scholarly journals Studies on phyllosphere fungi. VII. Foliar application of urea on certain ornamentals

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-288
Author(s):  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Impatiens Balsamina ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi

Leaf-surface mycoflora of three ornamentals - <i>Impatiens balsamina</i> L., <i>Rheoes discolor</i> L. and <i>Lochnera rosea</i> (L.) Reichb., in relation to foliar application of aqueous solution of 5,0% urea has been studied. In the former two plants the application of urea enhanced the my00flora whereas in the latter an adverse effect was observed for phyllosphere region. In phyUoplane region of <i>L. rosea</i>, however, a promotive effect was exhibited in sprayed plants. The urea in this concentration also proved slightly toxic to <i>L. rosea</i>.

Chlorobenzoyl Chloride and Methyl Chlorobenzoate as Synthetic Plant Growth Regulators

Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
T. J. Allen ◽  
C. L. Leinweber ◽  
D. K. Prince ◽  
D. F. Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soybean Seedlings

CBC (2,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride) and MCB (methyl-2,5-dichlorobenzoate) function as plant growth regulators in a gaseous phase or in an aqueous solution. Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘Martin’] and soybean [Glycine bicolor (L.) Merr. ‘Lee’] seeds were temporarily inhibited or delayed from germinating, but overcame the inhibition in time so there was no significant reduction in total germination. Seedlings produced from sorghum and soybean seed germinated and grown in aqueous solution of 35 μg/ml CBC or MCB were shorter and weighed less than control seedlings. Soybean seed treated with the vapors of CBC and MCB produced seedlings significantly reduced in dry weight as compared with that of controls. Foliar application of 500 or 1000 μg/ml of CBC significantly reduced the growth of soybean but not sorghum seedlings. Soybean seedlings treated with the vapors or an aqueous solution produced leaflets more narrow and thicker than control seedlings. A lethal response attributable to CBC or MCB was not recorded.

Effects of foliar application of magnesium sulphate on the quality and magnesium content of flue-cured tobacco

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 677 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Pinkerton ◽  
PN Person
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Magnesium Sulphate ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Magnesium Concentration ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Tobacco Seedlings ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Nutrient Solutions

Tobacco seedlings were not damaged by sprays containing up to 20 per cent magnesium sulphate, but deleterious effects on leaf were observed when several applications of three per cent or more were applied to full-sized plants. In an outdoor trial with tobacco in sand culture plants were supplied with nutrient solutions with and without magnesium. The effects of foliar application of two per cent magnesium sulphate on quality and magnesium concentration in the cured leaf were studied. Seven sprays applied at about seven day intervals raised the magnesium concentration in leaves by 0.30 to 0.40 per cent Mg. Five sprays applied after the onset of deficiency symptoms raised the concentration in leaves by 0.1 6 to 0.25 per cent Mg, and improved quality greatly compared with leaves from deficient plants. Application of one spray several days prior to picking increased the concentration in leaves by approximately 0.08 per cent Mg, but had an adverse effect on value. The value of the leaf from sprayed plants was never as good as that from the best plants supplied with magnesium via the roots only even though the magnesium concentrations in leaf were similar. The difference in quality was not attributable to deleterious effects of high sulphur content.

scholarly journals Effect of foliar application of urea on leaf surface mycoflora of mustard and barley

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
D. B. Singh ◽  
Bharat Rai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Penicillium Citrinum ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Percentage Distribution ◽  
Epicoccum Nigrum ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Treated Leaf ◽  
Barley Leaves ◽  
Fusarium Chlamydosporum

The number of fungi/cm<sup>2</sup> leaf increased insignificantly in the first sampling on treared musttard leaves and in the first and second samplings on barley leaves. A significant decrease in the number of fungi was noted in the rest of the samplings. A little variation in the number of species was recorder between the control and treated leaf samples. <i>Acrophialophora fusispora, Aureobasidium pullulas, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium chlamydosporum, Penicillium citrinum</i> and <i>P. rubrum</i> exhibited favourable effect of urea and thus their percentage distribution increased on the treated leaves.

scholarly journals Drought and salinity stresses in barley: Consequences and mitigation strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 810-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman EL Sabagh ◽  
Akbar Hossain ◽  
Md. Shohidul Islam ◽  
Celaleddin Barutcular ◽  
Saddam Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Barley Plant

Recent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi–arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems.

Stability of 4,4,4-Trifluoro-3-(indole-3-)butyric Acid Dissolved in Water on Growth of Rice Roots

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 1460-1463
Author(s):  
Xiu Ping Li ◽  
Yan Lai Zhang ◽  
Sasakawa Hideo
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Direct Heating ◽  
Rice Roots ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
The Stability

The stability of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-(indole-3-) butyric acid (TFIBA) were examined. Elongation of rice seminal root was promoted approximately 80% by continuous supply of 10-5 molL-1 TFIBA. Such promotion effect on root elongation is not found in IAA or IBA. The promotive effect of TFIBA on root elongation was not reduced by either direct heating in a microwave oven or autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min and root elongation was promoted by 70 - 80% at the concentration of 10-5 mol L-1. The effect of TFIBA was not lost by heat of microwave oven or autoclave. Although the effect of TFIBA dissolved in water was gradually lost at 30°C in the light, it was maintained at 4°C in the light and at 30°C in the dark. Consequently, aqueous solution of TFIBA can be stored at room temperature for at least 1 month when it is kept in the dark.

scholarly journals Studies on phyllosphere Fungi. IV. Effect of magnesium chloride on phyllosphere population of virus infected (PVX) and healthy plants of Lycopersicum esculentum Mili. cv. Best of all

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-220
Author(s):  
R. R. Mishra ◽  
R. S. Kanaujia
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Potato Virus X ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Phyllosphere Fungi

Phyllosphere and phylloplane mycoflora of healthy and potato virus X (PVX) infected plants of <i>Lycopesicum esculentum</i> in relation to the treatment of different concentrations of magnesium chloride has been investigated. 250 ppm MgO<sub>2</sub> level resulted to the maximum fungal population on the leaf surface of healthy and diseased plants. 125 ppm concentration of MgO<sub>2</sub>. on the other hand favoured the maximum fungal colonization on phylloplane region in both healthy and diseased plants. In both, healthy and diseased plants, 125 ppm concentration of MgCl<sub>2</sub> proved equally good for growth of plants and the chlorophyll content of the leaf. The variation in the leaf mycoflora in the present study seems to be governed by a number of factors operating simultaneously.

The lime sulphur-calcium arsenate spray

1926 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 596-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Goodwin ◽  
H. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Calcium Arsenate ◽  
Lime Sulphur

The calcium arsenate-lime-lime sulphur spray has been studied in the laboratory and from the results so obtained it is inferred(1) That the formation of a stable tricalcium arsenate by precipitation from aqueous solution is improbable. The interaction of calcium hydroxide and dicalcium arsenate results in the formation of a continuous series of basic calcium arsenates which are hydrolysed in aqueous suspension.(2) That through the formation of such basic calcium arsenates the addition of lime to dicalcium arsenate reduces the amount of arsenic in solution. This reduction is temporary and on exposure to atmospheric carbon dioxide the original solubility of the dicalcium arsenate is restored. The concentration of soluble arsenic in the dicalcium arsenatelime spray will not be as great as in the dicalcium arsenate spray and the risk of spray injury with the dicalcium arsenate spray is therefore reduced when lime is added.(3) The concentration of soluble arsenic in the dicalcium arsenate and lime spray is reduced by the admixture of lime sulphur with a corresponding reduction of the risk of foliage injury.(4) The precipitation of sulphur from the calcium polysulphides of the lime sulphur is unaffected by the addition of dicalcium arsenate. The addition of lime may result in a diminution of the amount of sulphur so precipitated but such a reaction is dependent on the rate of carbonation of the free lime on the leaf surface. The fungicidal activity due to the calcium polysulphides is therefore unaffected by the addition of dicalcium arsenate but may be adversely influenced if excess of calcium hydroxide be present.

Foliar Application of Zn Phosphite and Zn EDTA in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): In Vivo Investigations of Transport, Chemical Speciation, and Leaf Surface Changes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 2731-2739
Author(s):  
Marcos Henrique Feresin Gomes ◽  
Bianca de Almeida Machado ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Marques ◽  
Rafael Otto ◽  
Thomas Eichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Surface Changes

scholarly journals The effect of indole-butyric acid and kinetin on rooting of rose cuttings in winter and summer

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Edward Borowski ◽  
Lidia Kozłowska ◽  
Maria Wilkowicz
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Promotive Effect

The effect of indole-butyric acid, both alone and with a low concentration of kinetin, on the rooting of rose cuttings in winter and summer, is presented in this paper. The experiments were conducted using 500 and 1000 mg/l IBA with or without the addition of 5 mg/l kinetin. The growth regulators were applied by dipping the base of a cutting for 5 s in an aqueous solution of these substances. Cuttings 5-6 cm in length were made from the mid-part of a stem of a rose grown in a greenhouse. The experiments were carried out using 'Queen of Bermuda' and 'Baccara' cuttings. The investigations showed that treating rose cuttings rooted in winter with an IBA solution had a significant promotive effect on the quantity of rooted cuttings, number of formed roots on the cutting, as well as on the length of the longest root. A distinctive increase in the number of breaking buds was also seen on the cuttings treated with IBA. The IBA solution applied to cuttings rooted in the summer significantly decreased the number of rooted cuttings and breaking buds. However, no significant influence on the number and length of formed roots was found. Addition of kinetin to the IBA solutions did not have any effect on the rooting of rose cuttings either in winter or summer.

Photolysis of cyflufenamid in liquid media

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 424-431
Author(s):  
Zhangyu Zheng ◽  
Chunyan Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Shi ◽  
Zhiwei Liu ◽  
Jinsheng Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Factors Influencing

Abstract The photolysis of cyflufenamid (CFA) in different organic solvents and water under ultraviolet irradiation was investigated. The photolytic rate constant and photolytic half-life were measured for the different solutions. Factors influencing the photolysis of CFA were investigated, including initial concentration, types of solvent, pH, occurrence of catalyst (TiO2), and environmental substances (Fe3+, Fe2+, NO3−, NO2−). Photolysis of CFA followed first-order kinetics in various systems, and the photolytic rate of CFA decreased with increased initial concentration. Photolytic rates of CFA in different solvents were as follows: n-hexane &gt; methanol &gt; acetonitrile &gt; ultrapure water &gt; ethyl acetate. The pH had a significant effect on the photolysis of CFA, and the photolysis rate reached its peak at pH 9.0. NO2− and TiO2 had positive effects on the photolysis of CFA, while Fe2+ had an adverse effect. NO3− in aqueous solution had no effect on the photolysis of CFA. In addition, the rates of photolysis were accelerated at lower concentrations of Fe3+ (0.5–5 mmol L−1) and decreased at higher concentrations (10 mmol L−1). Moreover, a main photolytic product of CFA was confirmed to be N-cyclopropoxy-2,3-difluoro-6-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, and cleavage of the amido bond was proposed to be the predicted photolysis pathway in n-hexane.

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