scholarly journals Nutritional value and amino acids composition of the mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) at different stages of its development

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Bąkowski ◽  
Ryszard Kosson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Agaricus Bisporus ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Stage 4

The study of the nutritional value and amino acid composition of the mushroom (<i>Agaricus bisporus</i>) was carried out with the Somycel 653 strain cultivated on a synthetic compost containing rye straw, broiler chicken manure and gypsum. In 4 developmental stages of the whole fruit-bodies and the caps and stipes the following were determined: dry matter, vitamin C, nitrates, total nitrogen, crude protein (N × 4.38) and amino acid composition. It was observed that in all stages of development the levels of total N and crude protein are significantly higher in the caps than in the stipes. From the amino acid composition it appears that the caps of stage 4 contain the highest amounts of essential and total amino acids as compared with caps, stipes and whole sporophores found in any developmental stage. This is correlated with the opening of the mushrooms in stage 4. It was observed that the nitrates level tends, to be higher in the cap than in the stipe.

scholarly journals Пищевая ценность телятины как важнейший критерий оценки мясного сырья для детского питания

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 637-643
Author(s):  
T.L. Holubenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Baby Food ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Balanced Diet

<p><span lang="EN-US">The aim of the research is to assess the amino acid composition of veal from different genotype bull-calves concerning the usage in baby food production. A comparative analysis of the essential amino acids content in meat of calves of <span>black-and-white motley breed,</span> Aberdeen Angus breed and black and white crossbreeds grown according to the traditional technology of dairy cattle breeding hasn’t showed any significant differences. However, some differences were observed for each separate amino acid. Although the difference in amino acids was 2. 9% in favor of <span>black-and-white motley breed</span>. According to the amino acid composition, the calves meat of Charolais breed is biologically more complete than the Aberdeen Angus calves meat of the first generation in the valine content by 7.4%, isoleucine by 45.3% (P &lt;0.001), leucine by 15.2% (P &lt;0.001), lysine by 7.8%, threonine and phenylalanine + tyrosine by 6.5% (P &lt;0.05) and 7.5% (P &lt;0.01), respectively. Amino acid content was limited by the sum of amino acids phenylalanine + tyrosine (80.2%) in purebreds and methionine + cystine (83.4%) in <span>crossbreeds</span>. The other amino acids content was more than 100%; it indicates a high biological and nutritional value of veal. In the first experiment, the degree of compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 37.4-38.2%. The human body's need for such essential amino acids as valine, isoleucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine is satisfied for more than 20%; the human body's need for leucine, lysine, and threoni9ne is satisfied for more than 30%. Veal of the Charolaise young is distinguished by higher indicators. The degree of its compliance with the norms of a balanced diet is 43.8% against 37.6% in hybrid calves. It is proved that veal obtained from young animals of different breeds in ecologically clean zones has a high biological and nutritional value, it corresponds to the indices for meat raw materials for baby food in accordance with Sanitary Norms 11-63 RB98.</span></p>

Amino acid composition of xylem and phloem sap varies in canola genotypes differing in nitrogen- and sulfur-use efficiency

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Balint ◽  
Zdenko Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Total N ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

There is little information on amino acid composition of xylem and phloem sap in canola genotypes differing in use efficiency of nitrogen (N) and/or sulfur (S). Four canola genotypes with either high or low N- and/or S-use efficiency indices were grown in a glasshouse using deficient or adequate N and/or S supply. Xylem sap was obtained by vacuum extraction 46 days after sowing. Phloem sap was collected via bleeding from the petioles of the maturing siliques 120 days after sowing. Among the genotypes, Wesway (N-use efficient) had the highest concentrations of total N, glutamine (235 mmol/L), and asparagine (14 mmol/L) in the xylem sap in the vegetative stage. In contrast, genotype Westar (classified previously as N-use inefficient) had the highest concentrations of most amino acids in the phloem sap among genotypes grown at deficient N supply. Compared with the other tested genotypes, Surpass 402 CL (S-use efficient) had a higher concentration of S, and Karoo (S-use inefficient) had higher concentrations of glutamate and methionine, in the xylem sap in the vegetative stage. Similarly, Karoo had a higher concentration of methionine under adequate S supply and of glutamate under deficient S in the phloem sap at maturity. In conclusion, in canola phloem sap, the most important amino acid for N transport is glutamine, and for S transport methionine and the glutathione-precursor glutamate. It does not appear there is a relationship between differential N- or S-use efficiency of canola genotypes and the concentration of N- or S-transporting amino acids in the phloem sap.

A note on the amino acid composition of sow's milk

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (03) ◽  
pp. 500-502
Author(s):  
R. H. King ◽  
C. J. Rayner ◽  
M. Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Lactating Sows ◽  
Protein Output

Effects of dietary protein concentration on the amino acid composition of sow's milk was studied using 10 crossbred first-litter sows. At parturition, diets containing similar concentrations of digestible energy but with either 63 or 238 g crude protein per kg and 4.4 and 15.1 g lysine per kg respectively, were given through lactation (five sows per treatment). The ratios of other amino acids to lysine were in excess of those currently recommended for lactating sows. Dietary protein level significantly affected milk yield, gave higher milk protein output (P&gt; 0.05) but was without significant effect on the proportions of amino acids in the milk.

ORGANIC NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION IN SELECTED PEATS AND PEAT FRACTIONS

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. SOWDEN ◽  
H. MORITA ◽  
M. LEVESQUE
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Amide ◽  
Amino Sugar ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total N ◽  
Mesh Material ◽  
The Individual

The nitrogenous products formed by 6 N HCl hydrolysis of a variety of peats including a cultivated mesic profile, a virgin humic profile, a sedge, a woody and a sphagnum fibric peat were studied. Peat fractions separated according to particle size, woody and herbaceous materials isolated from a peat sample, and Typha and Carex plants growing on peat soils were also analyzed. Of the two profiles examined, the cultivated mesic peat showed significant quantitative changes in the content of individual amino acids throughout the profile. Also the amino sugar and amino acid N increased to a maximum, then decreased. On the other hand, the virgin humic peat profile exhibited random variations in the content of the individual amino acids and in the amount of amino acid N. Of the other peats examined, the fibric sphagnum had the highest percentage of amino acid N. Among the separates, the 100- to 200-mesh material had the highest proportion of amino acid N. The amino acid composition of the plant remains from the peat was similar to that of the peat from which it was isolated. The amino acid composition of the Typha and Carex plants was different from that of peat in that 75% of their total N content could be accounted for on the basis of amino acid, amide and amino sugar N. The amounts of hydroxyproline and the amino sugars in peats vary more than that of the amino compounds. In contrast to inorganic soils, which tend to have a similar amino acid composition, these limited data suggest that the amino acid and amino sugar contents of peats may be characteristic of individual bogs.

scholarly journals Mineral and Amino Acid Composition of Germinated and Canned Wheat Grains

2019 ◽  
pp. 513-521
Author(s):  
Maria Zenkova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Wheat Grains ◽  
Mineral Substances ◽  
Technological Processing

Introduction. Grain germination can improve the nutritional value and functional properties of grain. The research featured the effect of technological processing on the quality of the finished product as in the case of natural, germinated, and canned wheat grains. A set of experiments was conducted to define the mineral substances and amino acid composition as factors that affect the chemical composition of a product during its production. Study objects and methods. The research featured soft wheat grain, germinated wheat grain, and canned germinated wheat grain. The latter consisted of 55% of pre-treated germinated wheat grain and 45% of filling, which contained 4.5% of sugar and 3.5% of salt. The content of mineral substances was determined by atomic-emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma using an atomicemission spectrometer Optima 2100 DV (USA). The amino acid composition was determined using a liquid chromatograph Agilent 1200 (USA). Results and discussion. 100 grams of canned germinated grain contained about 15% of daily manganese, 12% of chromium (III), 8.4% of copper, and 8.3% of zinc. Canned germinated wheat demonstrated a high biological protein value and contained 20.6% of essential amino acids. As for amino acids, canned germinated wheat grains had a high content of proline (958.4 mg/100 g) and glutamic acid (2456.4 mg/100 g). The characteristics of the nutritional value of canned protein from germinated wheat grains included amino acid rate, amino acid feedstock difference coefficient (AAFDC), and potential biological value (PBV). The proteins of canned germinated wheat appeared inferior in their amino acid composition and contained insufficient amounts of lysine and threonine. The coefficient of differences in amino acid scores was 71.9%, while the potential biological value of the protein was 28.1%. Conclusion. Germinated grains have a certain set of minerals and amino acids in their composition. Therefore, they can be used to develop canned foods or dishes for public catering industry. The effect of technological processing on the mineral composition of the finished product resulted in the loss of mineral substances from 45 to 85%. Moreover, germinated wheat should be combined with products that are rich in lysine and threonine.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION AND ANTI-TYROSINASE ACTIVITY OF METABOLITES FROM EDIBLE Pleurotus SPECIES FOR THEIR NUTRITIONAL AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 837-850
Author(s):  
Iyabo O. Omomowo ◽  
Comfort O. Bamigboye ◽  
Olawale I. Omomowo ◽  
Olusola N. Majolagbe ◽  
Adijat F. Ogundola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Tyrosinase Activity ◽  
Environmental Study ◽  
Mushroom Tyrosinase ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Pleurotus Species

Mushrooms are being extensively researched due to their nutritional value and medicinal importance. The genus Pleurotus is the second most cultivated mushroom and is known for its high nutritional value, therapeutic properties, taste, flavor, as well as their application in biotechnology and environmental study. Also, tyrosinase is prevalent in most living organisms. The enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of monophenols to ortho-quinones in a two-step reaction process. This study was aimed to assess the amino acid composition and anti-tyrosinase activity of metabolites obtained from edible Pleurotus species. Assessment of the nutritional content and inhibitory studies of mushroom tyrosinase produced from four Pleurotus strains was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The results of the study showed that seventeen different amino acids were identified in the crude and partially purified protein metabolites. Also, the crude extract metabolite had the highest quantity of amino acids than the partially purified. The highest and lowest amino acids value Glutamic acid (1343.26 µmol/mL) and valine (0.34 µmol/mL). The anti-tyrosinase inhibition studies of the four Pleurotus strains showed varying results from significantly inhibitory effects to slightly inhibitory effects on mushroom tyrosinase. The highest inhibition was 14.86% (Pleu-W), while the lowest inhibition was 51.42% (Plof-30) respectively. The high point of this study is that the Pleurotus species contains a significant number of amino acids and also, they possess good anti-tyrosinase activity. Therefore, these are a good source of nutritional and therapeutic metabolites and these can be explored further for their nutritional and medicinal importance to man.

scholarly journals AMINO-ACID COMPOSITION OF ATRIPLEX PATULA L. AND AMARANTHUS RETROFLEXUS L. (AMARANTHACE-AE) GROWING IN CENTRAL YAKUTIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Иван (Ivan) Васильевич (Vasil'evich) Воронов (Voronov)
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Central Yakutia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Promising Source

The research goal is comparative study the amino acid composition of seeds and leaves of Atriplex patula L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. from the flora of Central Yakutia (the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). Leaves and seeds of A. patula and A. retroflexus were sampled in August 2016 in the fruiting phase. Biochemical and amino acid composition, the content of crude protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus of the abovementioned plants was studied at the premises of the State budgetary institution of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) "Yakut Republican Veterinary Testing Laboratory". From 14 studied amino acids, 9 are stated to be irreplaceable. The total amount of the studied amino acids in A. patula made up 3.3±0.2% in leaves and 3.6±0.2% in seeds; while A. retroflexus contained 4.2±0.2% in leaves and 3.8±0.2% in seeds. The irreplaceable amino acid composition included lysine, leucine and isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, histidine, and phenylalanine. The interchangeable amino acid composition was represented by tyrosine, proline, serine, alanine and glycine. The sum of irreplaceable amino acids in A. patula made up 2.07±0.10% in leaves and 2.30±0.12% in seeds; in A. retroflexus the irreplaceable amino acids totaled 2.63±0.13% in leaves and 2.20±0.11% in seeds. It should be noted that histidine is absent in seeds and the low content of phenylalanine in seeds – 2.8 times and leaves – 4.5 times in A. patula compared to A. retroflexus. The obtained data indicate that in the leaves and seeds of A. retroflexus in comparison with A. patula, the content of crude protein is 1.5 times higher, the calcium content is higher to 2.3 times, the phosphorus content is lower: in leaves 3.3 times, in seeds - in 1.4 times. The results of the study show the biological value and perspectivity of the two studied species as a promising source of natural biological active substances to be used in medicine and agriculture.

scholarly journals Variability Russian Rice Varieties in Essential Amino Acids Composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02046
Author(s):  
Yulia Goncharova ◽  
Svetlana Verechagina ◽  
Nikolay Ochkas ◽  
Sergey Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Amino Acids Composition ◽  
White Grain

Rice contains antioxidants, minerals, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins that make it a functional food. A dozen times higher content of antioxidants was noted in black-grain and red-grain rice varieties as compared to white-grain ones. In terms of protein content, color and white-grain varieties do not differ significantly. The protein composition largely determines the nutritional value and functional properties, as well as the texture and taste of rice. Although rice contains less protein than many cereals, its biological value is highest due to balanced composition of amino acids. Nutritional value of different rice varieties varies greatly due to different amino acid composition. Determination of amino acid composition was carried out on devices Kapel 105 - M. In the work used 50 collection samples of rice. The variability was studied and the sources were identified among domestic rice varieties. To create a new generation varieties with more balanced amino acid composition, it is necessary both to isolate sources with a high content of individual amino acids, and varieties with high characteristics in terms of content complex of amino acids, especially essential ones.

scholarly journals Differences in the amino acid composition of the breast muscle of wild and farmed pheasants

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 309-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brudnicki ◽  
A. Kułakowska ◽  
D. Pietruszyńska ◽  
M. Łożyca-Kapłon ◽  
J. Wach
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Breast Muscle ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Biological Value

Numerous studies show the slaughter yield and also basic chemical composition of pheasant meat. The results reveal a higher biological value of the meat of pheasants which were fed naturally, in comparison to the meat of pheasants fed with commercial mixtures. In many countries, the pheasant is selected with the aim of producing high quality meat with very desirable nutritional values. There are only few publications on amino acid composition of pheasant meat. The knowledge of amino acid composition of pheasant meat can be used to determine its potential nutritional value. The amino acid compositions were compared of the meats of wild and farm pheasants. In the study, the following amino acids were determined: Asp, Thr, Ser, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, Val, Ile, Leu, Tyr, Phe, His, Lys, Arg. An improved amino acid profile was found in the breast muscle of pheasants kept at the farm in comparison with that of wild pheasants. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effect of feed composition on the nutritional value of meat of African catfish

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00134
Author(s):  
L. A. Shadieva ◽  
E. M. Romanova ◽  
V. N. Lyubomirova ◽  
V. V. Romanov ◽  
T. M. Shlenkina
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Composition

The article outlines the results of the research into the influence of feed composition on the amino acid value of African catfish meat. It has been shown that quality characteristics of fish meat depend on protein and fat content. It has been proved that high-protein feed ensures increase in the content of all amino acids in African catfish meat. Nevertheless, protein and fat content in the muscles of the studied fish is more than 2 times higher than the same indicator in the fish on low-protein and low-fat diet. Meat of the African catfish is rich in two amino acids – leucine and lysine. Two amino acids, tryptophan and methionine, are limitative at a high protein diet. At a lower protein diet, isoleucine amino acid is also added. The amino acid composition of African catfish meat is highest at high-protein feeds. The amino acid index of African catfish muscles at high-protein feeds is 0.48, significantly exceeding the index of fish bred on feeds with a reduced protein content. The conducted studies have shown that the use of high-protein feeds in catfish breeding stimulates protein metabolism, enriching the amino acid composition of muscle tissue and increasing the nutritional value of fish as a food product. The research has been funded by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research, project No. 18-016-00127.

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