scholarly journals The effect of plant extracts from Solanum nigrum L. and Avena fatua L. on the growth of some weed species and agropathogenic fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Golebiowska ◽  
Renata Kieloch ◽  
Maciej Rdzanek ◽  
Jakub Topolski
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense

Experiments to evaluate 40% and 80% methanol extracts prepared from the aboveground parts of two <em>Solanum nigrum</em> biotypes and from the roots of two <em>Avena sativa</em> biotypes were used to test the growth and development of some weed species and agropathogens. The species collected from different crop fields were <em>Viola arvensis</em>, <em>Chenopodium album</em>, <em>Stellaria media</em>, <em>Papaver rhoeas</em>, and <em>Thlaspi arvense</em> together with the pathogenic fungi <em>Fusarium avenaceum</em>, <em>F. culmorum</em>, and <em>F. oxysporum</em>. Plant morphological changes and significant fresh weight reduction of <em>Viola arvensis</em> were observed when treated with both 40% and 80% extracts. A similar response was found in <em>C. album</em>, but only when plants were treated with an 80% extract obtained from plants of <em>S. nigrum</em> collected from a maize field. The most susceptible to both extracts from <em>A. fatua</em> roots growing in a spring wheat field were <em>C. album</em> and <em>S. media</em>, whereas <em>V. arvensis</em> was only susceptible to the 80% extract. The addition of the extracts obtained from <em>A. fatua</em> to PDA medium at concentrations of 0.1% and 1% contributed to significant reductions in the mycelium growth of all three <em>Fusarium</em> species. The extract obtained from <em>S. nigrum</em> added to PDA medium at 1% concentration slightly stimulated mycelium growth of <em>F. oxysporum</em>.

Comparison of the Photosynthetic Capacity between Intact Leaves of Triazine-Resistant and -Susceptible Biotypes of Six Weed Species

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 440-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L.P. van Oorschot ◽  
P.H. van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Rate Of Photosynthesis ◽  
Intact Leaves ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium

The rate of photosynthesis in intact leaves of a triazine-resistant biotype of Amaranthus retroflexus was about 15% lower than that of a triazine-susceptible biotype. Differences in photosynthesis between resistant and susceptible biotypes of Polygonum lapathifolium, Poa annua and Solanum nigrum were not significant, and absent in Chenopodium album and Stellaria media. The results are brought in relation to the appearance of resistant biotypes in the field.

scholarly journals „Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland?

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Heller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Fibre Flax ◽  
The Past ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Weed Communities ◽  
Made In

„Flax specialists”-weed species extinct in Poland? The results of a research on segetal weed communities in fibre flax in Poland are presented, with respect to different regions of cultivation, and changes in the level of infestation during the past forty years. Observations on composition and abundance of weed infestations were made in fields in six experimental farms at the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants. The observations conducted in the period 1967-2008 did not show the occurrence of weed species from the group of so-called "flax specialists": Lolium remotum Schrank, Spergula arvensis L. subsp. maxima (Weiche) O. Schwarz, Camelina alyssum (Mill.) Thell. and Cuscuta epilinum Weihe Ex Boenn. In Poland, weed populations in fibre flax consist of species typical for cereals and root crops: Chenopodium album L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Viola arvensis Murr., Stellaria media Vill., Lamium amplexicaule L., Thlaspi arvense L., Elymus repens (L.) Gould, and Polygonum nodosum Pers.

scholarly journals Emergence of weeds as affected by vertical seed distribution in arable soils

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
T.K. James ◽  
A. Rahman ◽  
T. Webster ◽  
J. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Arable Soils ◽  
Digitaria Sanguinalis ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

A glasshouse study examined weed seedling emergence in soils collected from 20 sites Soil was placed in open topped columns of differing heights and the number of seedlings that emerged were counted A total of 77 different weed species emerged but most were in small numbers Four summer broadleaf weeds black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) fathen (Chenopodium album) spurrey (Spergula arvensis) and willow weed (Polygonum persicaria) showed little restriction and emerged freely from depths up to 50 mm Of the grasses summer grass (Digitaria sanguinalis) and annual poa (Poa annua) were clearly constrained at depths greater than 20 mm while smooth witchgrass (Panicum dichotomiflorum) was not Of the other broadleaf weeds waxweed (Hydrocotyle sp) and Lotus sp were constrained at depths greater than 30 mm while two smallseeded species cudweed (Gnaphalium sp) and toad rush (Juncus bufonius) did not emerge from depths greater than10 mm

SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WEEDS IN RAPESEED CROPS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY REMOTE REGIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF LIPETSK AND SVERDLOVSK REGIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-107
Author(s):  
N.N. Luneva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Tret'yakova ◽  
P.V. Kondratkov ◽  
V.L. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Erodium Cicutarium ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Species Similarity ◽  
Silene Pratensis ◽  
Heat And Moisture

The aim of the study is to identify differences in the species composition of weeds in spring rapeseed crops in two geographically remote regions of the Russian Federation – Lipetsk (Central black earth region) and Sverdlovsk (Ural region). The analysis was carried out using methods of comparative Floristics and distribution of species by classes of constancy of occurrence. Differences between segetal weed flora elements in the agrophytocenoses of canola compare regions, as in floral structure, consisting of the first two "triads" of the floristic spectra and confirmed the low rate coefficient of species similarity. Species differences are represented by species that pollute rapeseed crops only in one of the compared regions. Among the species common to the agrophytocenoses of rapeseed in the two regions are such species as, Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., Euphorbia helioscopia L, Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Viola arvensis Murr. they are characterized by higher rates of occurrence in the Lipetsk region, and Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess, Erodium cicutarium (L.) L. Her., Thlaspi arvense L. – in the Sverdlovsk region. The dominant species in the Lipetsk region are Raphanus raphanistrum L., Chenopodium album L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr., and in the Sverdlovsk region - Galium vaillantii DC., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Thlaspi arvense L., Chenopodium album L., Cirsium setosum (Willd.) Bess. To protect rapeseed crops from weeds in different regions that differ in terms of heat and moisture availability, it is necessary to develop regional protection systems, preceded by mandatory monitoring studies.

Weed seed contamination in white clover seedlots

1990 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
J.S. Rowarth ◽  
A.A. Johnson ◽  
P.T.P. Clifford ◽  
M.P. Rolston
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Seed Testing ◽  
Rumex Acetosella ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Californian Thistle

Weed seeds are the major reason for white clover (Trifolium repens) seedlots being downgraded or rejected from certification. The occurrence of weed species in 537 white clover seedlots tested at the Official Seed Testing Station, Palmerston North, was analysed. The most commonly occurring species were field madder (Sherardia arvensis), chickweed (Stellaria media), fathen (Chenopodium album), sheep's sorrel (Rumex acetosella) and scarlet pimpernel (Anagaflis arvensis). The percentage occurrence of four specified undesirable weeds including Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense) and dodder (Cuscuta epithymum) are reported, and the implications of seed contamination are discussed. Keywords: white clover, contamination, weed seeds

scholarly journals Weed flora and weed management of field peas in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SALONEN ◽  
T. HYVÖNEN ◽  
H. JALLI
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Cropping Practices ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Crop Stand

The composition of the weed flora of dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) fields and cropping practices were investigated in southwestern Finland. Surveys were done in 2002–2003 in 119 conventionally cropped fields and 64 fields under organic cropping. Herbicides were applied to 92% of conventionally cropped fields where they provided relatively good control but were costly. Weeds were controlled mechanically only in five fields under organic production. A total of 76 weed species were recorded, of which 29 exceeded the 10% frequency level of occurrence. The average number of weed species per field was 10 under conventional cropping and 18 under organic cropping. The most frequent weed species in both cropping practices were Chenopodium album, Stellaria media and Viola arvensis. Elymus repens was the most frequent grass species. The difference in species composition under conventional and organic cropping was detected with Redundancy Analysis. Under conventional cropping, features of crop stand and weed control explained 38.7% and 37.6% of the variation respectively. Under organic cropping the age of crop stand and field location (y co-ordinate) respectively explained best the variation. Weeds could be efficiently managed with herbicides under conventional cropping, but they represented a significant problem for organic production. Mixed cultivation of pea with cereals is recommended, particularly for organic cropping, as it favours crop competition against weeds.;

scholarly journals Impact of different soil cultivation on weed species in winter rape (oilseed)

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
Jan Winkler ◽  
Věra Zelená
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Ecological Data ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Number Of Factors

A community of weeds and crops is affected by a number of factors, including, among other things, also tillage. In the years 2000–2002, the composition of weed species in rape stands was evaluated on the fields with the total area of 551 hectares (1 hectar equals to some 2.47 acres). The evaluation was carried out with the application of methodology developed by Kühn (1982). On the fields located in the cadastral area of Olomouc – Holice, which had been cultivated in a traditional manner, 115 relevés were recorded. On the fields in the cadastral area of Bohuňovice, which had been cultivated with the application of reduced tillage, 97 relevés were recorded and evaluated. All of the above fields were subjected to the application of chemical agents reducing the occurrence of weeds. The data thus received were processed by means of multidimensional analysis of ecological data with the application of a RDA method (Redundancy Analysis). In the course of three years, 75 weed species were found on the fields under conventional tillage, on the average, 8.2 species per a relevé, while 66 weed species were found during the same period of time on the fields cultivated by means of reduced tillage, on the average, 8.6 species per a relevé. The application of RDA analysis enabled us to sort out the selected species of weeds (i.e. those the frequency of occurrence of which exceeded 15 %) into three groups. The conditions provided by the conventional tillage appeared to be more satisfactory for the weed species included in the first group (Arctium tomentosum, Elytrigia repens, Helianthus tuberosus, Chenopodium album, Lolium perenne and Papaver rhoeas). The species included in the second group, i.e. Alsinula media, Apera spica-venti, Atriplex patula, Bromus sterilis, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Equisetum arvense, Fallopia convolvulus, Myosotis arvensis and Thlaspi arvense., responded to reduced tillage by the increase in cover or by increased frequency of occurrence. The third group consists of species such as: Cirsium arvense, Chamomilla recutita, Galium aparine, Lactuca serriola, Matricaria maritima, Triticum aestivum and Viola arvensis. Their cover and frequency of occurrence were in a more degree influenced by factors different from the type of tillage. The manner of tillage appears to be only one of a number of factors that affect the occurrence of weed species. It influences them together with other factors and it is a factor of polyfunctional nature.

Weed Species Shifts with Increasing Field Age in Alaska

Weed Science ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery S. Conn ◽  
John A. Delapp
Keyword(s):  
Introduced Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum

Vegetative cover of weeds was determined in 84 agricultural fields representing a number of crops in Alaska. Multivariate statistical techniques were used with weed, soil, and management data to determine if weed vegetation was related to particular environmental and management variables. Field age was the variable that best explained the variation in vegetation composition. In fields recently cleared, native species were most important, being replaced by introduced weed species with increasing field age. Field horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) was an exceptional native species that persisted under cultivation. Total weed cover was low in the first few years of cultivation, but increased as introduced species such as common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), common chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], quackgrass [Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.], and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatum L.) became more prevalent. A number of introduced species such as hempnettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) and Pennsylvania smartweed (Polygonum pensylvanicum L.) were restricted to just a few fields, emphasizing the importance of using weed-free seed and other management practices to minimize the spread of introduced weeds.

scholarly journals Видовой состав сорных растений в агрофитоценозах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных областях: Ленинградской (Северо-Западный регион) и Липецкой (Центрально-Черноземный регион)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Н. Лунева
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Raphanus Raphanistrum ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Echinochloa Crusgalli ◽  
Polygonum Aviculare ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Fumaria Officinalis

Цель исследования – выявление различий в видовом составе сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в географически отдаленных регионах (СЗР и ЦЧР). Произведен сравнительный анализ данных обследования 30 полей зерновых культур в ряде районов Ленинградской области в 2014-2016 гг. и 29 полей в районах Липецкой области в 2016-2018 гг., осуществленных по оригинальной методике автора. Использованы традиционные методы флористического анализа, а также распределение видов по классам постоянства встречаемости. Различия между сегетальными элементами флоры зерновых культур двух областей заключаются в более высоких показателях флористического богатства и таксономического разнообразия в Ленинградской области, а также различной очередностью семейств в первых двух «триадах» сравниваемых флористических спектров. Более глубокие отличия заключаются не только в наличии дифференциальных видов (63 вида в посевах зерновых культур только в Ленинградской области и 45 видов в посевах зерновых только в Липецкой области), но и в разных показателях встречаемости одинаковых видов, засоряющих посевы зерновых культур в обоих регионах. К более высоким классам постоянства встречаемости в Ленинградской области, чем в Липецкой, относятся виды: Chenopodium album L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., Matricaria discoídea DC., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Thlaspi arvense L., Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevski, Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Fumaria officinalis L. и Fallopia convolvulus (L.) A. Loeve, Achillea millefolium L., Artemisia vulgaris L., Sonchus arvensis L., Myosotis arvensis (L.) Hill., Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke, Plantago major L., Persicaria lapathifolia (L.) S.F. Gray, Polygonum aviculare L. На территории Липецкой области такими видами являются – Silene praténsis (Rafn) Godr,. Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Galium aparine L., Convolvulus arvensis L. В засоренности посевов ячменя в разных областях также выявлены различия: зарегистрировано 42 вида сорных растений в посевах ячменя только Ленинградской области (среди которых доминирует Matricaria discoídea DC.) и 31 вид в посевах ячменя только в Липецкой области (среди которых доминируют Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv., и Amaranthus retroflexus L.). Из 29 одинаковых видов в посевах ячменя обеих областей, в Ленинградской области преобладают Chenopodium album L., Fumaria officinalis L., Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch. Bip., а в Липецкой Convolvulus arvensis L., Galeopsis tetrahit L., Raphanus raphanistrum L. Следовательно, фитосанитарный прогноз распространения видов сорных растений в посевах зерновых культур в целом, и в посевах ячменя, в частности, как и системы защиты от сорных растений будут отличаться в двух сравниваемых регионах.

scholarly journals Uptake of more important mineral components by common field weeds on loess soils

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Malicki ◽  
Czesława Berbeciowa
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Convolvulus Arvensis ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Polygonum Convolvulus ◽  
Mineral Components ◽  
Sonchus Arvensis

We have determined the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn in winter wheat, spring barley, sugar beets and winter rape, as well as in the most common weed species infesting these crops. It was established that the percentage of mineral components in the dry matter of the majority of weeds is higher than in that of the cultivated plants. The most dangerous weed species competing with plants for the investigated nutrients were: <i>Chenopodium album, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis, Polygonum convolvulus, Sonchus arvensis</i> and <i>Stellaria media</i>.

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