scholarly journals Prejudice toward National Minorities: Exploring the Role of Different Forms of National Attachment

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-131
Author(s):  
Lea Skokandić ◽  
◽  
Dinka Čorkalo Biruški ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Minorities ◽  
National Attachment

scholarly journals The Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities and Internalization: Lessons from the Western Balkans

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Craig
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Divided Societies ◽  
Precise Form ◽  
Community Rights ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Domestic Law

Abstract The precise form of internalization of the provisions of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities in domestic law is crucial in ensuring its long-term effectiveness. Experiences in the Western Balkans raise important questions about the role of minority (or community) rights legislation in deeply divided societies. This article uses the case-studies of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and the Republic of North Macedonia to highlight key themes and limitations that have emerged. Comparative analysis reveals a surprising divergence of approaches to internalization in the region. The article further demonstrates that the ‘nation-cum-state paradigm’ remains prevalent, despite the premise of universality. It argues that such legislation can play an important symbolic and practical role, but that legal internalization needs to be seen as an ongoing process. It concludes that attention needs to be given to ensuring the continued particularization and adaptation of such legislation in light of both the limitations and changing circumstances, providing a key lesson also for other divided societies.

North American Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration in the Time of COVID-19: The Role of National Attachment and Threat

2021 ◽  
Vol 697 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-173
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Esses ◽  
Alina Sutter ◽  
Joanie Bouchard ◽  
Kate H. Choi ◽  
Patrick Denice
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Country Level ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Immigration Attitudes ◽  
National Attachment ◽  
National Representative Survey

Using a cross-national representative survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, we examine predictors of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in Canada and the United States, including general and COVID-related nationalism, patriotism, and perceived personal and national economic and health threats. In both countries, nationalism, particularly COVID-related nationalism, predicted perceptions that immigration levels were too high and negative attitudes toward immigrants. Patriotism predicted negative immigration attitudes in the United States but not in Canada, where support for immigration and multiculturalism are part of national identity. Conversely, personal and national economic threat predicted negative immigration attitudes in Canada more than in the United States. In both countries, national health threat predicted more favorable views of immigration levels and attitudes toward immigrants, perhaps because many immigrants have provided frontline health care during the pandemic. Country-level cognition in context drives immigration attitudes and informs strategies for supporting more positive views of immigrants and immigration.

scholarly journals The Theory of the Hun Origin in Contemporary Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 1245-1258
Author(s):  
Evgenii A. Koloskov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Usable Past ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and transformation of the theory of the Huns in contemporary Bulgaria through the prism of the political history of the country from the beginning of the debate about the origin of Bulgarians up to present day. The article examines how political reality impacted the processes of shaping scholarly and educational images, i.e. constructing a “convenient” usable past by the Bulgarian academic and non-academic circles. The main aspect in the study is related to the question of various interpretations of the ethnic origin of the Bulgars, the Huns and the role of the Slavic factor in the ethnogenesis of the contemporary Bulgarians. The milestones of the difficult history of Bulgaria and changes in political regimes have become the reasons for rejecting “Slavic” origin or, in some case, returning to it depending on external and internal circumstances. Today the Hun theory in all its variations and interpretations lies outside the professional scope of academic circles but is becoming the domain for various marginals. However, increasing activity of the right and the far-right in the politics of Europe capitalizing on the 2015 refugee crisis might return to the mainstream of official academic discourse the theory of the Hun The upcoming challenges of foreign policy (Euro-skepticism, ambitious projects outside the EU framework) and internal political issues (the question of national minorities) may also have a significant impact on this issue.

scholarly journals The Role of National Minorities in the Polish Armed Forces During the September 1939 Campaign

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Valerii Yarovyj ◽  
Yaroslava Dmytruk
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Second World War ◽  
National Minority ◽  
World War ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Second World

The article covers the issues of participation in the September 1939 campaign of representatives of national minorities who served at that time in the Polish Army. Also made an attempt to unbiased consideration of the problem. The authors paid attention to the issue of the number of members of national minorities in the Polish Army on the eve of the Second World War, as well as analyzed the attitude of this category of soldiers to fulfilling their military duty, in particular, based on the memoirs of participants in the events of that time. Also raised is the issue of cases of desertion from Polish armed forces members of national minorities during the September campaign. Unfortunately, the exact number of national minority soldiers who participated in the September 1939 campaign is very difficult to determine, since many documents from the period of the September campaign were destroyed, while during the war a part of the them went to the German and Soviet archives, where most of them were lost. On the basis of preserved materials, one can only say that the attitude of representatives of national minorities – Ukrainians, Belarusians, Germans or Jews, dressed in Polish forms in September 1939 – is somewhat different. Often, they selflessly fought, but there were cases of desertion, however, for the sake of justice, it should be noted that the practice of desertion in the early days of the war was also inherent in representatives of Polish nationality. On the basis of the material under study, have made sufficiently substantiated generalizations and conclusions regarding key aspects related to the participation of representatives of national minorities who served in the Polish Army in the September 1939 campaign. It is irrefutable that from the very first days of the war ordinary soldiers who came from national minorities, as well as Ukrainian contract officers began to defend the Polish state, and until the end continued to bravely and courageously fight the enemy, often at the cost of their own lives.

scholarly journals THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES TO INFORMATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Aid Mršić ◽  
◽  
Larisa Softić-Gasal ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Pressure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Trends ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Guardian

The public service, which should be the guardian of the identity of national minorities, fell under the political pressure. In this way, it came out of the scope of its actions. Leading people in independent media believe that the role of the public service is crucial in protecting national minorities.But the media can not do it alone. First of all, the state must regulate, and respect what it has brought. With strong strategies and the inclusion of national minorities in all social trends, it is possible to achieve, not fully, but partially, the equality of all those who liveon the territory of BiH.On the other hand, the public service must respect what the state says. The Communications Regulatory Agency is obliged to impose rules in an adequate manner and at the same time to monitor how much the media (public service) meets its obligations.

scholarly journals The Kyiv City Association of the Greeks: History and Modernity

2017 ◽  
pp. 248-272
Author(s):  
Vladyslava Piskizhova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Development ◽  
Intercultural Dialogue ◽  
Central State ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Full Volume

The article is devoted to the history of the formation and activity of one of the first in the history of independent Ukraine public organizations of the national Greek community, i.e. the Kyiv City Association of the Greeks. After all, in today’s world, public associations of national minorities are an extremely important structural component of the civil society, which can play both a consolidating role and serve as a source of aggravation of interethnic conflicts. The grounds of the source base of the research were the materials of the current archive of this organization (the Statute, protocols of meetings, resolutions, agreements, etc.), part of which in 2017 was already transferred to the funds of the Central State Archives of public associations of Ukraine. However, up to now, these documents have not become available yet to the general public concerned. Taking this into consideration, we find it appropriate to publish some of them in the full volume as an annex to this research, especially those that most clearly highlight the main achievements of the organization in the development of national and cultural life of the Greek community of Kyiv and Ukraine in general, and show the dynamics of the establishment of the Ukrainian-Greek intercultural dialogue. Important information on the activity of the Kyiv City Association of the Greeks is found on the pages of its printed edition, the newspaper “Elpida”, as well as on the organization site operating since 2016. The importance of recording and systematization of information on the current institutional development of national minorities in Ukraine is preconditioned by the necessity to form a conscious evaluation of the role of associations of national minorities in the process of forming public associations and the establishment of national Ukrainian culture in opinion of public and scientific communities.

scholarly journals Democratic order and ethnic minority rights: the weaknesses of the Finnish and Turkish democracies

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-102
Author(s):  
Adél Furu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Conflict Prevention ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Democratic Experience ◽  
Consolidated Democracy

This paper raises important questions about the nature of governance in Finland with a view to the difficulties of the Sámi minority, and in the same time in this study we present our comparative approach to investigate how Finland and Turkey are able to solve internal ethnic conflicts related to their national minorities. The article provides a comparative analysis of the democratic order in a consolidated democracy (Finland) and in a weak democracy (Turkey). The democratic experience of these countries is of reasonable importance, as a considerable number of countries worldwide are at various stages during the democratic experiment. This study outlines the role of democratic order in conflict prevention in these two states.

scholarly journals LESSONS OF THE CENTRAL COUNICUL FOR ETHNOPOLITICAL CONSENSUS IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Kalakura
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
Central Council ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article discusses important component of Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921 — activities of the Central Council in the case of involvement minorities to the Ukrainian statehood processes. The role of interethnic unity in the two top events of the modern history of the Ukrainian people was highlighted — the proclamation of the Fourth Universal of the Central Council in 1918 and the Act of Independence of Ukraine in 1991, by using the comparative method. It is analyzed steps of the Ukrainian state, aimed at developing equal relations and between Ukrainians and minorities, search of interethnic harmony. The necessity of legal protection of interests of ethnic groups, support of cultural and educational measures for preservation of identity of all citizens is proved. It is analyzed the national minorities’ participation in the rebuilding of Ukrainian statehood at the turn of the 1980s and 1990s, the formation of the ethnopolitics principles of modern state, using historical experience of the period of the Ukrainian Revolution. The necessity of correction of the state ethnopolitics in the conditions of armed confrontation with the Russian Federation is emphasized, the problem issues, which concern both Ukrainians and representatives of national minorities, are defi ned. The key to European and Euro-Atlantic integration of the country is in need for improving the legal protection of the interests of ethnic groups, support cultural and educational measures to preserve the identity of all citizens. Practical steps to ensure the ethno-national rights of Ukrainian citizens in modern conditions, protection of Ukrainian unity and the development of civil society are off ered.

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