Knowledge of tuberculosis and vaccine trial preparedness in Lima, Peru

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 1288-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Shu ◽  
M. E. Sobieszczyk ◽  
V. G. Sal y Rosas ◽  
P. Segura ◽  
J. T. Galea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
Efficacy Studies

SETTING: A safe, effective vaccine would improve tuberculosis (TB) control worldwide. Extensive community engagement will be essential to ensure the interest and participation of populations at highest risk.OBJECTIVE/METHOD: To inform the potential implementation of efficacy studies, we assessed TB knowledge, attitudes towards licensed vaccines and willingness to participate in future TB vaccine efficacy trials among 262 household contacts of 79 recently diagnosed pulmonary TB cases in Lima, Peru.RESULTS: Overall knowledge of TB was low. Only 41.6% of household contacts perceived themselves as being at high risk of acquiring TB. Slightly above half (54.2%) indicated willingness to participate in a TB vaccine trial. After clustered analysis adjusting for homogeneity among families, willingness to enroll was associated with belief that receiving all recommended vaccinations is important (adjusted OR [aOR] 3.28, P = 0.016), desire to know more about TB risk factors and clinical trials (aOR 2.60, P = 0.004), older age (aOR 1.02, P = 0.027) and TB knowledge (aOR 0.05, P = 0.039).CONCLUSION: Barriers to participation in TB vaccine trials exist among individuals at high risk for TB. Targeted education about TB risk factors, TB transmission and education about the clinical trial process will be critical for laying the groundwork for future vaccine trials.

scholarly journals Willingness to participate in HIV vaccine efficacy trials among high risk men and women from fishing communities along Lake Victoria in Uganda

Vaccine ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (44) ◽  
pp. 5055-5061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gershim Asiki ◽  
Andrew Abaasa ◽  
Eugene Ruzagira ◽  
Freddie Kibengo ◽  
Ubaldo Bahemuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Lake Victoria ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Efficacy Trials

Preventing Healthcare Workers From Acquiring Influenza

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak Ching Ng ◽  
Nelson Lee ◽  
Shu-Cheong David Hui ◽  
Raymond Lai ◽  
Margaret Ip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Influenza Season ◽  
Standard Precautions ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Suboptimal Adherence ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
To Receive

Our survey of 133 on-duty medical ward nurses showed that, during peak influenza season, 30 (23%) developed an influenza-like illness, despite wearing a mask at work. Suboptimal adherence to standard precautions, such as the use of a face shield (odds ratio, 3.56) during high-risk procedures, and failure to receive influenza vaccination (odds ratio, 4.82) were independent risk factors, adjusted for household contacts.

scholarly journals Interest in COVID-19 vaccine trials participation among young adults in China: Willingness, reasons for hesitancy, and demographic and psychosocial determinants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufang Sun ◽  
Danhua Lin ◽  
Don Operario
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
University Students ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Vaccine Trials

Background: With the demand for rapid COVID-19 vaccine development and evaluation, this paper aimed to describe the prevalence and correlates of willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials among university students in China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey with 1,912 Chinese university students was conducted during March and April 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify variables associated with willingness to participate. Results: The majority of participants (64.01%) indicated willingness to participate in COVID-19 vaccine trials. Hesitancy over signing informed consent documents, concerns over time necessary for participating in a medical study, and perceived COVID-19 societal stigma were identified as deterrents, whereas lower socioeconomic status, female gender, perception of likely COVID-19 infection during the pandemic, and COVID-19 prosocial behaviors were facilitative factors. Further, public health mistrust and hesitancy over signing informed consent documents had a significant interactive effect on vaccine trial willingness. Conclusions: High standards of ethical and scientific practice are needed in COVID-19 vaccine research, including providing potential participants full and accurate information and ensuring participation free of coercion, socioeconomic inequality, and stigma. Attending to the needs of marginalized groups and addressing psychosocial factors including stigma and public health mistrust may also be important to COVID-19 vaccine development and future uptake.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Willingness to Participate in HIV Vaccine Trials among High-Risk Populations in South India

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohanarani Suhadev ◽  
Adeline M. Nyamathi ◽  
Soumya Swaminathan ◽  
Anitha Suresh ◽  
P. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
South India ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
High Risk Populations

scholarly journals Lead and Mercury Exposure and Related Health Problems in Metal Artisan Workplaces and High-Risk Household Contacts in Thimphu, Bhutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adeep Monger ◽  
Karma Wangdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Mercury Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Mercury Exposure ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Working At Home ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Blood Mercury

Background. Metal artisans have been using lead and mercury in their settings for centuries. Exposure to these toxic heavy metals causes adverse health effects. We assessed the occupational exposure of metal artisans and their high-risk household contacts at Thimphu, Bhutan. Methods. A cross-sectional study in which 134 metal artisan center employees and 48 high-risk household contacts were tested for blood lead and mercury levels. Sociodemographic data, occupational exposure risk factors, and clinical syndrome related to lead and mercury exposure were further obtained and analyzed using EpiInfo 7.0. Results. The mean age of the metal artisan center employees was 36.02 ± 10.3. The prevalence of elevated blood lead and mercury level was 38.4% and 51.9%, respectively. Significantly higher prevalence of mercury level was observed among the artisans compared to nonartisans (66.97 vs, 16.0). Among three centers, the goldsmith section of the Department of National Properties had the highest (94.1%). Profession as an artisan, mold designing, performing gold amalgamation, working for >8 hours a day, working for >5 years, and working at home were significant risk factors associated with elevated blood mercury level. Significant association was observed between elevated mercury level and complaints of burning or watery eyes (p=0.001), anxiety, nervousness, irritability, severe shyness (p=0.029), muscle aches (p=0.019), and stomach cramps or pain (p=0.009). Conclusion. The prevalence of elevated blood mercury level is concerning among the artisans. Advocacy, proper usage of personal protective equipment, awareness on chemical safety, and hazard associated with lead and mercury usage are needed to minimize the exposure.

scholarly journals Recruitment using respondent driven sampling, risk behaviors assessment and willingness of young female sex workers (18–25 years) in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania to participate in HIV vaccine trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodora Mbunda ◽  
Edith A. M. Tarimo ◽  
Muhammad Bakari ◽  
Eric Sandström ◽  
Asli Kulane
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Female Sex Workers ◽  
Vaccine Trial ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Hiv Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Hiv Vaccine Trials ◽  
Vaccine Trials

Abstract Background Despite the present HIV preventive and treatment programs, the prevalence of HIV is still high in eastern and southern Africa, among young women and populations at high. risk for HIV transmission such as sex workers. There is a need to prepare a suitable population that will participate in efficacy HIV vaccine trials to determine the efficacy of HIV vaccines that had proven to be safe and immune potent. Methods It was a cross-sectional study that recruited 600 female sex workers using respondent-driven sampling in Dar es Salaam. The study examined recruitment approaches, risk behaviors and willingness of young female sex workers to participate in an HIV vaccine trial. Descriptive statistics described risk behaviors and willingness of the participants to participate in efficacy HIV vaccine trials. The logistic regression model computed the likelihood of willingness to participate in the trials with selected variables. Results The study demonstrated 53% were less than 20 years old, 96% were single, and 22% lived in brothels. Eighty percent of the participants started selling sex at the age between 15 and 19 years old, 61% used illicit drugs for the first time when they were less than 20 years old, 24% had anal sex ever. Eighty-nine percent had more than 20-lifetime sexual partners, and 56% had unprotected sexual intercourse with sex clients. Ninety-one percent expressed a willingness to participate in the HIV vaccine trial. Sixty-one percent did not need permission from anyone for participating in a trial. Ninety-one percent expressed willingness to participate in the efficacy of HIV vaccine trial. In the logistic regression model, willingness was significantly associated with the need to ask permission for participation in HIV vaccine trial from sex agent. Conclusion Respondent-driven sampling provided a rapid means of reaching young female sex workers who reported high-risk behaviors. The majority expressed a high level of willingness to participate in the HIV vaccine trial which was marginally correlated to the need to seek consent for participation in the trial from the sex brokers. Future HIV vaccine trials involving this population should consider involving the brokers in the trials because they form an essential part of the community for the participants.

Willingness to participate in AIDS vaccine trials among high-risk populations in northern Thailand

AIDS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1079-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Celentano ◽  
Chris Beyrer ◽  
Chawalit Natpratan ◽  
Sakol Eiumtrakul ◽  
Linda Sussman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Aids Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
High Risk Populations

scholarly journals Study on the Awareness, Perception, and Willingness to Participate in Covid-19 Vaccine Trials Among Adults in FCT-Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-117
Author(s):  
Christie Omolola Adams
Keyword(s):  
Virus Disease ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Trials ◽  
High Level

The Corona Virus Disease 19 (COVID-19) Is The Greatest Threat To Public Health In Recent Times. It Has Infected Over 40 Million People Globally, Having An Untoward Economic Impact On Many Nations. A Global Race To Find A Safe And Effective Vaccine Is Ongoing, But Controversies Exist Over The Conduct Of The Vaccine Trials Among The African Population. We Assessed The Awareness, Perceptions Of, And Willingness To Participate In The Anticipated COVID-19 Vaccine Trials Among Adults In The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria. Method: We Used A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Correlational Survey And A Purposive Quota Sampling Technique To Select 478 Respondents. Results: 65.2% Were Aware Of The Anticipated COVID-19 Vaccine Trials, 73% Had Positive Perceptions About It, 63.1% Expressed Fear About It, 46% Are Not Willing To Participate In The Trials, And 65.2% Will Not Recommend The Trials To A Family Or Friend. The Correlation Between Perception And Willingness To Participate In The Trial Was Positive And Low (R=0.043, P<0.667). Sex, Age, Religion, Area Councils Were Significantly Associated With Willingness To Participate In The Trials. (P-Values 0.001, 0.003, 0.001 And 0.001 Respectively). The Primary Sources Of Information About The Trials Include Church/Mosque, Family, Healthcare Providers, And Friends. Conclusion: There Is A High Level Of Awareness Of The COVID-19 Vaccine Trials; Perceptions Of The Trial Are Positive, But Most People Are Afraid And Will Neither Participate Nor Recommend The Trials To Significant Others. We Recommend A Targeted Psychosocial Intervention To Increase Participation In The Trial And Future COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake.

scholarly journals Expanding Tuberculosis Case Detection by Screening Household Contacts

2005 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes C. Becerra ◽  
Iliana F. Pachao-Torreblanca ◽  
Jaime Bayona ◽  
Rosa Celi ◽  
Sonya S. Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Finding ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Case Detection ◽  
Active Case Finding ◽  
Active Case ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
Household Contacts

Objectives. Tuberculosis (TB) case detection remains low in many countries, compromising the efficacy of TB control efforts. Current global TB control policy emphasizes case finding through sputum smear microscopy for patients who self-report to primary health centers. Our objective was to assess the feasibility and yield of a simple active case finding strategy in a high incidence population in northern Lima, Peru. Methods. We implemented this pilot strategy in one health center's catchment area. Health workers visited household contacts of new TB case subjects to identify symptomatic individuals and collect sputum for screening. Neighboring households were screened in the same manner. Secondary analyses measured risk of TB by ( 1) sputum smear status of the index case subject, ( 2) compliance with testing, and ( 3) risk factors for disease detected through active contact tracing in contrast to self-report. Results. The TB prevalence detected through combined active and passive case finding among 1,094 household contacts was 0.91% (914 per 100,000), much higher than with passive case finding alone (0.18%; 183 per 100,000; p=0.02). Among 2,258 neighbors, the combined strategy detected a TB prevalence of 0.22% (221 per 100,000) in contrast to 0.08% (80 per 100,000) detected through passive case finding alone ( p=0.25). Risk factors for being diagnosed through active case finding in contrast with self-report included age >55 years (odds ratio [OR]=5.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2, 22.8) and female gender (OR=3.9; 95% CI 0.99, 22.3). Conclusions. Risk of active TB among symptomatic household contacts of active case subjects in this community is very high. Results suggest that contact tracing in such settings may be a powerful means of improving case detection rates for active TB disease.

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