and 12 C) and light levels (natural light and 30% shade, 5 days/week). The F1 generation had the highest leaf area and total dry weight means followed by the BC1 and P1 generations. The variance components for leaf area and total dry weight accumulation were: Ve = 120,300 and 2.63; Vp = 553,618 and 12.46; Va = 127,475 and 3.65; and Vd = 305,843 and 6.18, respectively. Both traits are highly heritable, having a broad sense heritability of 0.78 and 0.79 for leaf area and total dry weight, respectively. However, because narrow sense heritability is low, 0.23 and 0.30, respectively, improvement in biomass accumulation will be more difficult.

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