scholarly journals Thymic cancer superimposed opacity of the mediastinal anatomical structures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Uchiyama ◽  
Yuika Sasatani ◽  
Shinichiro Okauchi ◽  
Kesato Iguchi ◽  
Norio Takayashiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Thymic Cancer

Selection and Preparation of Specific Tissue Regions For Tem Using Large Epoxy-Embedded Blocks

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 324-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Lowrie ◽  
W. S. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Embedded Blocks ◽  
Specific Tissue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Areas Of Interest ◽  
Selection Of

The importance of examining stained 1 to 2μ plastic sections by light microscopy has long been recognized, both for increased definition of many histologic features and for selection of specimen samples to be used in ultrastructural studies. Selection of specimens with specific orien ation relative to anatomical structures becomes of critical importance in ultrastructural investigations of organs such as the lung. The uantity of blocks necessary to locate special areas of interest by random sampling is large, however, and the method is lacking in precision. Several methods have been described for selection of specific areas for electron microscopy using light microscopic evaluation of paraffin, epoxy-infiltrated, or epoxy-embedded large blocks from which thick sections were cut. Selected areas from these thick sections were subsequently removed and re-embedded or attached to blank precasted blocks and resectioned for transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

Implications of Digital Image Processing in the Paraclinical Assessment of the Partially Edentated Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 521-524
Author(s):  
Magda Ecaterina Antohe ◽  
Doriana Agop Forna ◽  
Cristina Gena Dascalu ◽  
Norina Consuela Forna
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Contour Detection ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Imaging Processing ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Processing Techniques

The application of certain digital processing techniques offers the possibility of extra accuracy in the interpretation of paraclinical examinations of this type, with profound implications in the diagnosis as well as in the hierarchy of the treatment plan. The purpose of this study is to identify the type of imaging processing for the identification of pathological elements from orthopantomographies and articular tomographies. A number of 20 orthopantomographies and 15 temporo-mandibular joint tomography have undergone through various image enhancement techniques. Various methods of image enhancement (enhancement) have been used for those procedures whereby it becomes more useful in the following aspects: specific details are highlighted; noise is eliminated; the image becomes more visually attractive. The workings were done in Corel PhotoPaint 7.0, using the automatic procedures available.The choice of a particular type of image enhancement technique has been selected for each type of pathology found in orthopantomographies or articular tomography, providing the best accuracy for an optimal imaging interpretation that underpins a precision diagnosis.Of the most useful imaging processing in the optimization of the orthopantomographic image accuracy the point-to-point transformations are to be noted. The image processing proposed in this article focused primarily on improving the radiological image attributes to highlight specific anatomical structures, and secondly, the contour detection, where it was necessary for the diagnostic purposes as well.

Observation of the Pulp Chamber of Maxillary First Premolars: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Gozde Serindere ◽  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Kaan Orhan
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Slice Thickness ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Chamber Floor

Background: There are a few studies about the evaluation of maxillary first premolars internal structure with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). The aim of this study was to assess morphological features of the pulp chamber in maxillary first premolar teeth using micro- CT. Methods: Extracted 15 maxillary first premolar teeth were selected from the patients who were in different age groups. The distance between the pulp orifices, the diameter of the pulp and the width of the pulp chamber floor were measured on the micro-CT images with the slice thickness of 13.6 µm. The number of root canal orifices and the presence of isthmus were evaluated. Results: The mean diameter of orifices was 0.73 mm on the buccal side while it was 0.61 mm on palatinal side. The mean distance between pulp orifices was 2.84 mm. The mean angle between pulp orifices was -21.53°. The mean height of pulp orifices on the buccal side was 4.32 mm while the mean height of pulp orifices on the palatinal side was 3.56 mm. The most observed shape of root canal orifices was flattened ribbon. No isthmus was found in specimens. Conclusion: Minor anatomical structures can be evaluated in more detail with micro-CT. The observation of the pulp cavity was analyzed using micro-CT.

scholarly journals Endoscopic Study of the Oral and Pharyngeal Cavities in the Common Dolphin, Striped Dolphin, Risso’s Dolphin, Harbour Porpoise and Pilot Whale: Reinforced with Other Diagnostic and Anatomic Techniques

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Álvaro García de los Ríos y Loshuertos ◽  
Marta Soler Laguía ◽  
Alberto Arencibia Espinosa ◽  
Francisco Martínez Gomariz ◽  
Cayetano Sánchez Collado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Common Dolphin ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Pilot Whale ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Vascular Plexus ◽  
Endoscopic Study ◽  
Main Technique ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

In this work, the fetal and newborn anatomical structures of the dolphin oropharyngeal cavities were studied. The main technique used was endoscopy, as these cavities are narrow tubular spaces and the oral cavity is difficult to photograph without moving the specimen. The endoscope was used to study the mucosal features of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. Two pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes were discovered on either side of the choanae and larynx. These spaces begin close to the musculotubaric channel of the middle ear, are linked to the pterygopalatine recesses (pterygoid sinus) and they extend to the maxillopalatine fossa. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), osteological analysis, sectional anatomy, dissections, and histology were also used to better understand the function of the pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. These data were then compared with the horse’s pharyngeal diverticula of the auditory tubes. The histology revealed that a vascular plexus inside these diverticula could help to expel the air from this space to the nasopharynx. In the oral cavity, teeth remain inside the alveolus and covered by gums. The marginal papillae of the tongue differ in extension depending on the fetal specimen studied. The histology reveals that the incisive papilla is vestigial and contain abundant innervation. No ducts were observed inside lateral sublingual folds in the oral cavity proper and caruncles were not seen in the prefrenular space.

scholarly journals Robot-assisted Ultrasound-guided Tracking of Anatomical Structures for the Application of Focused Ultrasound

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 123-126
Author(s):  
Michael Unger ◽  
Johann Berger ◽  
Bjoern Gerold ◽  
Andreas Melzer
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Tracking Error ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
High Intensity Focused Ultrasound ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Surgical Tool ◽  
Custom Made

AbstractHigh intensity focused ultrasound is used as a surgical tool to treat completely non-invasively several diseases. Examples of clinical applications are uterine fibroids, prostate cancer, thyroid nodules, and varicose veins. Precise targeting is key for improving the treatment outcome. A method for an automated, robot-assisted tracking system was developed and evaluated. A wireless ultrasound scanner was used to acquire images of the target, in this case, a blood vessel. The active contour approach by Chan and Vese was used to segment and track while moving the scanner along the target structure with a collaborative robotic arm. The performance was assessed using a custom made Agar phantom. The mean tracking error, which is defined as the remaining distance of the lesion to the images’ centre line, was 0.27 mm ± 0.18 mm.

scholarly journals Utilization potential of intraluminal optical coherence tomography for the Eustachian tube

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hayoung Byun ◽  
Yeon Hoon Kim ◽  
Jingchao Xing ◽  
Su-Jin Shin ◽  
Seung Hwan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Balloon Dilatation ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tubal Lumen ◽  
Oct Image

AbstractImaging the Eustachian tube is challenging because of its complex anatomy and limited accessibility. This study fabricated a fiber-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheter and investigated its potential for assessing the Eustachian tube anatomy. A customized OCT system and an imaging catheter, termed the Eustachian OCT, were developed for visualizing the Eustachian tube. Three male swine cadaver heads were used to study OCT image acquisition and for subsequent histologic correlation. The imaging catheter was introduced through the nasopharyngeal opening and reached toward the middle ear. The OCT images were acquired from the superior to the nasopharyngeal opening before and after Eustachian tube balloon dilatation. The histological anatomy of the Eustachian tube was compared with corresponding OCT images, The new, Eustachian OCT catheter was successfully inserted in the tubal lumen without damage. Cross-sectional images of the tube were successfully obtained, and the margins of the anatomical structures including cartilage, mucosa lining, and fat could be successfully delineated. After balloon dilatation, the expansion of the cross-sectional area could be identified from the OCT images. Using the OCT technique to assess the Eustachian tube anatomy was shown to be feasible, and the fabricated OCT image catheter was determined to be suitable for Eustachian tube assessment.

scholarly journals DL-based segmentation of endoscopic scenes for mitral valve repair

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ivantsits ◽  
Lennart Tautz ◽  
Simon Sündermann ◽  
Isaac Wamala ◽  
Jörg Kempfert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Mitral Valve Repair ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Distance Measurements ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Endoscopic Video ◽  
Camera Position

AbstractMinimally invasive surgery is increasingly utilized for mitral valve repair and replacement. The intervention is performed with an endoscopic field of view on the arrested heart. Extracting the necessary information from the live endoscopic video stream is challenging due to the moving camera position, the high variability of defects, and occlusion of structures by instruments. During such minimally invasive interventions there is no time to segment regions of interest manually. We propose a real-time-capable deep-learning-based approach to detect and segment the relevant anatomical structures and instruments. For the universal deployment of the proposed solution, we evaluate them on pixel accuracy as well as distance measurements of the detected contours. The U-Net, Google’s DeepLab v3, and the Obelisk-Net models are cross-validated, with DeepLab showing superior results in pixel accuracy and distance measurements.

scholarly journals Physiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Thermoregulation in Mammals

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733
Author(s):  
Daniel Mota-Rojas ◽  
Cristiane Gonçalves Titto ◽  
Agustín Orihuela ◽  
Julio Martínez-Burnes ◽  
Jocelyn Gómez-Prado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Sporting Activities ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms

This review analyzes the main anatomical structures and neural pathways that allow the generation of autonomous and behavioral mechanisms that regulate body heat in mammals. The study of the hypothalamic neuromodulation of thermoregulation offers broad areas of opportunity with practical applications that are currently being strengthened by the availability of efficacious tools like infrared thermography (IRT). These areas could include the following: understanding the effect of climate change on behavior and productivity; analyzing the effects of exercise on animals involved in sporting activities; identifying the microvascular changes that occur in response to fear, pleasure, pain, and other situations that induce stress in animals; and examining thermoregulating behaviors. This research could contribute substantially to understanding the drastic modification of environments that have severe consequences for animals, such as loss of appetite, low productivity, neonatal hypothermia, and thermal shock, among others. Current knowledge of these physiological processes and complex anatomical structures, like the nervous systems and their close relation to mechanisms of thermoregulation, is still limited. The results of studies in fields like evolutionary neuroscience of thermoregulation show that we cannot yet objectively explain even processes that on the surface seem simple, including behavioral changes and the pathways and connections that trigger mechanisms like vasodilatation and panting. In addition, there is a need to clarify the connection between emotions and thermoregulation that increases the chances of survival of some organisms. An increasingly precise understanding of thermoregulation will allow us to design and apply practical methods in fields like animal science and clinical medicine without compromising levels of animal welfare. The results obtained should not only increase the chances of survival but also improve quality of life and animal production.

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