scholarly journals Possible role of growth regulators in adaptation to heat stress affecting partitioning of photosynthates in tomato plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

The formation of polyribosomes and total dehydrogenase activity in rye grains from different harvest years (with different viability) were studied. It was found using actinomycin D and cordycepin that grain aging was related to a lower ability for RNA synthesis and polyribosome formation. At least part of the stored form of RNA (preformed mRNA) in the embryos of both aged non-viable grain was able to form complexes with ribosomes.

scholarly journals Possible role of growth regulators in adaptation to heat stress affecting partitioning of photosynthates in tomato plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zofia Starck ◽  
Elżbieta Cieśla
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Invertase Activity ◽  
Acid Invertase ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Different Response

Tomato plants of two cultivars: Roma - sensitive and Robin - tolerant to heat stress were grown in greenhouse up to the flowering stage and then under controlled environmen­tal conditions. The partitioning of recently fixed <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> by mature tomato leaves was examined as a posteffect of 24-h heat stress (38/25°C day/night) with the interaction of growth regulators (GR) sprayed on the flowers with solution of β-naphthoxyacetic (NOA) and gibberellic (GA<sub>3</sub>) acid (denoted as NG), or Zeatin + NOA + GA<sub>3</sub> (denoted as ZNG). In both cuitivars GR strongly stimulated fruit growth and transport of <sup>14</sup>C-photosynthates to the clusters at the expense of vegetative organs. Heat stress decreased export of <sup>14</sup>C-phoiosynthates from the blades in plants not treated with GR, but even more in cv. Roma. In Roma plants not treated with GR (with very small fruitlets and fruits) the heat stress retarded <sup>14</sup>C-transport just in the petioles, diminishing the <sup>14</sup>C-supply to the fruits. Reduction of the current photosynthate supplied to the fruits seems to be causally connected with inhibition of the specific activity of acid invertase in that organ. Growth regulators reduced the negative effect of high temperature - they alleviated depression of <sup>14</sup>C-export from the blades and increased invertase activity. <sup>14</sup>C-photosynthate transport to the fruits, presumably owing to their higher sink strength, was less affected by heat stress. In Robin plants (which had bigger fruits during the experiment) high temperature depressed <sup>14</sup>C-fruit supply only in the NG-series, in contrast to enhacement of <sup>14</sup>C-Movement to that sink in the control and ZNG-series. In spite of these facts, after heat stress, the specific activity of acid invertase decreased in all the experimental series, but much less in the GR-treated series. Therefore, in the Robin cv. there was no relation between invertase activity and <sup>14</sup>C-mobilization by fruits, as was observed in Roma plants. The possible explanation of the different response of the two cultivars with contrasting sensitivity to heat stress; with special reference to the role of GR; diminishing injury of the plants by high temperature is discussed.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Heat Stress in Tomato by Exogenous Application of Sulfur

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Muhammad Moaaz Ali ◽  
Muhammad Waleed Shafique ◽  
Shaista Gull ◽  
Waleed Afzal Naveed ◽  
Talha Javed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elementary Sulfur ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Greenness Index

Temperature is a key factor influencing plant growth and productivity, however sudden increases in temperature can cause severe consequences in terms of crop performance. We evaluated the influence of elementary sulfur application on the physiology and growth of two tomato genotypes (“Ahmar” and “Roma”) grown in two growth chambers (at 25 and 45 °C). Plants were sprayed with 2, 4, 6, and 8 ppm sulfur 45 days after sowing (untreated plants were kept as control). Plants of the “Roma” cultivar receiving 6 ppm sulfur exhibited maximal shoot and root biomass values followed by those receiving 4 ppm under both temperature conditions. Maximal CO2 index, photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and greenness index values (188.1 µmol mol−1, 36.3 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1, 1.8 µmol H2O m−2 s−1, and 95 SPAD, respectively) were observed in plants of “Roma” cultivar grown at 25 °C, indicating positive influences of sulfur on tomato physiology. Similarly, sulfur maximized proline, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents in leaves of both genotypes at both temperatures. The differences between control and sulfur-treated plants grown under heat stress indicate a possible role of sulfur in mitigating heat stress. Overall, our results suggest that 6 ppm of sulfur is the best dose to alleviate tomato heat stress and enhance the morphological, physiological, and biochemical attributes of tomato plants.

Role of Hormones in Plant Adaptation to Heat Stress

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yan-Hong Zhou ◽  
Jing-Quan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

scholarly journals Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin Coordinates With Transcriptional and Epigenetic Machinery to Regulate Thermotolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Muhammed Jamsheer K. ◽  
Brihaspati Narayan Shukla ◽  
Manvi Sharma ◽  
Prakhar Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

Global warming exhibits profound effects on plant fitness and productivity. To withstand stress, plants sacrifice their growth and activate protective stress responses for ensuring survival. However, the switch between growth and stress is largely elusive. In the past decade, the role of the target of rapamycin (TOR) linking energy and stress signalling is emerging. Here, we have identified an important role of Glucose (Glc)-TOR signalling in plant adaptation to heat stress (HS). Glc via TOR governs the transcriptome reprogramming of a large number of genes involved in heat stress protection. Downstream to Glc-TOR, the E2Fa signalling module regulates the transcription of heat shock factors through direct recruitment of E2Fa onto their promoter regions. Also, Glc epigenetically regulates the transcription of core HS signalling genes in a TOR-dependent manner. TOR acts in concert with p300/CREB HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE1 (HAC1) and dictates the epigenetic landscape of HS loci to regulate thermotolerance. Arabidopsis plants defective in TOR and HAC1 exhibited reduced thermotolerance with a decrease in the expression of core HS signalling genes. Together, our findings reveal a mechanistic framework in which Glc-TOR signalling through different modules integrates stress and energy signalling to regulate thermotolerance.

scholarly journals Translational adaptation to heat stress is mediated by 5-methylcytosine RNA modification in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Cunha Navarro ◽  
Francesca Tuorto ◽  
David Jordan ◽  
Carine Legrand ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Nucleotide Modification ◽  
Adaptation To Heat ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTMethylation of carbon-5 of cytosines (m5C) is a post-transcriptional nucleotide modification of RNA found in all kingdoms of life. While individual m5C-methyltransferases have been studied, the impact of the global cytosine-5 methylome on development, homeostasis and stress remains unknown. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated the first organism devoid of m5C in RNA, demonstrating that this modification is non-essential. We determined the localisation and enzymatic specificity of m5C sites in RNA in vivo and showed that animals devoid of m5C are sensitive to temperature stress. At the molecular level, we showed that loss of m5C specifically impacts decoding of leucine and proline thus reducing the translation efficiency of transcripts enriched in these amino acids. Finally, we found translation of leucine UUG codons to be the most strongly affected upon heat shock, suggesting a role of m5C tRNA wobble methylation in the adaptation to heat stress.

scholarly journals A Multi-environment Framework to Evaluate the Adaptation of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Telfer ◽  
James Edwards ◽  
Julian Taylor ◽  
Jason Able ◽  
Haydn Kuchel
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Adaptation To Heat ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Adaptation of wheat to heat stress is an important component of adaptation in variable climates such as the cereal producing areas of Australia. However, in variable climates stress conditions may not be present in every season or is present at different levels, at different times during the season. Such conditions complicate plant breeder’s ability to select for adaptation to abiotic stress. This study presents a framework for the assessment of the genetic basis of adaptation to heat stress conditions with improved relevance to breeder’s selection objectives. The framework was applied here with the evaluation of 1225 doubled haploid lines from five populations across six environments (three environments selected for contrasting temperature stress conditions during anthesis and grain fill periods, over two consecutive seasons), using regionally best practice planting times to evaluate the role of heat stress conditions in genotype adaptation. Temperature co-variates were determined for each genotype, in each environment, for the anthesis and grain fill periods. Genome wide QTL analysis identified performance QTL for stable effects across all environments, and QTL that illustrated responsiveness to heat stress conditions across the sampled environments. A total of 199 QTL were identified, including 60 performance QTL, and 139 responsiveness QTL. Of the identified QTL, 99 occurred iseparate to the 21 anthesis date QTL identified. Assessing adaptation to heat stress conditions as the combination of performance and responsiveness offers breeders opportunities to select for grain yield stability across a range of environments, as well as genotypes with higher relative yield in stress conditions.

Effect of Some Metabolic Inhibitors on Vinblastine-Induced Ribosomal-Granular Material Complexes

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 548-549
Author(s):  
Awtar Krishan ◽  
Dora Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Granular Material ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitors ◽  
Protein And Rna Synthesis ◽  
Apparent Reduction ◽  
Plant Alkaloids ◽  
In Cells

Cells exposed to antitumor plant alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine sulfate have large proteinacious crystals and complexes of ribosomes, helical polyribosomes and electron-dense granular material (ribosomal complexes) in their cytoplasm, Binding of H3-colchicine by the in vivo crystals shows that they contain microtubular proteins. Association of ribosomal complexes with the crystals suggests that these structures may be interrelated.In the present study cultured human leukemic lymphoblasts (CCRF-CEM), were incubated with protein and RNA-synthesis inhibitors, p. fluorophenylalanine, puromycin, cycloheximide or actinomycin-D before the addition of crystal-inducing doses of vinblastine to the culture medium. None of these compounds could completely prevent the formation of the ribosomal complexes or the crystals. However, in cells pre-incubated with puromycin, cycloheximide, or actinomycin-D, a reduction in the number and size of the ribosomal complexes was seen. Large helical polyribosomes were absent in the ribosomal complexes of cells treated with puromycin, while in cells exposed to cycloheximide, there was an apparent reduction in the number of ribosomes associated with the ribosomal complexes (Fig. 2).

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