Parietaria pensylvanicu Mühlenb. ex Willd. - potentialities of migration from park habitats to segetal communities

Parietaria pensvlvanica Mühlenb ex. Willd is a species native to North America, whose occurrence in Poland was first reported in Bydgoszcz in 1991. Its biology and ecology has been researched since 1996. The present paper discusses measurements and phenological observations carried out on four selected populations during the vegetation season in 1997. The aim of the research was to determine potentialities of the migration of P. pensylvanica from park habitats to segetal communities, on the basis of a defined life strategy of the examined populations. The analysis focused on the dynamics of density and biomass as well as on the weight of 1000 nucules, against the habitat conditions. The findings demonstrated that the investigated species was characterised by a set of life strategy properties referred to as C-S-R or S-R, and was subject to the "r"-type selection. P. pensylvanica has become an integral part of the Bydgoszcz flora and is likely to expand into segetal communities of agricultural and vegetable crops.

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The biology of Canadian weeds. 119. Cannabis sativa L.

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-021 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (1) ◽

pp. 217-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

E. Small ◽

T. Pocock ◽

P. B. Cavers

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

North America ◽

Great Lakes ◽

Key Words ◽

Reproductive Biology ◽

Cannabis Sativa ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Textile Fibre ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

A Minor

Cannabis sativa has been cultivated for millennia in Eurasia and for centuries in North America, as a source of a textile fibre, oilseed, and intoxicating drugs such as marijuana. Considerable literature is available on the agricultural and biological properties of these basic three cultigens, but relatively little is published on wild-growing plants of the species. Most weedy C. sativa differ from the cultigens in a number of ecological properties, particularly with regard to reproductive biology. The species is the classical example of a “camp follower” that is exceptionally adapted to the habitat conditions around settlements: rich, highly manured, moist soils, and open areas resulting from recent removal or disturbance of the vegetation. In Canada, spontaneous populations have been found in all provinces, but forms that have re-evolved wild adaptations are concentrated along the St. Lawrence and lower Great Lakes. The ruderal plants pose a minor weed problem to agriculture but a major problem to law enforcement, and decades of eradication have exterminated many of the naturalized populations in Canada. With the recent re-authorization of hemp cultivation in Canada, it is inevitable that there will be additional escapes and a reinvigoration of the ruderal phase of the species. Mechanical eradication for 2 or 3 yr is effective at destroying populations, and young plants are easily eliminated by herbicide applications. Key words: Cannabis sativa, hemp, marijuana, marihuana, weed, oilseed

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Segetal communities on rendzina soils near Sieradz

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1980.022 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 269-298

Author(s):

Jan T. Siciński ◽

Ryszard Sowa

Keyword(s):

Middle Part ◽

Intermediate Structure ◽

Anthropogenic Factor ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Northern Limit ◽

Root Crop ◽

Segetal Communities

In the years 1973-1978 floristic and phytosociological investigations were performed on field cultures on rendzina soils near Sieradz, by the middle part of the Warta river. The mosaic character of the soil of the investigated area on which segetal communities had developed and the continuous interference of a man (an anthropogenic factor) cause a large diversity in the examined area. Altogether in grain and root crop cultures there were distinguished 5 associations, 6 communities and many lower phytosociological units (subcommunities, facies and degree of moisture). Among the distinguished units of vegetation <em>Caucalido-Scandicetum</em> and communities with intermediate structure deserve particular attention. The association has an impoverished structure, only partly developed, which is probably due to the northern limit of the range of occurrence, habitat conditions (mainly edaphic) and the level of agriculture.

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A note on the detection of the carrot weevil in Nova Scotia

Phytoprotection ◽

10.7202/706041ar ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

pp. 113-115 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.-P.R. LeBlanc ◽

G. Boivin

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

North America ◽

Daucus Carota ◽

Spring Migration ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Northeastern North America ◽

Listronotus Oregonensis ◽

Carrot Weevil

The carrot weevil, Listronotus oregonensis [Coleoptera: Curculionidae], is a significant pest of vegetable crops in northeastern North America. However, the species had not been previously detected in Atlantic Canada. In 1985,1986, and 1988, attempts to detect this pest in Nova Scotia were unsuccessful. In 1992, in one of three carrot (Daucus carota) fields monitored using thigmotactic wooden-plate traps baited with fresh carrots, six individuals were captured during the spring migration of the inseetfrom overwintering sites into a carrot field near Great Village, Nova Scotia.

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Maladera castanea. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Pests ◽

10.1079/dmpp/20056600121 ◽

1961 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Vegetable Crops ◽

Distribution Map ◽

New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Maladera castanea (Arr.) (Col., Melolonthidae) (Asiatic Garden Beetle (U.S.A.)) Hosts: Larva a root feeder in turf, etc., adult defoliates trees, shrubs, herbaceous ornamentals and vegetable crops. Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA (excl.USSR), China, Japan, Korea, NORTH AMERICA, U.S.A.

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Zróżnicowanie zbiorowisk segetalnych jako wyraz luarunków siedliskowych i poziomu kultury rolnej wsi Oleśnik (woj. Piotrków Tryb.) [Differentiation of vegetal communities as an expression of habitat conditions and agriculture standard of the village Oleśnik (Piotrków Tryb. District)]

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1976.024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 311-372

Author(s):

Urszula A. Warcholińska

Keyword(s):

Sandy Soil ◽

Analytical Description ◽

Agricultural Management ◽

The State ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

The Given ◽

The Village ◽

Segetal Communities

The paper is an analytical description of the differentiation of acidophilic segetal communities of the village Oleśnik (Piotrków Tryb. District) against the background of habitat conditions and standard of agriculture (Tables 3-13, Figs. 3-6). The present segetal vegetation reflects the natural conditions and the state of agricultural management of the agricultural acreage of the village (Figs. 1, 2). It is also an index of the productive passibilities of habitats with the poorest sandy soil. Therefore it may be useful for their evaluation (Table 16). The number, spread and distribution of the distinguished communities are evidence of the phytosociological-ecological nonhomogeneity and indicate the agricultural standard in the given area.

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Benthic auto-mobility in discoid Palaeacis from the Pennsylvanian of the Ardmore Basin, Oklahoma?

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s0022336000022824 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gregory E. Webb

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Functional Morphology ◽

Golf Course ◽

Life Strategy ◽

South Central ◽

Low Diversity ◽

Porous Skeleton

The enigmatic tabulate genus Palaeacis is composed primarily of species with wedge-shaped coralla. Palaeacis walcotti Moore and Jeffords, 1945, P. kingi Jeffords, 1955, and P. cf. P. walcotti, described below from the Morrowan (Pennsylvanian) Golf Course Formation of the Ardmore Basin, south-central Oklahoma, represent a distinctive morphogroup characterized by a discoid corallum. Discoid Palaeacis ranges from the Morrowan to the Missourian and, so far, is known only from the mid-continent region of North America. The discoid shape, combined with concentric skeletal accretion, large corallite diameters, complex calice floors, and porous skeleton suggest, based on comparisons with the functional morphology of recent scleractinians, that these corals were well suited to an auto-mobile (vagile) life strategy, much as are many Recent fungiid corals. Discoid Palaeacis inhabited environments with muddy or sandy, unconsolidated substrates and was associated with low-diversity, nonencrusting faunas. This association is consistent with an auto-mobile life strategy. Auto-mobility in Palaeacis would represent the first such reported occurrence in the Tabulata, and the first in Paleozoic colonial corals of all types.

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Control of glyphosate-resistant Canada fleabane in Ontario with multiple effective modes-of-action in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2018-0067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 78-83 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Brittany K. Hedges ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Darren E. Robinson ◽

David C. Hooker ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

North America ◽

Selection Pressure ◽

Growing Season ◽

Weed Species ◽

Herbicide Resistant ◽

Modes Of Action ◽

Variable Control ◽

Herbicide Treatments ◽

Density And Biomass ◽

Herbicide Programs

Canada fleabane is a winter or summer annual weed that is found throughout North America. Fall-emerged Canada fleabane can fix carbon early in the growing season, giving it a competitive advantage over nearby crop and weed species. Glyphosate-resistant (GR) Canada fleabane was originally found in one county in Ontario, Canada, in 2010 and had spread to at least 29 additional counties within the province by 2016. Previous research with several preplant herbicides resulted in variable control of GR Canada fleabane in soybean. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of glyphosate/dicamba (1800 g a.e. ha−1) alone or with the addition of a second effective mode-of-action for the control of GR Canada fleabane in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean. At 4 weeks after application, glyphosate/dicamba + saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, saflufenacil/imazethapyr, or paraquat controlled GR Canada fleabane 97%, 96%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. All herbicide treatments decreased Canada fleabane density and biomass by 93%–99%. When choosing herbicide programs, it is important to consider the use of multiple modes-of-action to decrease selection pressure for the evolution of herbicide-resistant Canada fleabane. Treatments containing saflufenacil, saflufenacil/dimethenamid-P, or saflufenacil/imazethapyr with the addition of glyphosate/dicamba are recommended for the control of GR Canada fleabane.

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Speckled trout population parameters, habitat conditions and management strategies in lakes in Nova Scotia, Canada

Proceedings of the Nova Scotian Institute of Science (NSIS) ◽

10.15273/pnsis.v48i2.6669 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Amy Ryan ◽

John L. MacMillan

Keyword(s):

Nova Scotia ◽

Population Density ◽

Yellow Perch ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Fork Length ◽

Small Population ◽

Population Parameters ◽

Habitat Conditions ◽

Trout Population ◽

Density And Biomass

A principal components analysis was conducted on the results of published reports and data sets from technical papers that include speckled trout Salvelinus fontinalis population estimates from 14 Nova Scotia lakes. The purpose of this paper was to identify the factors that influenced trout density and biomass. Population parameters, including mean fork length (cm), population density (n/ha), and population biomass (kg/ha), relative to variation in lake size, acidity, and competitor species were assessed and compared among lakes. Populations with small mean length and slow growth displayed larger fish density and biomass suggesting density-dependence. Acidic conditions potentially impact spawning potential and reduced recruitment that resulted in small population density and larger trout. The number of other fish species present in the lakes was used as an index of competition and had the greatest impact on trout density and biomass in Nova Scotia lakes. Yellow perch seemed to have the most impact of all the competitor species. In five lakes that contained yellow perch the mean trout population biomass was 0.19 kg-ha-1 (0.2,SD) compared to 4.5 kg-ha-1 (0.26, SD) in eight lakes that did not contain perch species. Lentic habitat conditions can greatly influence the potential success of different fisheries management strategies.

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