scholarly journals The dynamics of the population of a steppe perennial Senecio macrophyllus M.BIEB. during xerothermic grassland overgrowing

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Reproduction Mode ◽  
Model Object ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Individual Fecundity

The study aimed to determine the long-term changes of the <em>Senecio macrophyllus</em> M.BIEB. population traits: the abundance, reproduction mode, individual fecundity, seed rain and recruitment of new genets in the course of xerothermic grassland overgrowing. The study had also the applied goal: to estimate the chances of "special care" species to survive in the changing environment without management regime for the maintenance of grassland. The model object was the island population of large-leaved ragwort on Biała Góra (the White Mountain) near Tomaszów Lubelski, South-East Poland. To achieve these aims I used the following sets of data: phytosociological relev,s made in plant communities in an interval of 16-18 years; repeated elaboration of the numbers and life-stage structure of the population, both by non-surface and surface method; observation of plants<sup>,</sup> life cycle in 50 labelled genets; population reproduction and seed rain amounts. The area of an open xerothermic grassland decreased due to the process of overgrowing by bushes which was accompanied by the increasing coverage of forest and meadow herbs as well as monocotyledons, mainly <em>Brachypodium pinnatum</em> and <em>Calamagrostis epigejos</em>. The abundance of the <em>S. macrophyllus</em> population noticable diminished. The flowering mode has been changing during years from an oscillation to a chaotic type which caused the significant decreasing of the individual fecundity, population reproduction and seed rain. In last years it was reflected in the interruption of juveniles’ recruitment.

scholarly journals Long-Term Changes in Spatial Patterns and Life-Stage Structure in a Population of Senecio umbrosus Waldst. et Kit. Along With the Transformation of Grassland Vegetation

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożenna Czarnecka
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Initial Density ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Stage Structure ◽  
Clustering Coefficient ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Brachypodium Pinnatum ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos

This paper was a part of studies conducted within an island population of the ragwort <em>Senecio umbrosus </em>(White Mt, southeastern Poland), a vulnerable element of xerothermic grasslands. Special attention was paid to the effects of expansive grass encroachment vs. grassland burning episodes on spatiotemporal patterns and life-stage structure of individuals in the population. The population traits were investigated nine times from 1990 to 2010, within three permanent patches differing in soil properties, initial floristic composition, grassland cover (particularly the cover of <em>Brachypodium pinnatum</em>), ragwort cover and density, shrub/tree cover influencing light intensity (full light–shadow), and grassland burning (zero–six episodes). There was a drastic decline in ragwort abundance within all the study patches accompanied by a decrease in the population clustering coefficient and a gradual equalization of the spatial distribution of ramets. The abundance was negatively correlated (PCA analysis) with an increase in <em>B. pinnatum </em>cover and positively correlated with the number of burning episodes, which temporarily delimited persistent litter cover and facilitated recruitment of new individuals. The decrease in ramet abundance ranged from 3.8 times (medium-high, moderately shadowed grassland; six cases of burning) to 8.3 times (high, dense, and shadowed grassland; four cases of burning). The patch of low, loose, sunlit, and never-burned grassland with the greatest initial density of ragwort (a 6.8-fold decrease in abundance) has evolved with time into a high and dense grassland with a greater coverage of <em>B. pinnatum </em>and <em>Calamagrostis epigejos</em>, additionally shaded by shrubs and young trees.

Where the Millennials Will Take Us

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Risman
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Research ◽  
Fourth Wave

In this book Barbara J. Risman uses her gender structure theory to tackle the question about whether today’s young people, Millennials, are pushing forward the gender revolution or backing away from it. In the first part of the book, Risman revises her theoretical argument to differentiate more clearly between culture and material aspects of each level of gender as a social structure. She then uses previous research to explain that today’s young people spend years in a new life stage where they are emerging as adults. The new research presented here offers a typology of how today’s young people wrestle with gender during the years of emerging adulthood. How do they experience gender at the individual level? What are the expectations they face because of their sex? What are their ideological beliefs and organizational constraints based on their gender category? Risman suggests there is great variety within this generation. She identifies four strategies used by young people: true believers in gender difference, innovators who want to push boundaries in feminist directions, straddlers who are simply confused, and rebels who sometimes identify as genderqueer and reject gender categories all together. The final chapter offers a utopian vision that would ease the struggles of all these groups, a fourth wave of feminism that rejects the gender structure itself. Risman envisions a world where the sex ascribed at birth matters has few consequences beyond reproduction.

scholarly journals How Bovine Livestock Affects Seed Rain in Subtropical Climate Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Maureen de Moraes Stefanello ◽  
Ana Paula Moreira Rovedder ◽  
Roselene Marostega Felker ◽  
Matheus Degrandi Gazzola ◽  
Betina Camargo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Seed Rain ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Floristic Similarity ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
History Of

Seed rainfall may be one of the mechanisms most impacted by livestock production in forest remnants. The trampling and cattle grazing alter dynamics, structure and floristic composition of the forest. The present work characterized the seed rainin forest remnants and the possible impacts of the presence and the management regime with different cattle stocks in the Pampa biome, southern region of Brazil. We compared three areas in Seasonal Forest remnants with a management history of 43 years: cattle exclusion area (A1); area with a cattle stock of 0.5 ua ha-1 (A2); and area with cattle stock of 1.0 ua ha-1 (A3). The seed rain was collected quarterly in 16 collectors (1 &times; 1 m&sup2;) per area for 24 months. The seeds were counted and identified according to external morphological characteristics, habit and dispersion syndrome. Shannon diversity index, submitted to the Hutcheson test, Pielou evenness, expected diversity and floristic similarity were determined. The results indicated that the impacts caused by livestock to seed rain were more significant in A3 where a quantitative reduction in the number of seeds was observed, probably due to the low number of plant individuals that make up the community.

Stages in the Role Cycle of Pastoral Counseling

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Robert L. Randall
Keyword(s):  
Pastoral Counseling ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Pastoral Counselor ◽  
Stage Theory ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Counselor Role ◽  
The Individual

Contends that there is a role of pastoral counseling which moves through a cycle with discernable stages. These role cycle stages are independent of any particular life stage the individual pastoral counselor may be passing through and may be traversed at any age of adulthood. The stages identified are: pastoral counselor role acquisition; pastoral counseling role performance; pastoral counselor's role assessment; and pastoral counseling role restructuring or rejection. Concludes with a brief statement of implications of a role stage theory.

4 The silent scream or the menopause

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (1132) ◽  
pp. 120.2-120
Author(s):  
Emma Barnard ◽  
Wendy French
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Collaborative Approach ◽  
Older Woman ◽  
Regular Group ◽  
Life Crisis ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health And Well Being

A project is being developed between artists and researchers to identify how to reduce loneliness and isolation in the older woman which could be a model for health and well-being clinics to adapt.Regular sessions with artists and wordsmiths can help to minimise the stress caused by the menopause (add (1 or 2) reference(s) if available). Fears, anxieties and depression are symptoms often experienced with this life stage. Mid-life crisis is an expression that can be an unhelpful way to describe the natural aging of a woman’s body. Negative concepts and poor jokes can add to a woman feeling diminished around the natural process of aging. A regular group might talk and explore these feelings with an artist ready to translate words into pictures, and create with the group a positive collage of loss in this respect. We would see whether looking at poems written by women who have gone through the menopause, finding how to identify with others and their loss, and exploring whether the experiences of others help the individual to feel better about themselves. Would this collaborative approach with women help them to feel more positive about the next life stage and therefore enable them to live a healthier life?

scholarly journals The economic value of environmental data: a notional insurance scheme for the European anchovy

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1033-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita María Rincón ◽  
John D. Mumford ◽  
Polina Levontin ◽  
Adrian W. Leach ◽  
Javier Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Gulf Of Cadiz ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Gulf Of Cádiz

Abstract Anchovy population dynamics in the Gulf of Cádiz are governed by environmental processes. Sea surface temperature, intense easterly winds, and discharges from the Guadalquivir River have been identified as key factors determining early life stage mortality in this anchovy stock. We have constructed an environment-based recruitment model that simulates the abundance of juveniles under alternative parameters representing plausible biological hypotheses. We are able to evaluate how modelling environment-based recruitment can affect stock assessment and how responding to environmental information can benefit fishery management to allow greater average catch levels through the application of harvest control rules (HCRs) based on environmental conditions. While the environment-based rules generally increase allowable catch levels the variance in catch levels also increases, detracting from the improved value based only on average yield. In addition to changes in revenue, the probability of stock collapse is also reduced by using environmental factors in HCRs. To assess the value of these management systems we simulate a notional insurance scheme, which applies a value to both average yields and uncertainty. The value of the information-driven rules can be determined by comparing the relevant premiums payable for equal levels of insurance cover on revenue within each specific management regime. We demonstrate the net value of incorporating environmental factors in the management of anchovies in the Gulf of Cádiz despite the increased variability in revenue. This could be an effective method to describe outcomes for both commercial fisheries and ecosystem management policies, and as a guide to management of other species whose dynamics are predictable based on in-season observations.

AERIAL VIDEOGRAMMETRY FROM A TETHERED AIRSHIP TO ASSESS MANATEE LIFE-STAGE STRUCTURE

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard O. Flamm ◽  
Edward C. G. Owen ◽  
Caryn F. W. Owen ◽  
Randall S. Wells ◽  
Doug Nowacek
Keyword(s):  
Life Stage ◽  
Stage Structure

Life-Span Changes in Activities, and Consequent Changes in the Cognition and Assessment of the Environment

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer Christopher
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Environmental Cognition ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Adaptive Nature

In this chapter, I sketch an integrated account of environmental assessment, cognition, and action throughout the individual’s life span. Zimring and Gross (this volume) have already described how the schema is structured to include all three aspects; Canter (this volume) has extended this to stress the social context of meanings and actions in which these schema operate; and this chapter accepts and develops their positions. What further can a life-span approach add to the arguments advanced in these earlier integrative chapters? Liben (this volume) has already stated the case most powerfully with respect to her topic, environmental cognition; and it can as easily be applied to evaluation and action. A life-span approach enables development to be put in context: what earlier stages have so far equipped the individual to do, what the demands of the current situation are on the individual, and how variations at the present stage can affect later development. Taking this developmental perspective throws the emphasis on process and on the adaptive nature of the environmental schema for the particular life stage reached by the individual. As such, the perspective provides a test bed for examining the range of theoretical relationships between affect, cognition, and action in the environment advanced in earlier chapters. The life-span approach can also serve to reintroduce into the field a sense of the importance of individual differences, and continuities of individuality through life, which is conspicuously missing from many of the earlier chapters. The developmental tradition within psychology has not, as a whole, stressed individual differences as much as has done the life-span developmental. The life-span perspective has been much concerned with continuities and developments within the individual, as goals and tasks change over the life course. Much mainstream “developmental” research lacks this sense of continuity, being often presented as a series of snapshots of the typical child at different ages or stages. In contrast, the life-span approach, as Liben’s chapter reminds us, emphasizes the processes whereby developments occur, and conceptualizes this development as affected by biological changes, psychological development, changes in the individual’s social role and context, cultural forces, and historical changes during the individual’s life span.

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