scholarly journals Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin Coordinates With Transcriptional and Epigenetic Machinery to Regulate Thermotolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Muhammed Jamsheer K. ◽  
Brihaspati Narayan Shukla ◽  
Manvi Sharma ◽  
Prakhar Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Heat Shock Factors ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Epigenetic Machinery ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

Global warming exhibits profound effects on plant fitness and productivity. To withstand stress, plants sacrifice their growth and activate protective stress responses for ensuring survival. However, the switch between growth and stress is largely elusive. In the past decade, the role of the target of rapamycin (TOR) linking energy and stress signalling is emerging. Here, we have identified an important role of Glucose (Glc)-TOR signalling in plant adaptation to heat stress (HS). Glc via TOR governs the transcriptome reprogramming of a large number of genes involved in heat stress protection. Downstream to Glc-TOR, the E2Fa signalling module regulates the transcription of heat shock factors through direct recruitment of E2Fa onto their promoter regions. Also, Glc epigenetically regulates the transcription of core HS signalling genes in a TOR-dependent manner. TOR acts in concert with p300/CREB HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE1 (HAC1) and dictates the epigenetic landscape of HS loci to regulate thermotolerance. Arabidopsis plants defective in TOR and HAC1 exhibited reduced thermotolerance with a decrease in the expression of core HS signalling genes. Together, our findings reveal a mechanistic framework in which Glc-TOR signalling through different modules integrates stress and energy signalling to regulate thermotolerance.

scholarly journals TOR coordinates with transcriptional and chromatin machinery to regulate thermotolerance and thermomemory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Muhammed Jamsheer K ◽  
Brihaspati Narayan Shukla ◽  
Manvi Sharma ◽  
Prakhar Awasthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Fitness ◽  
Epigenetic Landscape ◽  
Tor Signaling ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

ABSTRACTGlobal warming exhibits profound effects on plant fitness and productivity. To withstand stress, plants sacrifice their growth and activate protective stress responses for ensuring survival. However, the switch between growth and stress is largely elusive. In the past decade, emerging role of Target of Rapamycin (TOR) has been studied linking energy and stress signaling. Here, we have identified an important role of Glc-TOR signaling in plant adaptation to heat stress (HS). Glc-TOR via the E2Fa signaling module regulates the transcription of heat shock factor genes through direct recruitment of E2Fa onto their promoter regions. Glc also epigenetically governs the transcription of core HS signaling genes in a TOR-dependent manner. TOR acts in concert with p300/CREB HISTONE ACETYLTRANSFERASE1 (HAC1) and dictates the epigenetic landscape of HS loci to regulate thermotolerance. Arabidopsis plants defective in TOR and HAC1 exhibited reduced thermotolerance with a decrease in expression of core HS signaling genes. In addition, TOR also promotes accumulation of histone H3K4me3 marks at the promoters of thermomemory-related genes and therefore, governs thermomemory. Collectively, our findings thus reveal a mechanistic framework in which Glc-TOR signaling through different modules determines the integration of stress and energy signaling to regulate thermotolerance and thermomemory.

The neglected other half ‐ role of the pistil in plant heat stress responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
S.M. Impa ◽  
Ramanjulu Sunkar ◽  
S.V. Krishna Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses

scholarly journals Possible role of growth regulators in adaptation to heat stress affecting partitioning of photosynthates in tomato plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Zalewski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

The formation of polyribosomes and total dehydrogenase activity in rye grains from different harvest years (with different viability) were studied. It was found using actinomycin D and cordycepin that grain aging was related to a lower ability for RNA synthesis and polyribosome formation. At least part of the stored form of RNA (preformed mRNA) in the embryos of both aged non-viable grain was able to form complexes with ribosomes.

scholarly journals The autophagy receptor p62/SQST-1 promotes proteostasis and longevity in C. elegans by inducing autophagy

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Kumsta ◽  
Jessica T. Chang ◽  
Reina Lee ◽  
Ee Phie Tan ◽  
Yongzhi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Selective Autophagy ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Proteotoxic Stress ◽  
Autophagy Induction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lifespan Regulation

AbstractAutophagy can degrade cargos with the help of selective autophagy receptors such as p62/SQSTM1, which facilitates the degradation of ubiquitinated cargo. While the process of autophagy has been linked to aging, the impact of selective autophagy in lifespan regulation remains unclear. We have recently shown in Caenorhabditis elegans that transcript levels of sqst-1/p62 increase upon a hormetic heat shock, suggesting a role of SQST-1/p62 in stress response and aging. Here, we find that sqst-1/p62 is required for hormetic benefits of heat shock, including longevity, improved neuronal proteostasis, and autophagy induction. Furthermore, overexpression of SQST-1/p62 is sufficient to induce autophagy in distinct tissues, extend lifespan, and improve the fitness of mutants with defects in proteostasis in an autophagy-dependent manner. Collectively, these findings illustrate that increased expression of a selective autophagy receptor is sufficient to induce autophagy, enhance proteostasis and extend longevity, and demonstrate an important role for sqst-1/p62 in proteotoxic stress responses.

scholarly journals Potential Role of Amino Acids in the Adaptation of Chicks and Market-Age Broilers to Heat Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwajit S. Chowdhury ◽  
Guofeng Han ◽  
Hatem M. Eltahan ◽  
Shogo Haraguchi ◽  
Elizabeth R. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Air Temperatures

Increased average air temperatures and more frequent and prolonged periods of high ambient temperature (HT) associated with global warming will increasingly affect worldwide poultry production. It is thus important to understand how HT impacts poultry physiology and to identify novel approaches to facilitate improved adaptation and thereby maximize poultry growth, health and welfare. Amino acids play a role in many physiological functions, including stress responses, and their relative demand and metabolism are altered tissue-specifically during exposure to HT. For instance, HT decreases plasma citrulline (Cit) in chicks and leucine (Leu) in the embryonic brain and liver. The physiological significance of these changes in amino acids may involve protection of the body from heat stress. Thus, numerous studies have focused on evaluating the effects of dietary administration of amino acids. It was found that oral l-Cit lowered body temperature and increased thermotolerance in layer chicks. When l-Leu was injected into fertile broiler eggs to examine the cause of reduction of Leu in embryos exposed to HT, in ovo feeding of l-Leu improved thermotolerance in broiler chicks. In ovo injection of l-Leu was also found to inhibit weight loss in market-age broilers exposed to chronic HT, giving rise to the possibility of developing a novel biotechnology aimed at minimizing the economic losses to poultry producers during summer heat stress. These findings and the significance of amino acid metabolism in chicks and market-age broilers under HT are summarized and discussed in this review.

Role of Hormones in Plant Adaptation to Heat Stress

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Yan-Hong Zhou ◽  
Jing-Quan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Plant Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation To Heat

scholarly journals Translational adaptation to heat stress is mediated by 5-methylcytosine RNA modification in Caenorhabditis elegans

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Cunha Navarro ◽  
Francesca Tuorto ◽  
David Jordan ◽  
Carine Legrand ◽  
Jonathan Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Rna Modification ◽  
Translation Efficiency ◽  
Nucleotide Modification ◽  
Adaptation To Heat ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTMethylation of carbon-5 of cytosines (m5C) is a post-transcriptional nucleotide modification of RNA found in all kingdoms of life. While individual m5C-methyltransferases have been studied, the impact of the global cytosine-5 methylome on development, homeostasis and stress remains unknown. Here, using Caenorhabditis elegans, we generated the first organism devoid of m5C in RNA, demonstrating that this modification is non-essential. We determined the localisation and enzymatic specificity of m5C sites in RNA in vivo and showed that animals devoid of m5C are sensitive to temperature stress. At the molecular level, we showed that loss of m5C specifically impacts decoding of leucine and proline thus reducing the translation efficiency of transcripts enriched in these amino acids. Finally, we found translation of leucine UUG codons to be the most strongly affected upon heat shock, suggesting a role of m5C tRNA wobble methylation in the adaptation to heat stress.

scholarly journals Chronic prenatal heat stress alters growth, carcass composition, and physiological response of growing pigs subjected to postnatal heat stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aira Maye Serviento ◽  
Bénédicte Lebret ◽  
David Renaudeau
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Altered Thyroid ◽  
Skin Temperatures

Abstract Postnatal heat stress (HS) effects on pig physiology and performance are widely studied but prenatal HS studies, albeit increasing, are still limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chronic prenatal HS effects in growing pigs raised in postnatal thermoneutral (TN) or in HS environment. For prenatal environment (PE), mixed-parity pregnant sows were exposed to either TN (PTN; cyclic 18 to 24 °C; n = 12) or HS (PHS; cyclic 28 to 34 °C; n = 12) conditions from day 9 to 109 of gestation. Two female offspring per sow were selected at 10 wk of age and allotted to one of two postnatal growing environments (GE): GTN (cyclic 18 to 24 °C; n = 24) and GHS (cyclic 28 to 34 °C; n = 24). From 75 to 140 d of age, GTN pigs remained in GTN conditions, while GHS pigs were in GTN conditions from 75 to 81 d of age and in GHS conditions from 82 to 140 d of age. Regardless of PE, postnatal HS increased rectal and skin temperatures (+0.30 and +1.61 °C on average, respectively; P < 0.01) and decreased ADFI (−332 g/d; P < 0.01), resulting in lower ADG and final BW (−127 g/d and −7.9 kg, respectively; P < 0.01). The GHS pigs exhibited thicker backfat (P < 0.01), lower carcass loin percentage (P < 0.01), increased plasma creatinine levels (P < 0.01), and decreased plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, T3, and T4 levels (P < 0.05). Prenatal HS increased feed intake in an age-dependent manner (+10 g·kg BW–0.60·d−1 for PHS pigs in the last 2 wk of the trial; P = 0.02) but did not influence BW gain (P > 0.10). Prenatal HS decreased the plasma levels of superoxide dismutase on day 3 of GHS (trend at P = 0.08) and of T4 on day 49 (P < 0.01) but did not affect T3 on day 3 nor 49 (P > 0.10). Prenatal HS increased rectal and skin temperatures and decreased temperature gradient between rectal and skin temperatures in GTN pigs (+0.10, +0.33 and −0.22 °C, respectively; P < 0.05) but not in GHS pigs (P > 0.10). There were also PE × GE interactions found with lower BW (P = 0.06) and higher backfat (P < 0.01) and perirenal adiposity (P < 0.05) for GHS–PHS pigs than the other groups. Overall, increased body temperature and altered thyroid functions and physiological stress responses suggest decreased heat tolerance and dissipation ability of pigs submitted to a whole-gestation chronic prenatal HS. Postnatal HS decreased growth performance, increased carcass adiposity, and affected metabolic traits and thyroid functions especially in pigs previously submitted to prenatal HS.

scholarly journals The Role of Polyphenols in Abiotic Stress Response: The Influence of Molecular Structure

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Dunja Šamec ◽  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Ivana Šola ◽  
Valerija Vujčić Bok ◽  
Branka Salopek-Sondi
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Abiotic Stress Response ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Abiotic Stressors

Abiotic stressors such as extreme temperatures, drought, flood, light, salt, and heavy metals alter biological diversity and crop production worldwide. Therefore, it is important to know the mechanisms by which plants cope with stress conditions. Polyphenols, which are the largest group of plant-specialized metabolites, are generally recognized as molecules involved in stress protection in plants. This diverse group of metabolites contains various structures, from simple forms consisting of one aromatic ring to more complex ones consisting of large number of polymerized molecules. Consequently, all these molecules, depending on their structure, may show different roles in plant growth, development, and stress protection. In the present review, we aimed to summarize data on how different polyphenol structures influence their biological activity and their roles in abiotic stress responses. We focused our review on phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenoids, and lignans.

scholarly journals bZIP17 regulates heat stress tolerance at reproductive stage in Arabidopsis

aBIOTECH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Gao ◽  
Mei-Jing Wang ◽  
Jing-Jing Wang ◽  
Hai-Ping Lu ◽  
Jian-Xiang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Heat Stress Response ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Heat Stress Tolerance ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

AbstractHigh temperature elicits a well-conserved response called the unfolded protein response (UPR) to bring protein homeostasis in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Two key UPR regulators bZIP28 and bZIP60 have been shown to be essential for maintaining fertility under heat stress conditions in Arabidopsis, however, the function of transcriptional activator bZIP17, a paralog of bZIP28, in heat stress response at reproductive stage is not reported. Here we found that bzip17 mutant plants were sensitive to heat stress in terms of silique length and fertility comparing to that of wildtype (WT) Arabidopsis plants, and transcriptomic analysis showed that 1380 genes were specifically up-regulated and 493 genes were specifically down-regulated by heat stress in the flowers of WT plants comparing to that in bzip17 mutant plants. These bZIP17-dependent up-regulated genes were enriched in responses to abiotic stresses such as water deprivation and salt stress. Further chromatin immuno-precipitation coupled with high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) uncovered 1645 genes that were direct targets of bZIP17 in MYC-bZIP17 expressing seedlings subjected to heat stress. Among these 1645 genes, ERSE-II cis-element was enriched in the binding peaks of their promoters, and the up-regulation of 113 genes by heat stress in flowers was dependent on bZIP17. Our results revealed direct targets of bZIP17 in flowers during heat stress responses and demonstrated the important role of bZIP17 in maintaining fertility upon heat stress in plants.

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