scholarly journals Influence of the dynamics of seed sprouting on the differentiation of morphological features of tomato seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Ewa Rożek ◽  
Jan Dyduch

The aim of the present study was to determine the relation between the quality of seed germination and morphological differentiation of seedlings of the studied tomato cultivars. The seeds of very early tomato cultivars (Beta, Betalux. Promyk) compared to the semi-early New Yorker cultivar treated as control were subjected to evaluation. lt was found out that their germination rate significantly affected the quantity of obtained seedlings. The seedlings gr()wii ~oiii seeds that germinated after 5 days were significantly higher than those that germinated after 7 0r l0 days. They also had higher number of leaves. larger diameter of root collar and higher fresh mass.

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Ewa Rożek

The influence of seed germination dynamics on selected features of the seedling of 4 tomato cultivars (Beta, Betalux, Promyk, New Yorker) meant for field cultivation were investigated. It was shown that flowering was the earliest in combinations with plants received from the seeds of the fastest germination, while the greatest delay of flowering was observed in plants received from the seeds of the longest germination (after 10 days). Plants grown from the seeds which had germinated the fastest were significantly higher, had greater average number of leaves, and had greater mass than plants from the seeds germinating longer. Further observations carried out at the moment of flowering of plants of all combinations did not show any significant differences in terms of investigated features except average height of plants.


Author(s):  
В.Т. Нгуен ◽  
А.В. Жигунов

Для создания каучуконосных плантаций гевеи бразильской (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) во Вьетнаме обычно используют однолетние саженцы с закрытой корневой системой, выращенные из сеянцев. Потребность в посадочном материале гевеи бразильской все возрастает, особенно если учесть, что применяются все более продуктивные сорта и клоны. Поэтому разработка методов оценки посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской во всем мире очень востребова- на. Целью нашего исследования было определение влияния массы семян на их всхожесть и биометрические параметры сеянцев. Семена гевеи бразильской были собраны в августе 2015 г. во Вьетнаме на лесосеменной плантации 18–20-летнего возраста в провинции Донгнай. Поскольку для определения посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской во Вьетнаме ГОСТ не разработан. авторы определяли всхожесть и энергию прорастания на торфяном субстрате в пластиковых кассетах, что позволило не только рекомендовать этот метод для определения посевных качеств семян, но и провести апробацию технологии выращивания контейнеризированных сеянцев. Как показали наблюдения, первые всходы гевеи бразильской появились на девятый день после посева семян. Всхожесть семян определяли на 20-й день после посева. Максимальная всхожесть семян достигает 58,0%. Минимальная составляет всего 16,4%. Всхожесть семян гевеи бразильской зависит от исходной массы семян. Семена с массой до 3,1 г имеют низкую всхожесть до 2,5%. Семена гевеи бразильской с массой более 4,5 г также имею низкую всхожесть до 1,4%. Лучшее показатели всхожести семян гевеи бразильской мы имеем во фракции средних по массе семян от 3,2 до 4,8 г. Всхожесть семян этой фракции может достигать 54%. Таким образом определение посевных качеств семян гевеи бразильской можно проводить методом проращивания семян в кассетах, заполненных питательным торфяным субстратом. Определение биометрических показателей сеянцев гевеи бразильской проводили на 55-й день после посева. Достоверной разницы по высоте и диаметру корневой шейки сеянцев, выращенных из семян различных групп по массе семян не обнаружено. Масса семян гевеи бра- зильской в основном определяет их всхожесть. В теплице летнего типа в ботани- ческом саду Санкт-Петербургского лесотехнического университета в кассетах Plantek-81, заполненных стандартным торфяным субстратом, сеянцы достигли высоты 21–25 см, диаметра корневой шейки 1,7–2,3 мм за 55 дней после посева. Поэтому способ выращивания контейнеризированных сеянцев гевеи бразильской может быть рекомендован и для условий Вьетнама. Plantations of Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) in Vietnam are usually established with one-year-old containerized transplants grown from seedlings. The need for planting material of Hevea brasiliensis is increasing, and so is the demand for more productive kinds of this species and clones. This being so, the development of methods for assessing the sowing quality of Hevea brasiliensis seeds is of significant importance in many countries. The purpose of our research was to determine the influence of the seed mass on their germination and the biometric parameters of seedlings. Seeds of Hevea brasiliensis were collected in August 2015 in Vietnam on an 18–20 year-old seed-growing plantation in the province of Dongnai. Since there is no standard for determining the sowing quality of Hevea brasiliensis seeds in Vietnam, we determined the germination capacity and energy on peat substrate in plastic cassettes, which allowed us not only to recommend the proposed method for determining the sowing quality of seeds, but also to test the technology of growing containerized seedlings. The observations have shown that the first shoots of Hevea brasiliensis appeared on the ninth day after sowing the seeds. Germination of seeds was determined on the 20th day after sowing. The maximum seed germination was 58.0%, whereas the minimum was only 16.4%. The germination capacity of Hevea brasiliensis seeds depends on the initial mass of the seeds. Seeds with mass below 3.1 g have a low germination rate of about 2.5%. Seeds with mass of more than 4.5 g also have a low germination rate of about 1.4%. The best germination of Hevea brasiliensis seeds was recorded in the fraction of medium-sized seeds from 3.2 to 4.5 g. The seed germination of this fraction can reach 54%. Thus, the sowing qualities of Hevea brasiliensis seeds can be determined by seed germination in cassettes filled with a nutrient peat substrate. The biometric parameters of the Hevea brasiliensis seedlings were determined on the 55th day after sowing. There was no significant difference in the height and diameter of the root collar of seedlings grown from seeds of different groups by the mass of the seeds. The mass of Hevea brasiliensis seeds mainly determines their germination. The seedlings that were grown in a summer greenhouse in the botanical garden of the St. Petersburg Forestry University in Plantek-81 cassettes filled with a standard peat substrate reached a height of 21–25 cm and the root collar diameter of 1.7–2.3 mm 55 days after sowing. The proposed method of growing containerized seedlings of Hevea brasiliensis can be recommended for the conditions of Vietnam as well.


FLORESTA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
José George Ferreira Medeiros ◽  
Aderson Costa Araujo Neto ◽  
Edcarlos Camilo Silva ◽  
Min Fu Nascimento Huang ◽  
Luciana Cordeiro Nascimento

As sementes são eficientes meios de disseminação e transmissão de patógenos e, frequentemente, introduzem novos focos de infecção em áreas isentas. A utilização de extratos de plantas com propriedades antimicrobianas são alternativas ecológicas e promissoras para substituir a proteção promovida pela aplicação de fungicidas. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito dos extratos de alamanda (Allamanda blanchetti L.) e melão-de-são-caetano (Momordica charantia L.) sobre a micoflora e a germinação de sementes de Caesalpinia ferrea. Para tanto, utilizaram-se lotes de sementes coletados em diferentes municípios paraibanos (Areia, Bananeiras, Conde e Remígio), os quais foram submetidos aos testes de sanidade e de germinação. Os tratamentos fitossanitários consistiram de Testemunha; Fungicida dicarboximida (240 g.100 kg-1) e extratos A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações de 10, 100, 500 e 1000 ppm. Constataram-se os fungos Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., R. stolonifer, Penicillium sp. e Nigrospora sp. nas sementes de C. ferrea. Os extratos de A. blanchetti e M. charantia nas concentrações de 500 e 1000 ppm reduziram a incidência de fungos. As maiores concentrações (500 e 1000 ppm) de ambos os extratos promoveram o aumento no percentual e na velocidade de germinação (IVG), bem como no comprimento das plântulas de C. ferrea.Palavras-chave: Patologia de sementes; micoflora; controle alternativo; germinação. AbstractSanitary quality of Caesalpinia ferrea seeds: incidence of fungi, control and effects on physiological quality with the use of plant extracts. Seeds are efficient to dissemination and transmission of pathogens and often introduce new foci of infection in exempted areas. The use of plant extracts with antimicrobial properties are promising and environmentally friendly alternatives to replace the protection promoted by the application of fungicides. We aimed to evaluate the effect of extracts of Allamanda blanchetti L. and Momordica charantia L. on the mycoflora and seed germination of Caesalpinia ferrea. We used lots of seeds collected in different cities of Paraiba (Areia, Bananeiras, Conde e Remígio), which were tested for germination and sanity. The phytosanitary treatments consisted of control, dicarboximide fungicide (240 g.100 Kg-1) and extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia at concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 ppm. We identified in the seeds of C. ferrea fungi Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Cladosporium sp., R. stolonifer, Penicillium sp. and Nigrospora sp. The extracts of A. blanchetti and M. charantia in concentrations of 500 and 1000 ppm reduced the incidence of fungi. The highest concentrations (500 and 1000 ppm) of both extracts increased percentage and germination rate (IVG) and length of seedlings of C. ferrea.Keywords: Pathology seed; mycoflora; alternative control; germination.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Alexandra Loredana Suciu ◽  
Cătălin Perneș ◽  
Camelia Giurgiu ◽  
Ana-Maria Păcurar ◽  
Laura Șopterean ◽  
...  

Effectiveness of fungicide treatments during vegetation is recognized as important conditioning factor for the health of wheat crops. Furthermore, quantity and quality of the harvested grain are fundamentally affected by the health state of the crop during vegetation. Aim of this research was to identify the influence exercised by a gradient of fungicide treatments applied to wheat crop on seed mycosis susceptibility after harvest. Seeds belonging to three wheat cultivars (‘Andrada’, ‘Codru’, ‘Exotic’) that received a number of 0-3 fungicide treatments with some commonly used commercial products during vegetation (Credo, Evolus, Acanto Plus), were screened for germination rate, Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. incidence. Overall seed germination frequency was 96%, Alternaria sp. frequency was 8.78% and Fusarium sp. frequency was 2.25%. Seeds from the crop that received three fungicide treatments during vegetation displayed 5.38% higher seed germination relative to control, decrease of Alternaria sp. frequency of 60.94% and decrease of Fusarium sp. frequency of 57.10% relative to control. Results suggest a decrease of seed mycotic load associated with increased number of fungicide treatments applied on the crop. Optimization of fungicide application might be possible by studying the influence of phenophase on the effectiveness of the treatments, and these aspects shall receive more attention in the future.


Author(s):  
Sulistyani Pancaningtyas ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso ◽  
Sudarsianto .

Study of germination methods conduct to get information about seed viability based on germination rate, percentage of germination and vigority. Germination methods was studied to get the efficiency and effectivity of germination, easy to handle, low costs with high vigority. Sand and gunny sack methods  for germination, need extensive place  and 3-4 days germination period after planting. This research will study the alternative of germination method with soaking. This method can be accelerating  germination rate and effectively place usage without decreasing the quality of cacao seedling.The research was done at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institue. This research consist of two experiment was arranged based on factorial completely random design. First experiment will observed to compared germination rate and the second experiment will observed seedling quality between soaking and wet gunny sack germination method.The results showed that length of radicel on soaking method longer than wet gunny sack method. Growth of radicel started from 2 hours after soaking, moreover length of radicel at 4 hours after soaking have significant different value with gunny sack method. On 24 hours after soaking have 3,69 mm and 0,681 mm on wet gunny sack treatment. Except lengt of hipocotyl, there is not different condition between seedling that out came  from soaking and wet gunny sack method. Length of hipocotyl on 36 hours after soaking have 9,15 cm and significant different between wet gunny sack germination method that have 5,40 cm. Keywords : seed germination, soaking method, Theobroma cacao L., cocoa seedlings


HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-37
Author(s):  
H.C. Wien ◽  
A.D. Turner

The blossom-end scarring of tomato fruit caused by exposure of the plant to cool weather during ovary formation, commonly termed catfacing, can also be induced by GA3 foliar sprays. To determine if GA3 treatment could serve as a cultivar screening tool to identify lines susceptible to the disorder, we compared the catfacing incidence in 14 fresh-market tomato cultivars after GAS sprays and in nontreated controls in two field experiments. In 1 year, removal of the plant's apex was also imposed. GA3 sprays (22 μm twice, applied 1 week apart to tomato seedlings ≈5 weeks old) increased catfacing incidence in both years and accentuated cultivar differences in the disorder. Topping did not increase catfacing significantly. The cultivars Valerie, Sunrise, and Basketvee were least affected by catfacing in the experiments, while `Starfire', `New Yorker', and `Olympic' had the highest percentage of catfaced fruit. The GA3 screening method shows promise for identifying cultivar differences in susceptibility to blossom-end scarring. Chemical name used: gibberellic acid (GA3).


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-354
Author(s):  
J. A. Opoku ◽  
J. N. Amissah ◽  
M. E. Essilfie ◽  
J. C. Norman

Three experiments were conducted in a plastic greenhouse at the Sinna Garden of the Crop Science Department of the University of Ghana, Legon, Accra to investigate into pre-sowing treatment (water treatment, growth regulator, and sulphuric acid scarification and water soaking) effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Bauhinia rufescens from October to December, 2011 and January to April, 2012, respectively. The experimental design used was complete randomized design. There were 4 treatments in experiment 1, 7 in experiment 2 and 6 in experiment 3. Each experiment was replicated five (5) times. The results showed that Bauhinia rufescens seeds soaked in hot water at 65 0 C for 60 minutes gave the highest mean germination rate, tallest plant height and highest number of leaves per plant at 49 days after soaking. It also had the widest stem diameter, highest fresh shoot and root weight, highest fresh root and dry root weight and number of roots per seedling. Seeds soaked in 500 ppm Gibberelic acid(GA3) produced the highest number of leaves per plant and tallest plants at 49 DAS. Seeds soaked in 750 ppm GA3 had the highest number of leaves per plant at 49 DAS and highest fresh shoot weight. Seeds soaked in 1000 ppm Promalin differed significantly from 500 ppm GA3 and the control in germination percentage. Seeds soaked in 1000 ppm Promalin differed significantly from 500 ppm GA3 and the control in germination percentage. Acid scarified seeds for 60 minutes plus soaking in tap water for 24 hours differed significantly from the seeds treated withother growth regulator rates plus 24 hours soaking in germination percentage. Acid scarified seeds for 45 minutes plus soaking in tap water for 24 hours had the tallest plant and highest number of leaves per plant at 49 DAS, widest stem diameter, highest fresh shoot and root weight and dry shoot weight. Soaking seeds in hot water at 65 0 C for 60 minutes and/or in acid (H2SO4) for 45 minutes plus soaking in tap water for 24 hours is recommended as pre-sowing treatment for Bauhinia rufescens for maximum mean germination rate and vigorous vegetative growth of seedlings.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464
Author(s):  
Xian-Zong XIA ◽  
Gregorio PADULA ◽  
Leszek KUBISZ ◽  
Roman HOŁUBOWICZ

In recent years, the application of magnetism in agriculture has been paid more and more attention to, especially in the field of its treatment on the seed germination and physiological indexes of seedlings grown out of them. In this experiment, the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seeds of two cultivars ‘Carmen’ and ‘Szkarłatna z Białym Końcem’ were treated by 20 mT low frequency magnetic field (LFMF) for 10, 30 and 60 minutes, respectively. The MF was generated from a Viofor JPS Delux - a patented device adopted from the routine medical magnetic therapy. By measuring their seed germination rate (energy), seedling length and fresh weight, it was proved that LFMF improved the seed quality of both radish cultivars and the best results were received for the longest exposing time. The received that way results were similar as reported for priming of radish seeds. The developed treatment has a great potential in replacing traditional seed priming methods. However, for its commercial use, for selected crops and cultivars, further research is still needed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-331
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
Gabriela Oliveira Cavalli ◽  
Thomas Dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Alana Grando Dornelles

A difficulty in the production of tomato seedlings in containers is to assure the production of shoot biomass with limited portion of roots, restricted to a small volume of substrate. Therefore, we investigated if substrates associated with tomato cultivars interfere in the seedling quality. In this study, the treatments used were two tomato cultivars and three substrates. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a two-factorial scheme (2 x 3), with four replications. We carried out the physical and chemical characterization of the substrates and evaluated the attributes of the shoot and the root system of tomato seedlings. The results showed that the substrate with the highest water retention was Horta 2® and the lightest material was TN Gold®. Still, seedlings produced on the substrate with greater water retention capacity had higher performance in relation to the shoot morphology and the root system morphology. We conclude that the seedling quality of tomato cultivars is not associated with the studied substrates and that seedlings produced in substrate with greater water retention have better quality.


Author(s):  
Sk Md Abu Imam Saadi ◽  
Amal Kumar Mondal

Now a day’s green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from plants has an important role in biomedical science, drug discovery and also in biological field. In this investigation, we synthesize AgNPs using the aqueous solution of the leaf extract of 4 indigenous plant samples such as –Abroma augusta, Barringtonia acutangula, Dillenia indica & Eupatorium odoratum in room temperature (35±2°C). After that, formation of AgNPs were confirmed by UV-VIS spectrum, the answered (435, 445, 430 & 440 nm), respectively. The average size of the AgNPs also confirmed by Particle size analyser (PAS), the B. acutangular species showed the best quality of silver nanoparticles among the other plant extracts. FTIR analysis showed that five biomolecule groups like phenols, aromatic, alkyne, alkane and alkene were found in among these plant samples. Our findings suggest that the seed germination percentage, relative seed germination rate, relative shoot & root growth and germination index of the tested plant depends upon concentration gradient of synthesize AgNPs. At 0.6 mg/ml concentration, the tested plant samples give the best favorable growth condition.


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