scholarly journals Involvement of aba in flower induction of Pharbitis nil

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Wilmowicz ◽  
Kamil Frankowski ◽  
Paulina Glazińska ◽  
Jacek Kęsy ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Flower Induction ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Endogenous Abscisic Acid ◽  
Flower Inhibition ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Floral Bud

<p>Flowering of plants is controlled by hormones among which both stimulators and inhibitors are present. The role of abscisic acid (ABA) in flower induction of the short day plant <em>Pharbitis nil</em> was shown in our experiments through exogenous applications and endogenous level determination of the hormone in cotyledons of seedlings grown under special light conditions.</p><p>The application of ABA to cotyledons or shoot apices during the first half of a 24-h long inductive night inhibits flowering. The same compound applied towards the end of or after a 14-h long subinductive night increases the number of flower buds produced by these plants.</p><p>Exposing <em>P. nil</em> seedlings at the beginning of a 24-h long inductive night to far red light (FR) decreases the level of endogenous abscisic acid in cotyledons and leads to flower inhibition. However, a pulse of red light (R) reversing the inhibitory effect of far red light on the flowering of <em>P. nil</em> increases the ABA content.</p><p>The results obtained confirm previous observations that ABA may play a dual and an important role in the regulation of floral bud formation in <em>P. nil</em>. The flowering occurs when the level of endogenous abscisic acid is low at the beginning and is high toward the end of the inductive night.</p>

Dormancy-break and germination in seeds of Prunus campanulata (Rosaceae): role of covering layers and changes in concentration of abscisic acid and gibberellins

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun-Ying Chen ◽  
Ching-Te Chien ◽  
Jeng-Der Chung ◽  
Yuh-Shyong Yang ◽  
Shing-Rong Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Carotenoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

AbstractIntact seeds (seed+endocarp) from freshly harvested fruits of Prunus campanulata were dormant, and required 4–6 weeks of warm followed by 8 weeks of cold stratification for maximum germination percentage. Removing both endocarp and seed coat, however, promoted germination in a high percentage of non-stratified seeds. Treatment of intact, non-stratified seeds with gibberellic acid (GA3) was only partially effective in breaking dormancy. However, GA3 promoted germination of non-stratified seeds in which the endocarp (but not the seed coat) had been removed. The order of abscisic acid (ABA) concentration in fresh seeds was endocarp > seed coat > embryo, and its concentration in endocarp plus seed coat was about 6.2-fold higher than that in the embryo. Total ABA contents of seeds subjected to warm and/or cold moist stratification were reduced 6- to 12-fold. A higher concentration of GA4 was detected in embryos of non-dormant than in those of dormant seeds. Fluridone, a carotenoid biosynthesis inhibitor, was efficient in breaking dormancy of Prunus seeds. Paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, completely inhibited seed germination, and the inhibitory effect could be partially reversed by GA4, but not by GA3. Thus, dormancy in P. campanulata seeds is imposed by the covering layers. Dormancy break is accompanied by a decrease in ABA content of the covering layers and germination by an increase of embryonic GA4 content.

Accumulation of abscisic acid in cotton fibre and seed of normal and abnormal bolls

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONAL J. GOKANI ◽  
VRINDA S. THAKER
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Endogenous Abscisic Acid ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) yield and quality is affected by altered fruiting patterns with progress in season. The present study was conducted to analyse normal and altered (abnormal) boll (fruit) development at maturation phase. Both normal and abnormal bolls of the same age groups were analysed for growth in terms of dry weight, water content and endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) content of fibre and seed. Endogenous level of ABA was estimated by using antibodies raised against ABA–protein conjugate. To amplify the reaction, indirect ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay) was performed. A marked decrease in dry matter accumulation (DMA) of seed and fibre was observed in abnormal bolls as the season progressed. Fibre from the abnormal bolls showed marked variation in endogenous ABA content, however, in abnormal seeds water content and endogenous abscisic acid content showed significant variation compared to that of normal bolls. From the results, it is concluded that a marked decrease in seed dry weight may be because of a decrease in water content and accumulation of higher endogenous abscisic acid content, whereas, the major reason for reduced fibre weight may be due to accumulation of endogenous abscisic acid.

scholarly journals Phytochrome-controlled level of growth substances in etiolated oat seedlings

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 381-388
Author(s):  
Jan Kopcewicz ◽  
Kazimierz Madela
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
Growth Substances ◽  
Photostationary State ◽  
Endogenous Abscisic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

Irradiation with red light of coleoptiles and leaves of etiolated oat seedlings, causing photoconversion of phytochrome mainly into P<sub>fr</sub>, leads to the release of free auxins and free gibberellins from conjugated forms. The effect of red light is reversible by far-red light irradiation. A correlation between the photostationary state of phytochrome and endogenous abscisic acid content was not found.

scholarly journals Involvement of the IAA-Regulated ACC Oxidase Gene PnACO3 in Pharbitis Nil Flower Inhibition

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Wilmowicz ◽  
Kamil Frankowski ◽  
Agata Kućko ◽  
Jacek Kęsy ◽  
Jan Kopcewicz
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Pharbitis Nil ◽  
Transcription Level ◽  
Previous Suggestion ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxidase Gene ◽  
Flower Inhibition

Abstract The study examined the influence of light and auxin on the transcription level of PnACO3, a gene involved in ethylene production, in relation to the inhibitory effect of ethylene on flower induction in the short-day plant Pharbitis nil (=Ipomoea nil). Exogenous auxin was shown to increase the level of PnACO3 mRNA, with the effect depending on the experimental conditions. Light did not affect the level of PnACO3 mRNA. Applying auxin to seedling cotyledons at the beginning of inductive night boosted PnACO3 transcriptional activity even threefold during the next few hours, supporting our previous suggestion that the inhibitory effect of auxin on P. nil flowering results from its stimulatory effect on ethylene production.

Determination of endogenous abscisic acid levels in immature cereal embryos during in vitro culture

Planta ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 173 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Morris ◽  
E. W. Weiler ◽  
S. E. Maddock ◽  
M. G. L. Jones ◽  
J. R. Lenton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Endogenous Abscisic Acid ◽  
Cereal Embryos

Tomato mutants sensitive to abiotic stress display different abscisic acid content and metabolism during germination

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Andrade ◽  
Oscar Masciarelli ◽  
Sergio Alemano ◽  
Virginia Luna ◽  
Guillermina Abdala
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Aba Metabolism ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Aba Catabolism ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Abscisic Acid Content

AbstractWe report the determination of abscisic acid (ABA) and its metabolites, phaseic acid (PA), dihydrophaseic acid (DPA) and ABA glucose ester (ABA-GE), in non-dormant dry and imbibed seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicumMill.) cv. Moneymaker (wild type), and itstss1,tss2andtos1mutants. High ABA in dry seeds may originate from ABA accumulation in the sheath tissue, which was in contact with an ABA-containing medium, the endocarpus. The highest germination percentages at 72 h, observed intss1andtss2, coincided with minimal ABA content. Wild-type and mutant seeds showed different ABA and catabolic patterns, and these were correlated with their sensitivity to abiotic stress. Whereas dry seeds showed a high basal ABA, imbibed seeds showed higher ABA metabolite content, particularly DPA. The dramatic decrease of ABA following seed imbibition suggests an activation of ABA catabolism during the early stages of the germination process. The observed variation of ABA metabolites among dry and imbibed seeds ofSolanum lycopersicumcv. Moneymaker and itstss1,tss2andtos1mutants shows that ABA metabolism is differentially regulated in these genotypes.

Characterization of SAN 9789-Stimulated Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Seed Germination

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Olof Widell ◽  
Christer Sundqvist ◽  
Hemming I. Virgin
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Grand Rapids ◽  
Minor Degree ◽  
A Minor

Dark germination of light-requiring lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativaL. ‘Grand Rapids’) was stimulated by SAN 9789 [4-chloro-5-(methylamino-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and to a minor degree by BASF 13761 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] and BASF 44521 [4-chloro-5-methoxy-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], but not by’ pyrazon [5-amino-4-chloro-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9785 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3 (2H)-pyridazinone], SAN 9774 [5-amino-4-chloro-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone], or SAN 6706 [4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone]. SAN 9789 stimulation was inhibited by cis-4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboximide (CHDC), and abscisic acid (ABA) at 1 × 10-4M. Red light nullified the inhibitory effect of CHDC (1 × 10-4M) but not the inhibitory effect of ABA (1 × 10-4M) on SAN 9789 stimulated germination. Gibberellic acid (GA3) and kinetin (6-furfurylaminopurine) increased the germination stimulatory effect of SAN 9789 in darkness. Temperatures above 25 C decreased the effect of SAN 9789, with a temperature of 35 C completely inhibiting germination. The inhibitory effect of CHDC was strongly decreased at temperatures below 20 C. SAN 9789-induced germination in darkness was always the same (25 to 26% units increase in germination) even though the red light-stimulated germination differed with the seed batch.

Effects of Light and Leaching on Germination of Saffron Thistle (Carthamus lanatus L.)

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
G.C Wright ◽  
J.R McWilliam ◽  
R.D.B Whalley
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Sensitivity ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Endogenous Abscisic Acid ◽  
Seed Hull

Breaking of dormancy of saffron thistle 'seed' can be achieved by leaching during imbibition in the presence of red light (600-680 nm). The results suggest a transient light sensitivity during the first 24 h of imbibition which, in non-leached seed, may be prevented independently by an inhibitor present in the embryo. Leaching and imbibing seed in the light appears to entrain a series of responses including changes in the properties of the seed hull and leaching and/or metabolism of endogenous abscisic acid present in the embryo. Once these changes are completed, usually within the first 24 h, the embryo initiates germination. This regulation of germination involving both light and leaching, together with the species potential for long-term survival in a dormant stage, has obvious adaptive significance and helps to explain why saffron thistle is such a persistent weed in cereal growing areas.

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