scholarly journals The ecological features of flowers and inflorescences of two species of the genus Petasites Miller (Asteraceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weronika Haratym ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Female Flowers ◽  
Scanning Electron

The structural features of flowers and inflorescences of <i>Petasites hybridus</i> and <i>P. albus</i> were compared. Only individuals producing flower heads with male flowers and few female flowers were found in the studied populations. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used for examination. The present study shows that the stems of the above- -mentioned species differed in height and number of flower heads, but the number of flowers per head was similar. Larger flowers were found on the stems of <i>P. albus</i>. The following features has been found to play an important role in pollination ecology: the strongly contrasting colours of the floral parts; on the petals, the occurrence of several types of cells which can increase the attractiveness of the flowers by refracting sunlight in a different way; production of odorous oils by the petal cells; production of significant amounts of pollen offered to insects by the well-developed pollen presenters; the development of nectaries and nectar production by the male flowers as well as the development of colour attractants by the corolla, anthers, and bracts.

Wood identification of charcoal with 3D-reflected light microscopy

IAWA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Zemke ◽  
Volker Haag ◽  
Gerald Koch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Field Emission ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Reflected Light ◽  
Carbonized Wood ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract The present study focusses on the application of 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) for the wood anatomical identification of charcoal specimens produced from domestic and tropical timbers. This special microscopic technique offers a detailed investigation of anatomical features in charcoal directly compared with the quality of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The advantages of using the 3D-RLM technology are that fresh fracture planes of charcoal can be directly observed under the microscope without further preparation or surface treatment. Furthermore, the 3D-technique with integrated polarized light illumination creates high-contrast images of uneven and black charcoal surfaces. Important diagnostic structural features such as septate fibres and intercellular canals can be clearly detected and intervessel pits are directly measured. The comparison of the microscopic analyses reveals that 3D-reflected light microscopy (3D-RLM) provides an effective alternative technique to conventional field emission scanning electron microscopy for the identification of carbonized wood.

scholarly journals Nectary structure and nectar secretion of Echium russicum J. F. Gmel. flowers

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosława Chwil ◽  
Elżbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Lateral Part ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Nectar Secretion ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Anomocytic Stomata ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the micromorphology of nectaries in <i>Echium russicum</i> J. F. Gmel. flowers was determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their anatomy by using light microscopy (LM). The rate of nectar production of flowers and sugar concentration in nectar were investigated. The nectary gland is located below the ovary of the pistil. It is composed of 4 parts corresponding to the parts of the ovary. The widest regions of the nectar-producing tissue are situated by the furrows separating the adjacent parts of the ovary. Nectar is secreted through anomocytic stomata, located only in the lower part of the nectary. The stomata were distributed evenly or they formed clusters of 2-3. The average number of stomata on the surface of the whole nectary was 184. At the nectar secretion stage, open and closed, as well as not fully mature stomata were observed. The orientation of most of the stomata was parallel to the nectary base. The cuticle surface of the cells of the upper and lateral part of the nectary was smooth, whereas in the region producing stomata it showed various folds facilitating the retention of nectar. The flowers produced nectar throughout the flowering period. The weight of nectar secreted throughout the lifetime of ten flowers was, on the average, 20 mg, with the concentration of sugars of 58% and their weight reaching 17 mg.

Two- or three-way observations of the identical cell elements within the same sections by LM, TEM and/or SEM

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakazo Watari ◽  
Yasuaki Hotta ◽  
Yoshio Mabuchi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Identical Cell ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Scanning Electron

It is very useful if we can observe the identical cell elements within the same sections by light microscopy (LM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and/or scanning electron microscopy (SEM) sequentially, because, the cell fine structure can not be indicated by LM, while the color is; on the other hand, the cell fine structure can be very easily observed by EM, although its color properties may not. However, there is one problem in that LM requires thick sections of over 1 μm, while EM needs very thin sections of under 100 nm. Recently, we have developed a new method to observe the same cell elements within the same plastic sections using both light and transmission (conventional or high-voltage) electron microscopes.In this paper, we have developed two new observation methods for the identical cell elements within the same sections, both plastic-embedded and paraffin-embedded, using light microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and/or scanning electron microscopy (Fig. 1).

Examination of Schistosome Cercariae and Schistosomules by Scanning Electron Microscopy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
D. Johnson ◽  
P. Moriearty
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Host Parasite ◽  
Conventional Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Since several species of Schistosoma, or blood fluke, parasitize man, these trematodes have been subjected to extensive study. Light microscopy and conventional electron microscopy have yielded much information about the morphology of the various stages; however, scanning electron microscopy has been little utilized for this purpose. As the figures demonstrate, scanning microscopy is particularly helpful in studying at high resolution characteristics of surface structure, which are important in determining host-parasite relationships.

SEM Observations on the Germination of Euonymous Americanus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 508-509
Author(s):  
D.R. Hill ◽  
J.R. McCurry ◽  
L.P. Elliott ◽  
G. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Food Source ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Scanning Electron

Germination of Euonymous americanus in the laboratory has previously been unsuccessful. Ability to germinate Euonymous americanus. commonly known as the american strawberry bush, is important in that it represents a valuable food source for the white-tailed deer. Utilizing the knowledge that its seeds spend a period of time in the rumin fluid of deer during their dormant stage, we were successful in initiating germination. After a three month drying period, the seeds were placed in 25 ml of buffered rumin fluid, pH 8 at 40°C for 48 hrs anaerobically. They were then allowed to dry at room temperature for 24 hrs, placed on moistened filter paper and enclosed within an environmental chamber. Approximately four weeks later germination was detected and verified by scanning electron microscopy; light microscopy provided inadequate resolution. An important point to note in this procedure is that scarification, which was thought to be vital for germination, proved to be unnecessary for successful germination to occur. It is believed that germination was propagated by the secretion of enzymes or prescence of acids produced by microorganisms found in the rumin fluid since sterilized rumin failed to bring about germination.

New diagnostic characters of Kolhymorbis angarensis (Dybowski & Grochmalicki, 1925) (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Planorbidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195
Author(s):  
E.V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Copulatory Apparatus ◽  
Scanning Electron

The radula morphology and the anatomy of the copulatory apparatus in Kolhymorbis angarensis were examined using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and histological methods. Kolhymorbis angarensis was shown to have the stylet and the penial sac with a glandular appendage (flagellum), the characteristics, previously unknown for any species of this genus. The significance of these findings for the taxonomy of the genus is discussed.

A Comparative Study of Trichomes in Angophora Cav. And Eucalyptus L'hérit. - A Question of Homology

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
PY Ladiges
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Evolutionary Trends ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Ancestral Condition ◽  
Scanning Electron

The trichomes of Angophora and Eucalyptus are illustrated from scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy, and evolutionary trends are discussed. Bristle glands of Angophora and Eucalyptus subgen. Blakella and Corymbia are emergent oil glands of varying lengths. Emergent oil glands occur in all other Eucalyptus subgenera but they are most conspicuous in Blakella, Corymbia and Angophora, in which they are characterized by four cap cells each ornamented with micropapillae. Hairs in Angophora are unique, being multicellular; they are also uniseriate and scattered on the epidermis. In contrast, hairs in Eucalyptus are simple extensions, short or long, of the cells on the sides of or the cap cells of the emergent oil glands, and they are not homologous with those of Angophora. Eucalyptus setosa (subgen. Blakella) and E. brockwayi (subgen. Symphyomyrtus) are two exceptions, having unicellular hairs on the epidermis, not associated with oil glands. It is suggested that this is an ancestral condition (or secondary reversal to it).

Taxonomic application of macro and micro morphological characters of seeds in Astragalus L. (Galegeae, Fabaceae) in India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 502 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KASHYAP ◽  
CHANDAN KUMAR SAHU ◽  
ROHIT KUMAR VERMA ◽  
LAL BABU CHAUDHARY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Large Size ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Scanning Electron

Due to large size and enormous morphological plasticity, the taxonomy of the genus Astragalus is very complex and challenging. The identification and grouping of species chiefly based on macromorphological characters become sometimes difficult in the genus. In the present study, the micromorphology of the seeds of 30 species belonging to 14 sections of Astragalus from India has been examined applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with light microscopy (LM) to evaluate their role in identification and classification. Attention was paid to colour, shape, size and surface of seeds. The overall size of the seeds ranges from 1.5–3.2 × 0.8–2.2 mm. The shape of the seeds is cordiform, deltoid, mitiform, orbicular, ovoid and reniform. The colour of seeds varies from brown to blackish-brown to black. Papillose, reticulate, ribbed, rugulate and stellate patterns were observed on the seed coat surface (spermoderm) among different species. The study reveals that the seed coat ornamentations have evolved differently among species and do not support the subgeneric and sectional divisions of the genus. However, they add an additional feature to the individual species, which may help in identification in combination with other macro-morphological features.

Developmental comparison of leaf shape variation in three Chamaedorea species

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Nowak ◽  
Adam Nowak ◽  
Usher Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Palm Leaf ◽  
The Ideal

Compound palm leaf development is unique and consists of two processes. First, the primordial tissue folds through differential growth, forming plications. Second, these plications separate through an abscission-like process, forming leaflets. The second process of leaflet separation allows for the development of compound leaves. The question that this study addresses concerns the development of bifid leaves, as they do not form leaflets but only develop a cleft through an apical incision. The ideal genus to use for this study is Chamaedorea as it includes species with both pinnate and bifid leaves. Chamaedorea fragrans (Ruiz & Pav.) Mart. and Chamaedorea stolonifera H. Wendl. ex Hook. f. were chosen as the species with adult bifid leaves. Although Chamaedorea seifrizii Burret is a pinnate-leaved palm, its juvenile leaves are bifid. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to study the development of bifid leaves. Our results indicate that neither of these bifid palms develop separation sites within the lamina, but rather the apical cleft develops through “late leaflet separation” or by an abscission-like process. In contrast, C. seifrizii juvenile leaves exhibit “early leaflet separation” when developing the apical cleft.

scholarly journals Petal and Sepal Epidermal Micromorphology of Six Lathyrus Taxa (Fabaceae) and their Systematic Value

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin CILDIR ◽  
Ahmet KAHRAMAN ◽  
Musa DOGAN
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Systematic Significance ◽  
Trichome Types ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, the epidermal types and their distribution on dorsal and lateral petals, the trichome types and their density on sepals of Lathyrus chloranthus, L. digitatus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus, belonging to sections Lathyrus, Lathyrostylis, Pratensis, and Orobon of the genus Lathyrus in Turkey were investigated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the systematic significance of these characters was evaluated. These taxa, except L. sativus, are studied for the first time under aspects of the petal and sepal micromorphology. Three major epidermal types were recognized on the petal: tabular rugose striate cells (TRS), areolate cells with more or less striations (AS), and papillose conical striate cells (PCS). TRS and AS were further subdivided into three subtypes. TRS was found on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. chloranthus, L. sativus, and L. tuberosus: the dorsal petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus and the lateral petals of L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, while AS was present on the dorsal and lateral petals of L. digitatus and the lateral petals of L. roseus subsp. roseus. PCS was found only on the dorsal petals of L. digitatus. Three main types of trichomes on the sepal were observed: peltate glandular, capitate glandular, and nonglandular trichomes. The capitate glandular and nonglandular trichomes were further subdivided into three subtypes. The peltate glandular trichomes were present only in L. chloranthus, but absent in the others. The capitate glandular trichomes were found in L. chloranthus, L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus, L. roseus subsp. roseus, and L. tuberosus. The nonglandular trichomes were always present in L. chloranthus and L. laxiflorus subsp. laxiflorus. The present results show that the petal and sepal micromorphology can be used in delimitation of the taxa based on petal and sepal micromorphology.

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