Effect of Copper Toxicity on Root Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Copper Accumulation in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junren Chen ◽  
Danli Peng ◽  
Mohammad Shafi ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Abstract A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of copper toxicity on root morphology, ultrastructure, and copper accumulation in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Root ultrastructure of Moso bamboo was studied by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Application of 200 μM Cu resulted in an accumulation of 810 mg kg-1 dry weight and 91 mg kg-1 dry weight Cu in roots and shoots, respectively. The majority of the plants did not survive the application of 400 μM Cu. Biomass production declined consistently with application of each additional increment of Cu. Root growth was more severely inhibited than shoot growth. Cu adversely affected the root morphology of the plants, however, root surface area and number of root tips increased slightly at low levels of Cu. Root cell ultrastructure and organelles changed significantly under Cu stress, in particular, cell walls, mitochondria, and xylem parenchyma were affected.

The relationship between root morphology and cadmium accumulation in seedlings of two durum wheat cultivars

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Berkelaar ◽  
Beverley Hale
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Cadmium Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Cd Accumulation

Two cultivars of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) with known, and different, grain-Cd accumulation were used to compare root tissue accumulation of Cd with root morphology. Six-day-old 'Kyle' and 'Arcola' seedlings were exposed to a range of Cd2 + concentrations (3.91 × 10-8 - 3.91 × 10-7 M) for 0-200 min, and root Cd contents for the two cultivars were compared with root morphological characteristics. 'Kyle' roots contained 35% less Cd per root system after 200 min of exposure and had less root surface area and fewer root tips than 'Arcola'. 'Kyle' roots also contained 30% less Cd per gram of dry weight than 'Arcola' roots after 200 min of exposure. 'Kyle' roots also had fewer root tips per unit of root dry weight and less surface area per unit of dry weight (DW) than 'Arcola'. When cadmium concentration data (µg·g-1 DW) were expressed per unit of root surface area (µg·cm-2) and per number of root tips (µg·tip-1), the difference in root Cd content between the two cultivars was smaller. These results suggest that greater root Cd content of 'Arcola' than 'Kyle' can be explained by differences in morphology, specifically that a greater surface area and more root tips in 'Arcola' leads to greater Cd accumulation in root tissue.Key words: cadmium accumulation, durum wheat, root morphology.

scholarly journals Growth, Physiological, and Photosynthetic Responses of Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge Seedlings Under Various Degrees of Salinity

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Wei Zong ◽  
Zhi-Long Zhang ◽  
Pei-Lu Huang ◽  
Nai-Yu Chen ◽  
Ke-Xin Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Root Parameters ◽  
Xanthoceras Sorbifolium

Xanthoceras sorbifolium Bunge is priced for its medical and energetic values. The species also plays a key role in stabilizing ecologically fragile areas exposed to excess soil salinity. In this study, the effects of salinity on the growth, physiological, and photosynthetic parameters of X. sorbifolium Bunge were investigated. The X. sorbifolium seedlings were subjected to five salt treatments: 0 (control, CK), 70, 140, 210, and 280 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. NaCl caused a decrease in plant height, specific leaf area, biomass, and root parameters. Leaf wilting and shedding and changes in root morphology, such as root length, root surface area, and root tips were observed. This study found that X. sorbifolium is tolerant to high salinity. Compared with the CK group, even if the concentration of NaCl was higher than 210 mM, the increase of the relative conductivity was also slow, while intercellular CO2 concentration had a similar trend. Moreover, NaCl stress caused an increase in the malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble proteins, and proline. Among the enzymes in the plant, the catalase (CAT) activity increases first and decreased with the increase in the intensity of NaCl stress, but the salt treatment had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The peroxidase (POD) showed an increasing trend under salt stress. It was found that the photosynthesis of X. sorbifolium was notably impacted by saline stress. NaCl toxicity induced a noticeable influence on leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (E), and water use efficiency (Wue). As salt concentration increased, the content of chlorophyll decreased. It can be found that a low concentration of NaCl induced the increase of photosynthetic capacity but a high-intensity exposure to stress resulted in the reduction of photosynthetic efficiency and SOD activity, which had a positive correlation. In summary, salt-induced ionic stress primarily controlled root morphology, osmotic adjustment, and enzyme activities of salt-treated X. sorbifolium leaves, whereas the low salt load could, in fact, promote the growth of roots.

scholarly journals Effects of NO3 – Availability on Total Productivity, Root Morphology, Photosynthesis and Nitrogen Metabolism of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Recombinant Inbred Lines

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. He ◽  
S.-F. Goh ◽  
L. Qin
Keyword(s):  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Recombinant Inbred ◽  
Recombinant Inbred Lines ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Chl A ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Total Productivity

We have identified certain heat-resistant (HR) and heat-sensitive (HS) lettuce (Lactuca sativa) recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from 113 lines under hot ambient temperature by studying the root morphology, shoot and root productivity. Except for temperature, one of the other major determinants of root morphology is nitrate (NO3-) availability. In this study, total productivity, root morphology, photosynthesis and nitrogen (N) metabolism of two RILs, 168 HS and 200 HR were studied under full N (100% NO3-), +N (125% NO3-) and –N (50% NO3-). The shoot and root productivity of both RILs under +N and –N treatments declined compared to those of full N plants. Reductions in root length, root surface area and total number of root tips were observed in 168 HS plants under both +N and –N treatments. For 200 HR plants, they all had similar values of root parameters regardless of N treatments. There were no significant differences in the light saturated CO2 assimilation (Asat) and stomatal conductance (gs sat) between two RIL plants For each lettuce RIL, no differences in total chlorophyll (Chl ) content and Chl a/b ratio were observed among the different N treatment. For both lettuce RILs, shoot NO3- concentration was highest in +N followed by full N plants and –N plants had the lowest values. There were no differences in root NO3- concentration between +N and full N plants but root NO3- concentration was significantly lower in –N plants than in +N and full N plants. For shoot total reduced N, +N plants had significantly higher concentration in both RILs compared to those of full N and –N plants. All plants had similar root total reduced N concentrations except for 168 HS under –N condition, which had significantly lower total reduced N concentrations. Differences in shoot maximal nitrate reductase (NR) activity among the different N treated plants were similar to those of total reduced N concentration. The relationships among NO3- availability, root morphology, productivity, photosynthesis and N metabolism were discussed.

Effect of Zn toxicity on root morphology, ultrastructure, and the ability to accumulate Zn in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (23) ◽  
pp. 13615-13624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Liu ◽  
Junren Chen ◽  
Qaisar Mahmood ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Zn Toxicity

The Response of Marigold (Tagets patula) Roots in Copper-treated Plug Containers

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 466c-466
Author(s):  
Gisele Martins ◽  
Robert Geneve ◽  
Sharon Kester
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
System Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Latex Paint ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Cupric Hydroxide ◽  
Effect Of Copper

A study was conducted with marigold `Little Devil Flame' to evaluate the effects of copper-treated containers on root system development in marigold (Tagets patula). The internal walls of plugs were painted or without SpinOut (Griffen Corp., Valdosta, Ga.), a form of cupric hydroxide in latex paint. Two marigold seeds were sown directly into the plugs filled with MetroMix 360 (Scott's) and thinned after 5 days. Plants were grown under standard greenhouse conditions. After 14 days, half of the plants were transplanted into 6-packs and in the other half medium was washed from and the root system were digitally analyzed using MacRhizo (Regent, Inc.). Shoot and root dry weight also were collected. Five days later, the same data were collected from the transplanted plants. Copper hydroxide reduced root and shoot growth prior to transplanting. Average root length of untreated plants was 41% larger than copper treated plants before transplanting and 25% larger after transplanting. There were no carryover effects of the copper on subsequent root growth. Copper-treated plants grew an average of 59.3 mm, while untreated plants grew 53.1 mm after transplanting. Root tips were killed when they contacted the copper-treated container surface. These roots had shorter internal and external link lengths and a greater average root diameter. It appears that the initial effect of copper on marigold roots system is to kill the root tip and inhibit further elongation. Overall branching pattern in the root system was not altered until after transplanting.

scholarly journals Phytoremediation using Phyllostachys pubescens (Moso Bamboo) to reduce the risk of chromium exposure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezio Ranieri ◽  
Barbara Cosanti ◽  
Ada Cristina Ranieri
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Heavy Metals Accumulation ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Chromium Exposure ◽  
Cr Removal

Abstract In this study, a bamboo species, the Phyllostachys pubescens – Moso Bamboo (MB) -, was selected for its heavy metals accumulation and translocation potential to restore Cr-contaminated soil. In order to evaluate the potential for phytoremediation using MB to restore Cr-contaminated soil, pot experiments were carried out in simulated Mediterranean conditions, in laboratory, in a controlled environment, at a temperature of 20°C. Cr removal from soil was 43 % starting from a Cr content of approx. 200 mg/kg Dry Weight and the quantity of Cr per gram of root and rhizome was equal to 1.31 mg/g dw, while the quantity of Cr per gram of stem and leaves was equal to 0.86 mg/g dw, after 12 weeks. Pot experiments confirm that phytoremediation using plants such as MB provides an alternative approach for handling Cr-contaminated soil.

scholarly journals 595 Computer Root Image Analysis of Citrus Rootstock Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499D-499
Author(s):  
Milton E. Tignor ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Poncirus Trifoliata ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Citrus Paradisi ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Local Soil ◽  
Volkamer Lemon ◽  
Citrus Rootstock

Florida citrus has had an average annual on-tree-value of ≈1 billion dollars during the past decade in Florida. Nearly all of the 845,260 acres of citrus in Florida is produced on grafted trees consisting of a commercial scion cultivar and a rootstock selected specifically for local soil, environment, and pest pressures. With vastly different root-zone environments, ranging from deep sands to drained and cleared pine Flatwoods, a large number of different rootstocks are utilized. These rootstocks are started from seed at more than 100 commercial nurseries statewide, which currently produce an estimated 6 million trees a year. Although the optimum germination conditions, basic physiological performance, and adaptability of many rootstocks are known, there has been minimal investigation on early root development in seedling trays at the nursery. Four hundred seedlings of `Swingle' citrumelo (Citrus paradisi Macf. `Dunacn' × Poncirus trifoliata), `Smooth Flat Seville', `Volkamer' lemon (Citrus volkameriana), and `Sun Chu Sha' mandarin were seeded in a randomized block experimental design and grown at a commercial nursery. Seedling root systems (100/rootstock) were analyzed for a number of variables using the Rhizo (Regent Instruments, Inc.) software package and a dual light source scanner. Using the SAS general linear model procedure, hypothesis testing revealed rootstock selection had a significant effect on total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, number of root tips, number of root forks, root dry weight, and stem diameter. For most characteristics, rootstock genotype accounted for a greater portion of variability than samples (plant to plant variability).

scholarly journals Anti-fungal activity of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) leaf extract and its development into a botanical fungicide to control pepper phytophthora blight

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Liao ◽  
Xuexiang Ren ◽  
Quan Gao ◽  
Niuniu Liu ◽  
Feng Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Pepper Phytophthora Blight

AbstractMoso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens, Gramineae) is a well-known medicinal and edible plant found in China with various bioactivities, but few systematic studies address the utilization of its anti-fungal activity. The extract of moso bamboo leaf showed good anti-fungal activity to Phytophthora capsici, Fusarium graminearum, Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Venturia nashicola, and Botrytis cinerea Pers, with inhibitory rate of 100.00%, 75.12%, 60.66%, 57.24%, 44.62%, and 30.16%, respectively. Anti-fungal activity was different by the difference of samples picking time and location. The extract showed good synergistic effects with carbendazim at the ratios of 9:1 and 15:1 (extract : carbendazim), and the co-toxicity coefficients were 124.4 and 139.95. Compound 2 was isolated and identified as the main active component, with the EC50 value of 11.02 mg L−1. Then, the extract was formulated as a 10% emulsion in water, which was stable and had no acute toxic effects. Moreover, a field trial about this formulation was assayed to control pepper phytophthora blight, with the control effect of 85.60%. These data provided a better understanding of the anti-fungal activity and relevant active component of moso bamboo leaf extract. Taken together, our findings illustrated that bamboo leaf extract could be developed and utilized as a botanical fungicide or fungicide adjuvant.

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