scholarly journals Gut Digestive Function and Microbiome after Correction of Experimental Dysbiosis in Rats by Indigenous Bifidobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 522
Author(s):  
Lyudmila V. Gromova ◽  
Elena I. Ermolenko ◽  
Anastasiya L. Sepp ◽  
Yulia V. Dmitrieva ◽  
Anna S. Alekseeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Digestive Enzymes ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Beneficial Bacteria ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Dyspeptic Symptoms ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Impaired Motor Function

In recent years, great interest has arisen in the use of autoprobiotics (indigenous bacteria isolated from the organism and introduced into the same organism after growing). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of indigenous bifidobacteria on intestinal microbiota and digestive enzymes in a rat model of antibiotic-associated dysbiosis. Our results showed that indigenous bifidobacteria (the Bf group) accelerate the disappearance of dyspeptic symptoms in rats and prevent an increase in chyme mass in the upper intestine compared to the group without autoprobiotics (the C1 group), but significantly increase the mass of chyme in the colon compared to the C1 group and the control group (healthy animals). In the Bf group in the gut microbiota, the content of opportunistic bacteria (Proteus spp., enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) decreased, and the content of some beneficial bacteria (Bifidobacterium spp., Dorea spp., Blautia spp., the genus Ruminococcus, Prevotella, Oscillospira) changed compared to the control group. Unlike the C1 group, in the Bf group there was no decrease in the specific activities of maltase and alkaline phosphatase in the mucosa of the upper intestine, but the specific activity of maltase was decreased in the colon chyme compared to the control and C1 groups. In the Bf group, the specific activity of aminopeptidase N was reduced in the duodenum mucosa and the colon chyme compared to the control group. We concluded that indigenous bifidobacteria can protect the microbiota and intestinal digestive enzymes in the intestine from disorders caused by dysbiosis; however, there may be impaired motor function of the colon.

scholarly journals Identification and Function of the pdxY Gene, Which Encodes a Novel Pyridoxal Kinase Involved in the Salvage Pathway of Pyridoxal 5′-Phosphate Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli K-12

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (7) ◽  
pp. 1814-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Ho-Ching Tiffany Tsui ◽  
Tsz-Kwong Man ◽  
Malcolm E. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Salvage Pathway ◽  
Pyridoxal Kinase ◽  
Triple Mutant ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACT pdxK encodes a pyridoxine (PN)/pyridoxal (PL)/pyridoxamine (PM) kinase thought to function in the salvage pathway of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) coenzyme biosynthesis. The observation that pdxK null mutants still contain PL kinase activity led to the hypothesis that Escherichia coli K-12 contains at least one other B6-vitamer kinase. Here we support this hypothesis by identifying the pdxY gene (formally, open reading frame f287b) at 36.92 min, which encodes a novel PL kinase. PdxY was first identified by its homology to PdxK in searches of the complete E. coli genome. Minimal clones of pdxY + overexpressed PL kinase specific activity about 10-fold. We inserted an omega cassette intopdxY and crossed the resultingpdxY::ΩKanr mutation into the bacterial chromosome of a pdxB mutant, in which de novo PLP biosynthesis is blocked. We then determined the growth characteristics and PL and PN kinase specific activities in extracts ofpdxK and pdxY single and double mutants. Significantly, the requirement of the pdxB pdxK pdxY triple mutant for PLP was not satisfied by PL and PN, and the triple mutant had negligible PL and PN kinase specific activities. Our combined results suggest that the PL kinase PdxY and the PN/PL/PM kinase PdxK are the only physiologically important B6vitamer kinases in E. coli and that their function is confined to the PLP salvage pathway. Last, we show thatpdxY is located downstream from pdxH (encoding PNP/PMP oxidase) and essential tyrS (encoding aminoacyl-tRNATyr synthetase) in a multifunctional operon.pdxY is completely cotranscribed with tyrS, but about 92% of tyrS transcripts terminate at a putative Rho-factor-dependent attenuator located in thetyrS-pdxY intercistronic region.

Impact of Activities OF NA+,K+-Atpase and CA2+-Atpase in the Cochlear Lateral Wall on Recovery from Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift

2002 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 842-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-Jen Hsu ◽  
Te-Huei Yeh ◽  
Yuh-Shyang Chen ◽  
Shiann-Yann Lee ◽  
Wen-Yi Shau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Threshold Shift ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Temporary Threshold Shift ◽  
Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽  
Reversible Inactivation ◽  
Specific Activities

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) and the specific activities of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+-ATPase) and calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) in the cochlear lateral wall. The specific activities of these enzymes were quantified by microcolorimetric assay. Changes in auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds were compared with the quantitative alterations of the specific activities of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in the cochlear lateral wall of guinea pigs with a noise-induced TTS. In the majority of those noise-exposed ears with complete recovery of ABR thresholds, the specific activities of both enzymes returned to at least 70% of the mean specific activity of the control group. Although other factors may be involved, reversible inactivation of Na+,K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase in the cochlear lateral wall may be one component of the TTS. Our present findings could drive further studies on the molecular basis of noise-induced hearing loss.

Maternal dietary deficiency and its effect on the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins. "Effect of exchanging the young, during the lactation period, between the control and undernourished female rats"

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapas Goswami ◽  
Uma Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Dietary Deficiency

The effect of maternal dietary deficiency on the metabolism of nucleic acids and proteins was studied by exchanging the pups of control and undernourished dams during the lactation period. In the pups of control dams fostered by undernourished dams during the lactation period (E3), it was observed that the body and organ weight, and RNA, DNA, and protein content failed to increase normally. Contrary to this, the free leucine and nucleotide contents were higher and their specific activities lower in the plasma and various organs of the E3 group as compared with the control group.Specific activity of protein was higher in the liver, brain, kidney, and lung, and was lower in the spleen and heart of the E3 group as compared with the control group. Specific activity of RNA was higher in the liver, spleen, and lung, and was lower in the brain, kidney, and heart of the E3 group as compared with the control group.In the pups of undernourished dams fostered by the control dams during the lactation period (E1), the body and organ weights, the RNA, DNA, and protein content, the content of free leucine and nucleotides as well as their specific activities, and the specific activity of protein and RNA were partially or completely restored. However, the DNA content of the brain remained unchanged in comparison with those pups of undernourished dams nursed by their own mother (E2). In the brain, kidney, spleen, and lung of the E1 group, the specific activity of RNA increased considerably and even exceeded the control values.The radioactivity results discussed above clearly demonstrate an accelerated metabolism of protein and RNA in the various organs of the E3 group and a partial or complete normalization in the E1 group.

scholarly journals Oregano Essential Oil (Origanum vulgare L.), as a Food-supplement in a Rearing of Piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Salamon ◽  
J. Poracova ◽  
M. Hrytsyna
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Physiological Effect ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
Oil Extract

The article describes the results of the study of the physiological effect on the organism of pigs - mammals and weaned piglets. Feed additives were made from the essential oil of Origanum vulgare “Aditívum do kŕmnych zmesí na báze pamajoránu”. It has been established that O. vulgare dry grass contains essential oils (0.15–0.50%), where carvacrol, thymol, cymol and other terpenes are main components. Extract of O. vulgare essential oil has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the enteropathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli hemolytic and Salmonella enteritica var. Enteritidis. In quantifying, it was found that 20% of the essential oil extract has inhibition role, which is 4 times more effective than 100%, has the largest inhibitory role. The resistant symbiotic bacterium of the gut Enterococcus faecium M-7 was not affected by essential oil. The following indicators were used to establish the physiological effect of herbal supplements on the body of piglets: increasment in body weight, resistance of piglets to diseases, the state of intestinal microflora. A control and two experimental groups were added for the experiment, where the phyto-additive was included in to the feed: the first consisted of bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum with 0.05% extract of O. vulgare (LO) essential oil and the second – only 0.05% essential oil extract О. vulgare. (O). In the two experimental groups, the pigs' health was good and their mortality was not observed either before or after weaning. The incidence was 18% before weaning and 36% after weaning in the control group. The average daily weight gaining was significant in both groups (31–36%). Moreover, piglets were larger at birth and before weaning they increased in weight to 8 times, whereas over the next 24 days their weight increased only to 50%. The difference in gaining weight between the two expirimantal groups was insignificant. The use of the herbal supplement LO is more effective than O, because the stability index of the gut microbiota gradually increases from 2.2 to 3.37 due to decrease in the number of opportunistic bacteria Escherichia coli and enterobacteria and growth of lactobacilli. Therefore, a phyto-supplement consisting of Lactobacillus plantarum bacteria with 0.05% O. vulgare (LO) essential oil extract can be recommended as a probiotic to feed mammals and weaned pigs for improving health and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Experimental infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli identified by PCR using enteric-coated capsules in boxer pups

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-148
Author(s):  
Eliana Maria Ferreira Gouveia ◽  
Iandara Schettert Silva ◽  
Gerson Nakazato ◽  
Flábio Ribeiro de Araujo ◽  
Marilene Rodrigues Chang
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enteric Coating ◽  
Coating Solution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Enteric Coated

PURPOSE: To verify the possibility of an experimental infection with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli and to confirm by PCR that the symptoms manifested after infection were due to the virulence factors of the studied bacteria. METHODS: Experimental units were 14 healthy pups of Boxer breed, aged 60 days. The animals were divided into three groups. One animal from each litter was included in a control group and the remaining animals were divided into two groups: one inoculated with strain 4083, and another one inoculated with strain SPA14. Gelatinous capsules coated with enteric-coating solution were used for the inoculation of strains. E. coli isolation from feces was performed for all tested animals, and the extracted DNA was subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). RESULTS: All infected animals presented diarrhea and had the gene eae amplified by PCR. CONCLUSION: The efficiency of PCR for the studied strains indicates that this technique can be recommended for the diagnosis of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli as a differential from other pathogens causing diarrhea. It may also be used in the future to verify whether other virulence factors (bfpA gene and EAF plasmid) persist after infection and to assess the pathogenicity of these bacteria.

Purification and characterization of D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase expressed in Escherichia coli

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 406-410
Author(s):  
Les Jones ◽  
Sharon Churchill ◽  
Perry Churchill
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Purification And Characterization ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Viable Method

D-β-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH), a lipid-requiring enzyme, has been cloned into pUC18, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified to homogeneity. The apoenzyme, i.e., the enzyme devoid of phospholipid, has no activity, but can be activated by phospholipid to a specific activity of 129 μmol/(min∙mg). The functional properties of the enzyme expressed in E. coli were compared with the enzyme purified from rat liver. The specific activities, kinetic parameters, and phospholipid activation profiles were virtually identical. These results indicate that the expression of the enzyme in E. coli is a viable method for producing active functional BDH and should allow for the production of specifically altered BDH molecules.Key words: D-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, cloning, expression, lipid requiring.

scholarly journals 726. Investigation of Epidemiological Characteristics and Outcomes in Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli positive patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S413-S413
Author(s):  
Heather Lusby ◽  
Kenneth Rand ◽  
Stacy Beal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background New generation multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels have led to the ability of rapid detection of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Although many studies have looked at the pathogenesis of this organism in the pediatric populations, fewer studies include adults. We aimed to determine if EPEC is pathogenic on its own, or has a predilection for certain populations based upon risk factors. This was achieved by comparing risk factors in patients positive for EPEC on the BioFire Gastrointestinal (GI) Pathogen Panel versus patients negative for all targets on the panel. Methods This is a single center case control study that was performed using a retrospective chart review from January 1, 2016 thru August 31, 2019. All patients were symptomatic with diarrheal illness and had a GI pathogen panel performed. The study group were patients that were EPEC positive. The control group were patients with a negative PCR panel that were matched three to one based upon age and gender. Chi-squared statistical analysis was used. Results 792 patients were evaluated. In the adult group the EPEC positive actual length of stay (LOS) was 13.5 rather than 9.3 in the control. Although this was not statically significant this trended towards a longer LOS as seen in Table 1. In the pediatric population, both expected and actual LOS were statically longer viewed in Table 2. This may be due to these patients being more chronically ill at baseline, with a greater number of pediatric coronary artery disease and ulcerative colitis in the control. Males were more likely to test positive for EPEC at 69.86% in the pediatric population than in the adult population with statistical significance at p=0.0035. The pediatric population had more co-infections with EPEC at 57.53% with p< 0.0001. This can be further seen in Table 3. Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Conclusion In the adult EPEC positive patients there was no statistically significant difference in length of stay in comparison to negative control. This raises the question to if this is truly a pathogen in adults. In the pediatric population, our control group was likely more ill, which made it difficult interpret the significance of differences in LOS. Disclosures Kenneth Rand, MD, BioFire Diagnostics, Inc (Consultant, Grant/Research Support, Advisor or Review Panel member, Research Grant or Support) Stacy Beal, MD, FilmArray BioFire (Grant/Research Support)

scholarly journals H,K-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase response to chronic systemic rat gastric hypoxia

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-8
Author(s):  
Ulfah Lutfiah ◽  
Sri W.A. Jusman ◽  
Mochammad Sadikin
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Hypoxic Condition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
The Third ◽  
Hcl Secretion ◽  
Specific Activities

Background: Hypoxia may induce gastric ulcer associated with excessive hidrogen chloride (HCl) secretion. Synthesis of HCl involves 2 enzymes, H,K-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA). This study aimed to clarify the underlying cause of gastric ulcer in chronic hypoxic condition, by investigating the H,K-ATPase and CA9 response in rats.Methods: This study was an in vivo experiment, to know the relationship between hypoxia to expression of H,K-ATPase and CA9 mRNA, and H,K-ATPase and total CA specific activity of chronic systemic rat gastric hypoxia. The result was compared to control. Data was analyzed by SPSS. If the data distribution was normal and homogeneous, ANOVA and LSD post-hoc test were used. However, if the distribution was not normal and not homogeneous, and still as such after transformation, data was treated in non-parametric using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney test. Twenty five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups: rats undergoing hypoxia for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days placed in hypoxia chamber (10% O2, 90% N2), and one control group. Following this treatment, stomach of the rats was extracted and homogenized. Expression of H,K-ATPase and CA9 mRNA was measured using real time RT-PCR. Specific activity of H,K-ATPase was measured using phosphate standard solution, and specific activity of total CA was measured using p-nitrophenol solution.Results: The expression of H,K-ATPase mRNA was higher in the first day (2.159), and drastically lowered from the third to seventh day (0.289; 0.108; 0.062). Specific activities of H,K-ATPase was slightly higher in the first day (0.765), then was lowered in the third (0.685) and fifth day (0.655), and was higher in the seventh day (0.884). The expression of CA9 mRNA was lowered progressively from the first to seventh day (0.84; 0.766; 0.736; 0.343). Specific activities of total CA was low in the first day (0.083), and was higher from the third to seventh day (0.111; 0.136; 0.144).Conclusion: In hypoxia condition, expression of H,K-ATPase and CA9 mRNA were decreased, but the specific activity of H,K-ATPase and total CA were increased.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Dadih Terhadap Keseimbangan Mikroflora Usus dan Tinggi Vili Ileum

Sari Pediatri ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Yusri Dianne Jurnalis
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Post Test

Latar belakang. Saat ini dikembangkan paradigma baru bahwa probiotik dapat menjadi suplemen terapi diare. Di Sumatera Barat sendiri dikenal probiotik tradisional, yaitu dadih yang merupakan produk susu kerbau fermentasi.Tujuan. Menilai pengaruh pemberian dadih terhadap keseimbangan mikroflora dan tinggi vili ileum mencit diare yang diinduksi dengan Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan randomized post test only control group. Sampel adalah 30 ekor mencit diinduksi dengan bakteri EPEC. Penelitian dilakukan pada Juni 2016 sampai Mei 2017.Hasil. Rerata total koloni bakteri asam laktat (BAL) meningkat pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Rerata total koloni bakteri patogen dan E.coli menurun pada kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif (p=0,001). Tinggi vili ileum tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Namun, pada kelompok perlakuan gambaran histopatologis menunjukkan destruksi epitel hanya 30% dan terjadinya reaksi imunologis terhadap infeksi EPEC dibuktikan dengan ditemukannya proliferasi limfoid dilapisan submukosa vili ileum.Kesimpulan. Terdapat pengaruh pemberian dadih terhadap keseimbangan mikroflora, tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada tinggi vili ileum.

scholarly journals Glutamine Supplementation Effects on Reducing Inflammation in The Ileum of Acute and Chronic Diarrhea Rats Induced by Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-82
Author(s):  
Deddy Satriya Putra ◽  
Fadil Oenzil ◽  
Eryati Darwin ◽  
Hafni Bachtiar ◽  
Tofrizal Tofrizal
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Enteropathogenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Post Test

BACKGROUND: Glutamine, a non-essential amino acid, is the main fuel in the gastrointestinal mucosa. It is thought to protect the intestinal mucosa against local or systemic injury from diarrhea. This study aimed to determine the relationship between glutamine supplementation and ileum histopathology in acute and chronic diarrhea rats induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC).METHODS: A randomized post-test only control group design was conducted. Thirty Rattus norvegicus Wistar strain were divided into 5 groups: one negative control group, two acute, and two chronic diarrhea groups. All four diarrhea groups were induced by EPEC at a dose of 108 CFU/mL. One acute and one chronic groups were supplemented with glutamine at a dose of 810 mg/200 g body weight for 14 days. While the other two diarrhea groups were not treated. The intestinal histopathology of each group was assessed and the level of inflammation was classified.RESULTS: Significant differences in inflammation levels were found among the groups (p<0.05). The highest inflammation level was observed in the acute diarrhea group without glutamine supplementation. Inflammation levels of both acute and chronic diarrhea with glutamine supplementation groups were significantly lower than the inflammation levels of acute and chronic diarrhea without glutamine supplementation groups.CONCLUSION: Supplementation of glutamine reduces the level of inflammation and leads to the histopathological improvement of the rat’s ileum.KEYWORDS: enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, glutamine, gastrointestinal tract, histopathology, ileum

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