scholarly journals Biology of flowering and nectar production in the flowers of the beauty bush (Kolkwitzia amabilis Graebn.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Marta Dmitruk
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

Nectar production and the morphology of the nectary and pollen grains of <em>Kolwitzia amabilis </em>Graebn. were studied during the period 2008–2009 and in 2011. The blooming of beauty bush flowers started in the third decade of May and ended in the middle of June; flowering lasted 22–23 days. The flower life span was 4–5 days. Nectar production began at the bud break stage. The tube of the corolla in beauty bush flowers forms a spur inside which the nectary is located. The secretory surface of the nectary consists of two layers of glandular epidermal outgrowths: unicellular trichomes, with their length ranging 54.6 μm – 70.2 μm, and papillae with a length of 13.0 μm – 20.6 μm. The mean weight of nectar per 10 flowers, determined for the three years of the study, was 8.6 mg, with a sugar concentration of 50.8%. The weight of nectar sugar was on average 4.4 mg. In terms of the size, beauty bush pollen grains are classified as medium-sized. These are tricolporate grains.

Nectar secretion strategy in three Japanese species: changes in nectar volume and sugar concentration dependent on flower age and flowering order

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinya Kato ◽  
Satoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Floral Nectar ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Flower Age ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

We explored how changes in nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration depend on flower age and flowering order in Gentiana triflora Pallas var. japonica (Kusnez.) Hara, Lobelia sessilifolia Lamb., and Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et Mey. var. esculenta (Koidz.) Ohwi. In G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta, change in nectar volume was small, whereas larger changes in nectar sugar concentration occurred depending on flower age. In L. sessilifolia, both the mean nectar volume and nectar sugar concentration clearly decreased with flower age. In all species, the mean nectar volume of the early-flowering group per plant was high. In terms of the change in sex allocation, the investment in male and female organs of the early-flowering group was high in G. triflora var. japonica and L. sessilifolia. We suggest that plants of G. triflora var. japonica and H. middendorffii var. esculenta secrete floral nectar for up to several days to sustain nectar volume to keep attracting pollinators while simultaneously reducing resource usage. Greater nectar secretion in the early-flowering group, in which flowers have more pollen and ovules, may contribute to greater reproductive success and may be effective for pollinators in learning the location of the plants and flowers. In addition, learning by pollinators should result in increased reproductive success of the later blooming flowers.

scholarly journals Blooming biology and sugar efficiency of two cultivars of Lonicera kamtschatica (Sevast.) Pojark.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek ◽  
Justyna Wieniarska
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Nectar Source ◽  
The Mean

The studies on the period and abundance of blooming, flower development, as well as nectar productivity of two cultivars of <i>Lonicera kamtschatica</i> (Sevast.) Pojark. were carried out in 2004-2005 in Lublin. The investigated plants bloomed between the third decade of April and the middle of May. The life span of protogynous flowers was about 4-5 days. The mean amount of sugars secreted by 10 flowers of the examined cultivars ranged from 17.77 mg to 28.31 mg. The sugars yield amounted to from 44.08 to 67.81 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. Flowers of the investigated plants were a good nectar source for honeybees and bumblebees.

scholarly journals Canopy Position, Defoliation, and Girdling Influence Apple Nectar Production

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Campbell ◽  
Richard D. Fell ◽  
Richard P. Marini
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Canopy Position ◽  
Nectar Sugar

Flowering spurs located at interior and exterior canopy positions of `Stay-man' and `Delicious' apple (Malus domestics Borkh.) trees were girdled and/or defoliated to determine the influence on nectar production and composition. Nectar volume was less at exterior than interior canopy positions for `Delicious', but not for `Stayman'. Girdling suppressed nectar production by 92% and reduced the sugar concentration of the remaining nectar. Defoliation of nongirdled spurs had no effect on nectar sugar concentration, but defoliation of girdled spurs reduced nectar sugar concentration by 24%. Relative percentages of sucrose, glucose, and fructose, and the sucrose: hexose ratio were unaffected by any treatment. Nectar production of nongirdled spurs did not depend on the presence of spur leaves.

scholarly journals Nectar Production and Spectrum of Insect Visitors in Six Varieties of Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) in SE Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Bożek
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Se Poland ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Insect Visitors

Abstract The attractiveness of plants to pollinators depends strongly on flower rewards, especially nectar and pollen. Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and sugar mass are known to influence the spectrum and abundance of insect visitors. Respective data on nectar secretion in highbush blueberry ( Vaccinium corymbosum ) under the climatic conditions of Poland are scarce. This study was conducted in 2002–2005 to assess flower abundance, nectar production, and insect visitors in six varieties of V. corymbosum in Niemce, SE Poland. Flower abundance ranged from 1.63 ± 0.64 (‘Darrow’) to 4.07 ± 0.95 in thousands of flowers per shrub (‘Northland’). Nectar mass, sugar concentration, and nectar sugar mass increased with flower age, peaking between the sixth and ninth day. Significant differences in nectar characteristics occurred between years and between varieties. ‘Bluecrop’ and ‘Darrow’ produced the largest nectar mass (19.08 ± 7.09 and 16.60 ± 8.31 mg nectar per flower, respectively) and nectar sugar mass per flower (6.39 ± 1.52 and 5.76 ± 1.51 mg sugar per flower, respectively). The estimated sugar yield in the studied V. corymbosum varieties ranged from 9.4 ± 3.3 to 20.7 ± 3.8 g sugar per shrub (‘Croatan’ and ‘Bluecrop,’ respectively). Regarding insect visitors, only honey bees and bumble bees were observed. Honey bees comprised 81%–98% of the total number of observed insect visitors. Highbush blueberry, due to abundant blooming and high per-flower sugar yield, is thus a good source of nectar sugars for honey bees.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE OF INFLORESCENCE AND NECTAR PRODUCTION IN THE LOW-BUSH BLUEBERRY VACCINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Nectar Volume ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
The Mean

Nectar samples were harvested daily from exposed and caged portions of the low-bush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium (varieties laevifolium House and nigrum (Wood) Dole). Pollination activity on the exposed bloom had no significant effect on mean nectar volume and concentration but caused a slight reduction in the mean weight of nectar sugar. Nectar volume and weight of nectar sugar increased directly with the age of inflorescence in all clones.

scholarly journals Comparative study of wood betony (Stachys officinalis L) melliferousness in different habitat conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 59 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 475-484
Author(s):  
Marina Macukanovic-Jocic
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Forest Conditions

Nectar production in wood betony (Stachys officinalis L), grown under differ-microclimatic habitat conditions (forest and experimental field), was analyzed. Study of tar production included determining of the total daily nectar amount (in 24 hours) per flower, the diurnal dynamics of nectar secretion (nectar amount secreted per flower at two hour intervals during the day), and nectar sugar concentration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of microclimatic parameters humidity, air temperature and evaporation) on the secretion process and nectar sugar concentration. Comparative analyses of nectar secretion in Stachys officinalis, grown in two environmentally different habitats, confirmed that this process varied as a function of micro-climatic habitat conditions, and did not reveal a close relationship between these conditions and sugar concentration in nectar. A diurnal model of nectar secretion with two secretion peaks was found. A higher amount of nectar per flower, with an increasing tendency during the first half of the day, and a decreasing tendency during the afternoon was measured in forest conditions (lower temperature, higher relative air humidity and lower evaporation).

Influence of Platelet Membrane Sialic Acid and Platelet-Associated IgG on Ageing and Sequestration of Blood Platelets in Baboons

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (04) ◽  
pp. 676-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
H F Kotzé ◽  
V van Wyk ◽  
P N Badenhorst ◽  
A du P Heyns ◽  
J P Roodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Platelet Membrane ◽  
Antigen Complex ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aggregation Of Platelets

SummaryPlatelets were isolated from blood of baboons and treated with neuraminidase to remove platelet membrane sialic acid, a process which artificially ages the platelets. The platelets were then labelled with 111In and their mean life span, in vivo distribution and sites of Sequestration were measured. The effect of removal of sialic acid on the attachment of immunoglobulin to platelets were investigated and related to the Sequestration of the platelets by the spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Removal of sialic acid by neuraminidase did not affect the aggregation of platelets by agonists in vitro, nor their sites of Sequestration. The removal of 0.51 (median, range 0.01 to 2.10) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets shortened their life span by 75 h (median, range 0 to 132) h (n = 19, p <0.001), and there was an exponential correlation between the shortening of the mean platelet life span and the amount of sialic acid removed. The increase in platelet-associated IgG was 0.112 (median, range 0.007 to 0.309) fg/platelet (n = 25, p <0.001) after 0.79 (median, range 0.00 to 6.70) nmol sialic acid/108 platelets was removed (p <0.001). There was an exponential correlation between the shortening of mean platelet life span after the removal of sialic acid and the increase in platelet-associated IgG. The results suggest that platelet membrane sialic acid influences ageing of circulating platelets, and that the loss of sialic acid may have exposed a senescent cell antigen that binds IgG on the platelet membrane. The antibody-antigen complex may then provide a signal to the macrophages that the platelet is old, and can be phagocytosed and destroyed.

UPAYA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAGI SISWA KELAS IV DI SDN 187/IV KOTA JAMBI

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Juniar Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Research Report ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Classroom Action Research

This study presents a research report on improving students’ Learning results on IPA through Video. The objective was to find out whether students’ learning result improved when they are taught by using Video. It was conducted using classroom action research method. The subject of the study was the Grade IV students of SDN 187/IV Kota Jambi which is located on Jln. Adi Sucipto RT 05 Kecamatan Jambi Selatan, and the number of the students were 21 persons. The instruments used were test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the on fisrt sycle was 65,4 (42,85%) and the mean on cycle two was 68,5 (37,15%) and the mean of the third cycle was 81,4 (100%). Then it can be concluded that the use of video on learning IPA can improve the students’ learning result. It is suggested that teachers should use video as one of the media to improve students’ learning result on IPA.Keywords : IPA, students’ learning result, video

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXT THROUGH THINK PAIR SHARE

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hotria Manik ◽  
Elia Masa Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Writing Tests

This study attempts to improve students’ writing achievement in recount text through Think-Pair-Share Strategy. This study was conducted by using classroom action research. The subject of the research was class VIII-1 SMPN 1 Pematangsiantar. The number of the students was 32 students, consisted of 5 males and twenty seven females. The research was conducted in two cycles and consisted of six meetings. The instruments for collecting data were writing tests as the quantitative data and diary notes, observation sheet, interview sheet and questionnaire sheet as qualitative data. Based on the writing score, students’ scores kept improving in every test. In analyzing the data, the mean of the students’ score for the first test as a pre-test was 57.84, for the second test as a post test I was 73.56, for the third test as a post test II was 77.56. Based on diary notes, observation sheet and questionnaire sheet, it was found that students were actively involved in writing process. The result of the research showed that Think-Pair-Share Strategy can improve students’ achievement in writing recount text.   Keywords: Think Pair Share, Writing, Recount text, Action research

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ WRITING ACHIEVEMENT IN THE REPORT TEXT THROUGH FILM

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra N.F. Hutahaean And Tjut Ernidawati
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Writing Achievement ◽  
The Third ◽  
Total Percentage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Report Text

This research concerns on improving students’ writing achievement in the report text through film.  The objective was to find out the improvement of students’ writing achievement in writing the report text through film. This research was conducted by using action research method. The subject of the research was XI IPA grade students of SMA SWASWTA JOSUA Medan. The numbers of students were thirty one students. They were taught writing the report text through film. The instruments used were writing report text test, diary notes, interview sheets, questionnaire sheets and observation sheets. In analyzing data, the mean of students’ score for the first competency test was 43.1, for the second competency test was 64.8 and for the third competency test was 76.3 and the total percentage of improvement from the first competency test to the third competency test was 84.1%. The conclusion is that through watching film can improve the students’ writing achievement in the report text. It is suggested that teachers should apply watching film as one of media to improve students’ writing achievement in the report text.

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