scholarly journals Fatty acid and sterol contents during tulip leaf senescence induced by methyl jasmonate

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
Janusz Czapski ◽  
Marcin Horbowicz
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Bottom Surface ◽  
Induced Changes

It has been shown previously that methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) applied in lanolin paste on the bottom surface of intact tulip leaves causes a rapid and intense its senescence. The aim of this work was to study the effect of JA-Me on free and bound fatty acid and sterol contents during tulip leaf senescence. The main free and bound fatty acids of tulip leaf, in decreasing order of their abundance, were linolenic, linoleic, palmitic, oleic, stearic and myristic acids. Only the content of free linolenic acid decreased after treatment with JA-Me during visible stage of senescence. ß-Sitosterol (highest concentration), campesterol, stigmasterol and cholesterol were identified in tulip leaf. Methyl jasmonate evidently increased the level of ß-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol during induced senescence. It is suggested that the increase in sterol concentrations under the influence of methyl jasmonate induced changes in membrane fluidity and permeability, which may be responsible for senescence.

scholarly journals Explore the gene network regulating the composition of fatty acids in cottonseed

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Ma ◽  
Xinqi Cheng ◽  
Chuan Wang ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Fei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Gene Network ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Accumulation Pattern ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Background Cottonseed is one of the major sources of vegetable oil. Analysis of the dynamic changes of fatty acid components and the genes regulating the composition of fatty acids of cottonseed oil is of great significance for understanding the biological processes underlying biosynthesis of fatty acids and for genetic improving the oil nutritional qualities. Results In this study, we investigated the dynamic relationship of 13 fatty acid components at 12 developmental time points of cottonseed (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and generated cottonseed transcriptome of the 12 time points. At 5–15 day post anthesis (DPA), the contents of polyunsaturated linolenic acid (C18:3n-3) and saturated stearic acid (C18:0) were higher, while linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) was mainly synthesized after 15 DPA. Using 5 DPA as a reference, 15,647 non-redundant differentially expressed genes were identified in 10–60 DPA cottonseed. Co-expression gene network analysis identified six modules containing 3275 genes significantly associated with middle-late seed developmental stages and enriched with genes related to the linoleic acid metabolic pathway and α-linolenic acid metabolism. Genes (Gh_D03G0588 and Gh_A02G1788) encoding stearoyl-ACP desaturase were identified as hub genes and significantly up-regulated at 25 DPA. They seemed to play a decisive role in determining the ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids. FAD2 genes (Gh_A13G1850 and Gh_D13G2238) were highly expressed at 25–50 DPA, eventually leading to the high content of C18:2n-6 in cottonseed. The content of C18:3n-3 was significantly decreased from 5 DPA (7.44%) to 25 DPA (0.11%) and correlated with the expression characteristics of Gh_A09G0848 and Gh_D09G0870. Conclusions These results contribute to our understanding on the relationship between the accumulation pattern of fatty acid components and the expression characteristics of key genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis during the entire period of cottonseed development.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Membrane Fluidity Regulation of Fatty Acid Intracellular Distribution by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Novel Polarity Sensitive Fluorescent Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3106
Author(s):  
Giada Bianchetti ◽  
Salome Azoulay-Ginsburg ◽  
Nimrod Yosef Keshet-Levy ◽  
Aviv Malka ◽  
Sofia Zilber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime ◽  
Intracellular Distribution ◽  
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Lifetime Imaging ◽  
Fatty Acid Derivatives ◽  
Polarity Sensitive

Free fatty acids are essential structural components of the cell, and their intracellular distribution and effects on membrane organelles have crucial roles in regulating the metabolism, development, and cell cycle of most cell types. Here we engineered novel fluorescent, polarity-sensitive fatty acid derivatives, with the fatty acid aliphatic chain of increasing length (from 12 to 18 carbons). As in the laurdan probe, the lipophilic acyl tail is connected to the environmentally sensitive dimethylaminonaphthalene moiety. The fluorescence lifetime imaging analysis allowed us to monitor the intracellular distribution of the free fatty acids within the cell, and to simultaneously examine how the fluidity and the microviscosity of the membrane environment influence their localization. Each of these probes can thus be used to investigate the membrane fluidity regulation of the correspondent fatty acid intracellular distribution. We observed that, in PC-12 cells, fluorescent sensitive fatty acid derivatives with increased chain length compartmentalize more preferentially in the fluid regions, characterized by a low microviscosity. Moreover, fatty acid derivatives with the longest chain compartmentalize in lipid droplets and lysosomes with characteristic lifetimes, thus making these probes a promising tool for monitoring lipophagy and related events.

Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 encodes an ω3 fatty acid desaturase

Microbiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 150 (6) ◽  
pp. 1983-1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Oura ◽  
Susumu Kajiwara
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturases ◽  
Desaturase Gene ◽  
Saccharomyces Kluyveri ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase Gene

Fungi, like plants, are capable of producing the 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. These fatty acids are synthesized by catalytic reactions of Δ12 and ω3 fatty acid desaturases. This paper describes the first cloning and functional characterization of a yeast ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene. The deduced protein encoded by the Saccharomyces kluyveri FAD3 gene (Sk-FAD3) consists of 419 amino acids, and shows 30–60 % identity with Δ12 fatty acid desaturases of several eukaryotic organisms and 29–31 % identity with ω3 fatty acid desaturases of animals and plants. During Sk-FAD3 expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, α-linolenic acid accumulated only when linoleic acid was added to the culture medium. The disruption of Sk-FAD3 led to the disappearance of α-linolenic acid in S. kluyveri. These findings suggest that Sk-FAD3 is the only ω3 fatty acid desaturase gene in this yeast. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of Sk-FAD3 appears to be regulated by low-temperature stress in a manner different from the other fatty acid desaturase genes in S. kluyveri.

scholarly journals Fatty acid chemistry of Atrichum undulatum and Hypnum andoi

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Ljubodrag Vujisic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Vlatka Vajs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Moss Species

The fatty acid composition of the moss species Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) and Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) collected in winter time were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a contribution to their chemistry. Eight fatty acids were identified in the chloroform/methanol extract 1:1 of A. undulatum (linoleic acid 26.80%, palmitic acid 22.17%, ?-linolenic acid 20.50%, oleic acid 18.49%, arachidonic acid 6.21%, stearic acid 3.34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 1.52% and behenic acid 1.01%), while six fatty acids were found in the same type of extract of H. andoi (palmitic acid 63.48%, erucic acid 12.38%, stearic acid 8.08%, behenic acid 6.26%, lignoceric acid 5.16% and arachidic acid 4.64%). According to this study, the moss A. undulatum can be considered as a good source of both essential fatty acids for humans (linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid) during the winter.

scholarly journals Deficiency of Linolenic Acid in Lefad7 Mutant Tomato Changes the Volatile Profile and Sensory Perception of Disrupted Leaf and Fruit Tissue

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio A. Cañoles ◽  
Randolph M. Beaudry ◽  
Chuanyou Li ◽  
Gregg Howe
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Mutant Line ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Line Production ◽  
Fruit Tissue

Six-carbon aldehydes and alcohols formed by tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) leaf and fruit tissue following disruption are believed to be derived from the degradation of lipids and free fatty acids. Collectively, these C-6 volatiles comprise some of the most important aroma impact compounds. If fatty acids are the primary source of tomato volatiles, then an alteration in the fatty acid composition such as that caused by a mutation in the chloroplastic omega-3-fatty acid desaturase (ω-3 FAD), referred to as LeFAD7, found in the mutant line of `Castlemart' termed Lefad7, would be reflected in the volatile profile of disrupted leaf and fruit tissue. Leaves and fruit of the Lefad7 mutant had ≈10% to 15% of the linolenic acid (18:3) levels and about 1.5- to 3-fold higher linoleic acid (18:2) levels found in the parent line. Production of unsaturated C-6 aldehydes Z-3-hexenal, Z-3-hexenol, and E-2-hexenal and the alcohol Z-3-hexenol derived from 18:3 was markedly reduced in disrupted leaf and fruit tissue of the Lefad7 mutant line. Conversely, the production of the saturated C-6 aldehyde hexanal and its alcohol, hexanol, were markedly higher in the mutant line. The shift in the volatile profile brought about by the loss of chloroplastic FAD activity in the Lefad7 line was detected by sensory panels at high significance levels (P < 0.0005) and detrimentally affected fruit sensory quality. The ratios and amounts of C-6 saturated and unsaturated aldehydes and alcohols produced by tomato were dependent on substrate levels, suggesting that practices that alter the content of linoleic and linolenic acids or change their ratios can influence tomato flavor.

Enterotoxin B production by Staphylococcus aureus under controlled fatty acid nutrition induced by cerulenin

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1145-1150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Altenbern
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Enterotoxin B ◽  
Fatty Acid Supplement

Cells of Staphylococcus aureus, strain S-6, can grow in the presence of 100 μg of cerulenin/ml if the basal medium is supplemented with certain saturated or unsaturated fatty acids. The production of enterotoxin B (SEB) is markedly influenced by both the ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acid and by the melting point of the unsaturated fatty acid supplement. The results presented suggest that a certain degree of membrane fluidity promotes maximum SEB production and that greater or lesser degrees of membrane fluidity prohibit substantial SEB formation but fail to affect final growth density.

The fatty acid composition of grass silages

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 35-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Dewhurst ◽  
P.J. King
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fish Oils ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acid ◽  
Grass Silage

Ruminant products have been criticised for the possible adverse effects of their saturated fatty acids on human health. Conversely, the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably those in fish oils, have been identified as beneficial components of the human diet. Earlier studies have shown that a small, but useful, amount of forage α-linolenic acid (C18:3), an omega-3 fatty acid, appears in ruminant products (Wood and Enser, 1996). The objective of the current work was to evaluate the range of α-linolenic acid concentrations in laboratory grass silages in order to assess the opportunities to modify ensiling techniques to increase the natural delivery of omega-3 fatty acid from grass silage to milk or meat.

scholarly journals The Decrease of n-3 Fatty Acid Energy Percentage in an Equicaloric Diet Fed to B6C3Fe Mice for Three Generations Elicits Obesity

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingeborg Hanbauer ◽  
Ignacio Rivero-Covelo ◽  
Ekrem Maloku ◽  
Adam Baca ◽  
Qiaoyan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Standard Diet

Feeding mice, over 3 generations, an equicaloric diet in which α-linolenic acid, the dietary precursor of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, was substituted by linoleic acid, the dietary precursor of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, significantly increased body weight throughout life when compared with standard diet-fed mice. Adipogenesis observed in the low n-3 fatty acid mice was accompanied by a 6-fold upregulation of stearyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1), whose activity is correlated to plasma triglyceride levels. In total liver lipid and phospholipid extracts, the sum of n-3 fatty acids and the individual longer carbon chain acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n3), and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3) were significantly decreased whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n6) was significantly increased. In addition, low n-3 fatty acid-fed mice had liver steatosis, heart, and kidney hypertrophy. Hence, reducing dietary α-linolenic acid, from 1.02 energy% to 0.16 energy% combined with raising linoleic acid intake resulted in obesity and had detrimental consequences on organ function.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus paracasei A13 and High-Pressure Homogenization Stress Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Siroli ◽  
Giacomo Braschi ◽  
Samantha Rossi ◽  
Davide Gottardi ◽  
Francesca Patrignani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fluidity ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽  
High Pressure Homogenization ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Fatty Acid Composition

Sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments applied to Lactobacillus paracasei A13 demonstrated to be a useful strategy to enhance technological and functional properties without detrimental effects on the viability of this strain. Modification of membrane fatty acid composition is reported to be the main regulatory mechanisms adopted by probiotic lactobacilli to counteract high-pressure stress. This work is aimed to clarify and understand the relationship between the modification of membrane fatty acid composition and the expression of genes involved in fatty acid biosynthesis in Lactobacillus paracasei A13, before and after the application of different sub-lethal hyperbaric treatments. Our results showed that Lactobacillus paracasei A13 activated a series of reactions aimed to control and stabilize membrane fluidity in response to high-pressure homogenization treatments. In fact, the production of cyclic fatty acids was counterbalanced by the unsaturation and elongation of fatty acids. The gene expression data indicate an up-regulation of the genes accA, accC, fabD, fabH and fabZ after high-pressure homogenization treatment at 150 and 200 MPa, and of fabK and fabZ after a treatment at 200 MPa suggesting this regulation of the genes involved in fatty acids biosynthesis as an immediate response mechanism adopted by Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to high-pressure homogenization treatments to balance the membrane fluidity. Although further studies should be performed to clarify the modulation of phospholipids and glycoproteins biosynthesis since they play a crucial role in the functional properties of the probiotic strains, this study represents an important step towards understanding the response mechanisms of Lactobacillus paracasei A13 to sub-lethal high-pressure homogenization treatments.

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