Effects of Palm Leaf Biochar on the Availability of Soil Nutrients, Leaf Nutrient Concentration, and Physiological Characteristics of Melon Plants (Cucumis melo L.) Under Drought Stress

To investigate the effect of palm leaf biochar on the element absorption and reduction of drought stress effects in melon plants, an experiment was conducted using a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications in two successive years. The main plot contained three levels of drought stress (60%, 85%, and 100% water requirement) and the subplot contained four levels of biochar (0, 150, 300, and 450 g per plant). The results revealed that biochar application reduced the effect of drought stress and thus proline content in plants. Application of 300 g biochar per plant with 100% water requirement increased total chlorophyll by 131% compared to control. The treatment of 450 g biochar per plant with 100% water requirement increased chlorophyll a and b and leaf nitrogen (N), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and manganese (Mn) content by 169%, 127%, 58%, 65%, 44%, and 48%, respectively, compared to control. The treatment of 450 g biochar per plant increased phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) content of leaves by 20% and 31%, respectively, in comparison with control. The interaction of drought stress and biochar indicated that the treatment of 450 g biochar per plant with 60% of water requirement increased plant iron, zinc, and copper by 60%, 44%, and 66%, respectively, compared to the biochar-free treatment with 100% water requirement. Addition of 450 g biochar per plant and irrigation with 60% of water requirement increased soil N, P, and K by 150%, 13%, and 75%, respectively, compared to the biochar-free treatment with 100% water requirement. The results indicated that the use of biochar can be a successful strategy for improving water use efficiency and reducing drought stress in melon plants.

Download Full-text

The effect of drought stress and nitrogen fertilization on the active ingredient, chlorophyll A and B, and chlorophyll index of henna

Nexo Revista Científica ◽

10.5377/nexo.v33i02.10802 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (02) ◽

pp. 694-706

Author(s):

Hassan Sarhadi ◽

Jahanfar Daneshian ◽

Seyyed Alireza Valadabadi ◽

Hossein Heidary Sharafabad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Active Ingredient ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Water Requirement ◽

Plant Water ◽

Chlorophyll B ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Chlorophyll Index

The response of active ingredient, chlorophyll a and b contents, and chlorophyll index of henna to different rates of N fertilization and drought stress was explored in a split-split-plot experiment based on a randomized complete block design with four replications in the research farm of Jiroft Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jiroft, Iran in the 2016-2017 growing season. In the current study, the main plot was assigned to drought stress at three levels (including irrigation to supply 100%, 75% or 50% of plant water requirement), the sub-plot was assigned to N fertilization at three rates (50, 100 or 150 kg ha-1 pure N), and the sub-sub-plot was assigned to ecotype at three levels (Bami, Bushehri, and Rudbari). The results showed that the effect of drought level was significant on active ingredient and chlorophyll index at the p < 0.01 level and on chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a/b ratio at the p < 0.05 level. But, it could not influence chlorophyll b significantly. The effect of N fertilization was significant on most studied traits at the p< 0.01 level, but its effect was significant on the chlorophyll index at the p < 0.05 level and insignificant on dye and chlorophyll b. According to the results, it seems that the application of 100 kg ha-1 N and the irrigation to supply 75% of plant water requirement can contribute to having more fresh plants with the higher active ingredient and dye contents.

Download Full-text

Effect of Iron on Yield of Corn (Zea mays L.) in Drought Stress

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2019-0004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (1) ◽

pp. 34-43

Author(s):

K. Rafsanjani ◽

A. Madani ◽

F. Vazin

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Pan Evaporation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Four Levels ◽

Number Of Seeds

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress, iron spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2013 on research Farm in Faizabad of Iran, as a split plot within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: level A) 50 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level B) 100 ml evaporation from pan evaporation; level C) 150 ml evaporation from pan evaporation and level D) 200 ml evaporation from pan evaporation. Sub plots were considered with iron spray in three levels, included level A) 80 g/ha, level B) 130 g/ha and level C) 180 g/ha. The drought stress reduced seed yield, the 1000-kernels weight (TKW), the number of seeds per ear, the number of seeds per row in ear, the number of rows per ear about 39%, 6%, 31%, 14% and 27% less than control treatment, respectively. Using iron, as compared with control treatment, causes the increase of 1000-kernels weight from 295 to 311 g and the increase of seed yield from 5188 to 7078. The results obtained from the present research showed that iron spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

Download Full-text

Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading : chlorophyll and chloroplast

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d200243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 615-620

Author(s):

LISA MAWARNI ◽

TENGKU CHAIRUN NISA ◽

JUSTIN A NAPITUPULU ◽

KARYUDI KARYUDI

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Small Seed ◽

Main Plot ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Four Levels ◽

Leaf Greenness ◽

Better Than ◽

Plot Design

Abstract. Mawarni L, Nisa TC, Napitupulu JA, Karyudi. 2019. Determination of leaf status of soybean varieties on shading. Biodiversitas 20: 615-620. The shading tolerant soybean varieties could be identified through the character growth such as leaf status. This study was aimed to obtain the shading tolerant of soybean variety based on their seed size and on the leaf status. Design of experiments was a split-plot design with three replications. The level of shading as the main plot with four levels of treatment was without shading, 30%, 50%, and 70% shading. Soybean varieties as the subplot had 4 genotypes namely Anjasmoro, Pangrango, Tanggamus, and Nanti wherein one variety comes with large seed; two come with medium seeds and the other one comes with small seed. The leaf status for determination was the greenness of leaves, the sum of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll a and b, the forms of chloroplasts and leaf area. The soybean varieties with different seed sizes showed the differences only on the leaf area but not on leaf greenness or on the sum of chlorophyll. Nanti variety, having small seed, turns out to have the largest leaf area but is not shade tolerant. The large leaf area may be due to the forming of tetra foliate leaves on Nanti variety. The form of chloroplast of Anjasmoro variety in 70% shading is better than other varieties. Therefore, determining leaf status can identify shading tolerant of soybeans.

Download Full-text

Produksi Benih Kentang G0 Pada Berbagai Volume dan Frekuensi Fertigasi dengan Sistem Irigasi Tetes (Production of G0 Potato Seed on Many Fertigation Volumes and Frequencies on Drip Irrigation)

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v29n1.2019.p53-60 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 53

Author(s):

Meksy Dianawati ◽

Hilda Farida ◽

Sri Muhartini

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Drip Irrigation ◽

Block Design ◽

Potato Production ◽

Potato Seed ◽

Split Plot ◽

Main Plot ◽

Four Levels ◽

Drip Fertigation ◽

Plot Design

Kentang merupakan sayuran yang memiliki prospek untuk mendukung program diversifikasi pangan. Akan tetapi saat ini produksi di dalam negeri masih rendah akibat penggunaan benih yang kurang bermutu. Sistem irigasi tetes berpeluang untuk diterapkan pada produksi benih kentang G0. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi dan volume fertigasi terhadap produksi benih G0 kentang pada sistem irigasi tetes. Penelitian dilaksanakan sejak bulan Mei sampai dengan September 2016 di Rumah Kassa Desa Cikahuripan, Lembang, Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat dengan ketinggian 1.200 m dpl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split plot design) dengan rancangan acak kelompok lengkap dan tiga ulangan. Sebagai petak utama adalah frekuensi fertigasi sebanyak 3, 5, dan 7 kali. Sebagai anak petak adalah volume fertigasi (ml) setiap aplikasi, yaitu 100, 200, 300, dan 400. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadi interaksi antara perlakuan frekuensi dan volume fertigasi terhadap semua peubah pengamatan. Frekuensi fertigasi terbaik terhadap bobot ubi per tanaman umur 100 HST adalah lima kali, yaitu jam 7, 10, 12, 14, dan 16. Volume fertigasi terbaik terhadap jumlah ubi ukuran besar umur 100 HST adalah 300 ml per aplikasi per polibag. Volume dan frekuensi fertigasi terbaik ini diharapkan tidak saja meningkatkan produksi benih, tetapi juga keuntungan usahatani yang diperoleh. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menginduksi pengumbian dengan mengalihkan ukuran ubi menjadi peningkatan jumlah ubi sebagai tujuan produksi benih G0.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum L.; Irigasi tetes; Fertigasi; Frekuensi; VolumeAbstractPotato is one of vegetables that can be used as an alternative to support food diversification programs. But the potato production domestically is still low because of low quality seed. One of the potato seed technologies that can be developed is arragement of fertigation volumes and frequencies on drip fertigation. The objective of this research was to determine the best fertigation volume and frequency in G0 potato seed production in drip irrigation. This research was conducted from May to September 2016 at Screen House Cikahuripan Village, Lembang, Bandung on 1,200 m asl. The treatments were arranged in split plot design with randomized complete block design and three replications. The main plot was fertigation frequency which was consisted of three levels; 3, 5, and 7 times per day. The subplot was fertigation volume which was consisted of four levels; 100, 200, 300, and 400 ml per aplication. The result showed there was no interaction between fertigation frequency and volume on all observation. The best fertigation frequency on tuber weight per plant at 100 day after planting was five times, i.e. 7, 10, 12, 14, and 16 o’clock. The best fertigation volume on number of big tuber at 100 day after planting was 300 ml per application. The best fertigation volume and frequency will increase not only seed production, but also profit of bussiness. Next research will be done to induction tuberization by transfering measurement of tuber to increase the amount of tuber as goal of production of G0 potato seed.

Download Full-text

A Study of Light Intensity and Fertilizer on Soybean in Albizia chinensis Agroforestry System

Sains Tanah - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology ◽

10.20961/stjssa.v16i1.25872 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 46

Author(s):

Zulfikar Affandi ◽

Djoko Purnomo ◽

Supriyono Supriyono

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Block Design ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

High Light Intensity ◽

High Light ◽

Low Light ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Open Land ◽

Main Plot ◽

Four Levels

One of the efforts to solve the decreasing of agriculture land area caused by land use change is through agroforestry system (AF), such as the cultivation among the Albizia chinensis trees. This research, along with the experiment, aims at studying the light characteristic of 1.5 years oldAlbizia c and the effect of fertilization on the growth of soybean and testing the soybean yield of Dega 1 varieties in agroforestry system based on Albizia c. Using the split-plot Randomized Block Design (RBD) as the experiment, the intensity of light was employed as the main plot whereas the fertilizer was used as the subplot in this study. There were four levels of light intensity: land with high light intensity (lands outside AF), rather high light intensity (radiation transmission fraction (RTF) among Albizia c 1425 ha-1 density), medium-high light intensity (RTF among 2850 Albizia c density with pruned canopy), rather low light intensity (RTF among 2850 Albizia c density with unpruned canopy). As the subplot were some various fertilizers such as Albizia c litter, Albizia c litter + phosphorus (P) + potassium (K), and without any fertilization. Totally 12 treatments were obtained and each of those treatments was replicated three times, consequently consisting of 36 experiment units. The result of this research shows that Albizia c was exceedingly potential for the soybean cultivation with AF system. The passing light under the canopy (RTF) depended on the distance between each tree and could be improved by pruning the canopy. The increasing RTF increased vegetative and generative growth. The highest soybean production (3.3 tons ha-1) could be achieved in 2850 trees ha-1 density with pruned canopy (RTF: 49% equals to 28440 lux) compared with biomass production in open land (3.9 tons ha-1).

Download Full-text

Effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal dose on growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012067 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012067

Author(s):

Rusmana ◽

E P Ningsih ◽

A N Hikmah

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Zea Mays L ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stress Treatment ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Four Levels

Abstract This study aims to determine the effect of drought stress and mycorrhizal dose on the growth and yield of maize (Zea mays L.). The research was done in the BPTP Banten Screen House and the Soil and Climate Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University starts from November 2020 until February 2021. This study used a factorial randomized block design (RBD) consisting of two factors. First factor was drought stress with four levels, namely k1 (100% FC), k2 (80% FC), k3 (60% FC), and k4 (40% FC) and second was the mycorrhizal dose with 3 levels, called m0 (0 g/pot), m1 (10 g/pot), and m2 (20 g/pot). There were 12 treatment combinations that were repeated 3 times in order to obtain 36 experimental units. The results showed that the drought stress treatment had a significant effect on maize plant height at 7 WAP of 174.22 cm, plant dry weight of 86.67 g, root dry weight of 21.67 g, and seed dry weight of 37 g. Drought stress of 40% FC can reduce the growth and yield of maize. The mycorrhizal dose treatment had no significant effect on the growth and yield of maize. The application of mycorrhizal dose of 20 g/pot tends to increase the growth and yield of maize. There was no interaction between drought stress treatment and mycorrhizal dose on growth and yield of maize.

Download Full-text

Effect of Zinc Sulfate on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Corn (Zea Mays) in Drought Stress

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/v10298-012-0052-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 15-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Vazin

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Zinc Sulfate ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Seed Filling ◽

Four Levels ◽

The One ◽

Number Of Seeds

Abstract In hot and arid regions, drought stress is considered as one of the main reasons for yield reduction. To study the effect of drought stress and zinc spray on the yield and yield components of corn, an experiment was carried out during the crop seasons of 2010 and 2011 on Research Farm, Islamic Azad University of Gonabad as a split factorial within randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots with irrigation factor and four levels were considered: A) full irrigation, B) stopping irrigation at pollination step, and C) stopping irrigation at the seed filling and four levels of zinc sulfate including 0 and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% spraying (tassel initiation and grain filling) were as the subplots. The drought stress reduced the thousand kernels weight (TKW) in seed filling stage and the number of seeds per ear in tasseling stage about 11% and 27% less than the one of control treatment, respectively. Zinc increased the thousand kernels weight from 27.3 to 31.3 grams and induced an increase in the number of seeds per ear from 710 to 770. The results obtained within the present research showed that zinc spray has fairly improved the effects caused by drought stress.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Drought Stress, Salicylic Acid and Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Forage Maize

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i6.12741 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 72-74

Author(s):

Sara Najjari ◽

Mohammadjavad Seghatoleslami ◽

Gholamreza Mousavi

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Block Design ◽

Forage Yield ◽

Forage Maize ◽

Irrigation Interval ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Two Factors ◽

Main Plot

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) and nitrogen fertilization on forage maize was studied under drought stress in Nehbandan, Iran in 2014. It was a factorial split-plot experiment based on a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The main plot was devoted to irrigation intervals. The sub-plot was factorial of two factors (nitrogen and SA). It was found that deficit irrigationdeclined quantitative yield of maize. Nitrogen fertilization improved forage yield. Fresh and dry forage yield was 65.88 and 665.32% lower under 16-day irrigation interval than under 8-day irrigation interval, respectively. SA application enhanced dry forage yield by 7.06 and 10.35% under 8 and 16-day irrigation intervals, respectively. In total, it was revealed that the concurrent application of SA and N resulted in greater increase in fresh and dry forage yield, which was mostly via the increase in leaf stem weight, as compared to their sole applications.

Download Full-text

Effect of Drought and Irrigation Management on Two Rice Mutants of Bangladesh

Asian Plant Research Journal ◽

10.9734/aprj/2020/v4i330089 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 39-45

Author(s):

M. A. Islam ◽

M. H. Ali ◽

P. Biswas

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Irrigation Management ◽

Growing Season ◽

Drought Condition ◽

Crop Species ◽

Irrigation Condition ◽

Four Levels

Drought stress is a major constraint to the sustainable production of of crops. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is considered as a drought-sensitive crop species. The experiment was carried out to investigate the response of two rice mutants to drought condition and to develop appropriate irrigation management. Experiment was conducted at mini-lysimeter (1.5 m x 1.0 m x 0.28 m, having drainage outlet and rain-shed) at BINA, Mymensingh in Aman season (August to October, 2017) and Aus season (March to June, 2018) consecutively. The mutants used were N4/250/P-1(2) and N4/250/P-2(6)-26. The mutants were tested against four levels of drought stress. The imposed treatments were: Normal irrigation (3 days AWD), supplemental irrigation (ASM drops below 85%, throughout the growing season), irrigation at 0.85 ASM (up to booting stage) then irrigation at 0.60 PASM, irrigation at 0.85 ASM (throughout the growing season). Treatments were imposed after 3 weeks from transplanting. Experiment was laid out according to random complete block design (RCBD) with split-plot arrangements and three replications. The results showed that the mutants produced reasonable yield under stress condition compared to normal irrigation condition, which indicates their tolerance capacity under drought condition. Rice drought tolerance could help the country deal with the shortages in water that are facing Bangladesh farmers already.

Download Full-text

Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai yang Diberi Perlakuan dengan Ekstrak Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa (Jack)) dan Mindi (Melia azedarach L.)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.163-169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 163-169

Author(s):

Rummi Azahra Gumilar ◽

Nurheni Wijayanto ◽

Arum Sekar Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Growth Production ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

Allelopathy interaction can occur between A. excelsa or M. azedarach with soybean plants which is planted as intercrops in agroforestry system. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of root, leaf, and twig ectracts of A. excelsa and M. azedarach on growth and production of soybean. This study was conducted in open fields using a split-split plot design inside randomized block design. The main plot was the plant species as extract materials consisted of Azadirachta excelsa and Melia Azedarach. The subplot was the part of the plant consisted of root, leaf, and twig. Sub-subplot was the concentration of the extract consisted of four levels, 0% (control), 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%. Each treatment was repeated for 3 time. Result of this study showed that the root, leaf and twig extracts of A. excelsa and M. azedarach did not give significant effect to the height growth, dry weight, as well as soybean production. Key words: agroforestry, allelopathy, growth, production

Download Full-text