scholarly journals Free proline accumulation in leaves of cultivated plant species under water deficit conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Bandurska
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Soil Drought ◽  
Wild Form ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Proline Level ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Cultivated Plant

The effect of water deficit caused by soil drought on the content of free proline as well as the degree of cell membrane damages in the leaves of three cultivated plant species having different farm usefulness and water requirements have been studied. The used pIants were: poinsettia (<i>Euphorbia pulcherrima</i> Willd., 'Regina' and 'Cortez') grown for decorative purposes, a green vegetable of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis, subvar. cymosa, 'Colonel' and 'Marathon') and a cereal plant of barley (the wild form <i>Hordeum spontaneumm</i> and <i>Hordeum vulgaree</i> 'Maresi'). The examined species differed in the size of the experienced stress. the Iargest RWC reduction was found iii broccoli leaves, while somewhat smaller - in barley. In poinsettia leaves, the reduction of RWC level was not large or did not occur at all. The accumulation of free proline in the species under study was also variable. The largest amount of this amino acid tended to accumulate in broccoli leaves, whereas the increase of its level took place only at a strong dehydration of tissues. The increase of proline level was smaller in barley leaves than in broccoli, but that was found already at a smalI dehydration of tissues. In poinsettia leaves, a several f`old increase of proline level was found at the early stage of the stress. The level of that amino acid gradually increased at consecutive times and did not depend on tissue dehydration. Damage of cell membranes amounted to 8.5-9.5% in barley leaves, about 3% in brocolli and to 0-2.6% in poinsettia. The role of proline in prevention of leaf dehydration and in alleviation of dehydration effects in the studied species has been discussed.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF PLANTS OF THE GENUS Fragaria UNDER CONDITIONS OF WATER DEFICIT – A STUDY REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-39
Author(s):  
Marta Rokosa ◽  
Małgorzata Mikiciuk
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
High Water ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Species Response ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Specific Species ◽  
Response To Water

The genus Fragaria belongs to the Rosaceae family. The most popular representatives of this species are the strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.), whose taste and health benefits are appreciated by a huge number of consumers. The cultivation of Fragaria plants is widespread around the world, with particular emphasis on the temperate climate zone. Increasingly occurring weather anomalies, including drought phenomena, cause immense losses in crop cultivation. The Fragaria plant species are very sensitive to drought, due to the shallow root system, large leaf area and the high water content of the fruit. There have been many studies on the influence of water deficit on the morphological, biochemical and physiological features of strawberries and wild strawberries. There is a lack of research summarizing the current state of knowledge regarding of specific species response to water stress. The aim of this study was to combine and compare data from many research carried out and indicate the direction of future research aimed at improving the resistance of Fragaria plants species to stress related to drought. These plants show patterns of response to stress caused by drought, such as: osmotic adjustment, reduction of transpiration and photosynthesis, and increased efficiency of water use. Drought also causes significant changes in the composition and palatability of the fruit of the Fragaria plant species.

scholarly journals The medaka fish Tol2 transposable element is in an early stage of decay: identification of a nonautonomous copy

Genome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakura Hayashi ◽  
Takuji Tsukiyama ◽  
Atsuo Iida ◽  
Masato Kinoshita ◽  
Akihiko Koga
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stop Codon ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Base Substitution ◽  
Unique Element ◽  
Medaka Fish ◽  
Medaka Genome ◽  
Single Amino Acid Change ◽  
Local Sequence

The majority of DNA-based transposable elements comprise autonomous and nonautonomous copies, or only nonautonomous copies, where the autonomous copy contains an intact gene for a transposase protein and the nonautonomous copy does not. Even if autonomous copies coexist, they are generally less frequent. The <i>Tol2</i> element of medaka fish is one of the few elements for which a nonautonomous copy has not yet been found. Here we report the presence of a nonautonomous <i>Tol2</i> copy that was identified by surveying the medaka genome sequence database. This copy contained 3 local sequence alterations that affected the deduced amino acid sequence of the transposase: a deletion of 15 nucleotides resulting in a deletion of 5 amino acids, a base substitution causing a single amino acid change, and another base substitution giving rise to a stop codon. Transposition assays using cultured human cells revealed that the transposase activity was reduced by the 15-nucleotide deletion and abolished by the nonsense mutation. This is the first example of a nonautonomous <i>Tol2</i> copy. Thus, <i>Tol2</i> is in an early stage of decay in the medaka genome, and is therefore a unique element to observe an almost whole decay process that progresses in natural populations.

scholarly journals Exogenous Foliar Application of Glycine Betaine to Alleviate Water Deficit Tolerance in Two Indica Rice Genotypes under Greenhouse Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rujira Tisarum ◽  
Cattarin Theerawitaya ◽  
Thapanee Samphumphung ◽  
Teruhiro Takabe ◽  
Suriyan Cha-um
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Rice Genotypes

The aim of this investigation was to enhance overall growth, yield attributes as well as physio-biochemical adaptive strategies by exogenous foliar application of glycine betaine (GlyBet) in two rice varieties against water deficit stress under greenhouse conditions. Rice crop cvs. RD43 (low amylose content) and SPR1 (high amylose content) grown in clay pots containing garden soil until booting stage were chosen as the test plant material, sprayed by 0 (control) or 100 mM GlyBet and subsequently subjected to: MWD (mild water deficit by 8 d water withholding; 24.80% SWC; Soil water content) or SWD (severe water deficit by 14 d water withholding; 13.63% SWC) or WW (well-watered conditions or control). Free proline content in cv. RD43 was rapidly increased in relation to the degree of water deficit and suppressed by exogenous GlyBet, while free proline in cv. SPR1 was lower than cv. RD43. Overall growth performances and yield traits in both cultivars under MWD were maintained by exogenous application of GlyBet; however, these parameters declined under SWD even after the GlyBet application. Degradation of photosynthetic pigments and chlorophyll fluorescence in pretreated GlyBet plants under SWD were prevented, resulting in elevated net photosynthetic rate (Pn). Interestingly, Pn was very sensitive parameter that sharply declined under SWD in both RD43 and SPR1 genotypes. Positive relationships between physio-morphological and biochemical changes in rice genotypes were demonstrated with high correlation co-efficiency. Based on the key results, it is concluded that foliar GlyBet application may play an important role in drought-tolerant enhancement in rice crops.

Determination of Free -Proline and -Leucine in the Brains of Mutant Mice Lacking -Amino Acid Oxidase Activity

2001 ◽  
Vol 298 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Hamase ◽  
Tomomi Inoue ◽  
Akiko Morikawa ◽  
Ryuichi Konno ◽  
Kiyoshi Zaitsu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Amino Acid Oxidase

A method to identify early-stage transgenic Medicago truncatula with improved physiological response to water deficit

2015 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alcântara ◽  
R. S. Morgado ◽  
S. Silvestre ◽  
J. Marques da Silva ◽  
A. Bernardes da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Response To Water

Formation and occurrence of N-malonylphenylalanine and related compounds in plants

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rosa ◽  
A. C. Neish
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Plant Kingdom ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Leucine Isomers ◽  
Related Compounds

Shoots of barley seedlings when fed D-phenylalanine convert the amino acid to N-malonylphenylalanine. Some N-acetylphenylalanine is obtained at the same time but this may be an artifact of the isolation procedure since it is readily formed by decarboxylation of the malonylphenylalanine. Feeding experiments with the D- and L-isomers of phenylalanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, tyrosine, tryptophan, alanine, and glutamic acid showed that barley shoots form the malonyl derivative from all the D-isomers whereas little, if any, is formed from the L-isomers. Similar experiments with phenylalanine and leucine isomers, using seven different plant species, showed that the ability to conjugate the D-isomers (but not the L-isomers) was found in all of the plants tested. It was also observed that the ether-soluble acidic conjugates of a variety of amino acids, possibly malonyl derivatives, occur widely throughout the plant kingdom.

scholarly journals The relationship between citrulline accumulation and salt tolerance during the vegetative growth of melon (Cucumis melo L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.Y. Dasgan ◽  
S. Kusvuran ◽  
K. Abak ◽  
L. Leport ◽  
F. Larher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Free Proline ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Final Amount

Citrulline has been recently shown to behave as a novel compatible solute in the <i>Citrullus lanatus</i> (<i>Cucurbitaceae</i>) growing under desert conditions. In the present study we have investigated some aspects of the relationship which might occur in leaves of melon seedlings, also known to produce citrulline, between the capacity to accumulate this ureido amino acid and salt tolerance. With this end in view, salt-induced changes at the citrulline level have been compared in two melon genotypes exhibiting contrasted abilities to withstand the damaging effects of high salinity. Progressive salinization of the growing solution occurred at 23 days after sowing. The final 250 mmol/l external NaCl concentration was reached within 5 days and further maintained for 16 days. In response to this treatment, it was found that the citrulline amount increased in fully expanded leaves of both genotypes according to different kinetics. The salt tolerant genotype Midyat was induced to accumulate citrulline 4 days before the salt sensitive Yuva and as a consequence the final amount of this amino acid was twice higher in the former than in the latter. Compared with citrulline, the free proline level was found to be relatively low and the changes induced in response to the salt treatment exhibited different trends according to the genotypes under study. Thus at the end of the treatment mature leaves of the salt sensitive Yuva contained higher amount of proline than those of Midyat. The changes in the calculated molar ratio between citrulline and free proline suggested that salt tolerance might be associated with high values for this ratio and vice et versa for sensitivity. The interest of citrulline as a biochemical marker for salt tolerance of melon genotypes is discussed.

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