Biosystematic studies of Elymus repens (L.) Gould (Poaceae): patterns of phenotypic variation
Inter- and intrapopulational morphological variability of <em>Elymus repens</em>, a cool-season peren-nial grass and a tenacious weed that spreads both by seeds and rhizomes forming a thick and stout net, was examined. Multivariate statistical analysis of 48 initial morphological characters obtained from 44 population samples (1180 specimens) collected in different habitats revealed the conspicuous variation within <em>E. repens</em>. Principal Component Analysis revealed three extremes of the morphological gradient that were referred to as three varieties of <em>E. repens</em>: var. <em>repens</em>, var. <em>aristatus</em> and var. <em>subulatus</em>, not correlated with the habitat type or geographi-cal location. Canonical Discriminant Analysis proved the taxonomic usefulness of characters such as awned or awnless glumes and lemmas as well as the shape of glumes for variety di-stinction. Results of morphological analysis, in relation to the low level of genetic variation showed in the previous studies, suggest that the extensive morphological variation of <em>E. re-pens</em> can be caused by its plasticity where different morphological patterns are realized on the same genome basis. Additionally, the open-pollinated system of mating results in new combi-nations of morphological characters of plants that further reproduce vegetatively by rhizomes. The nomenclature, taxonomic descriptions and a key to the three varieties are provided.