Clinical consequences of untreated early childhood caries in urban population of children with high risk of caries in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630
Author(s):  
Piotr Rożniatowski ◽  
Anna Piróg-Bednarska ◽  
Angelika Kobylińska ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Untreated Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background. The anatomy and low mineral content of primary teeth, especially soon after their eruption, predispose to acute progression of caries. Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) can rapidly lead to destruction of the crown and to pulpal involvement. It is, therefore, important to depict its clinical consequences in relation to caries intensity and age. Aim of the study. To assess the correlation of clinical consequences of ECC with its intensity and age in urban population of children with high risk of caries in Poland. Material and methods. In a group of high caries risk children from Warsaw aged below 6 years the following were evaluated: dental health (decayed, filled, missing teeth due to caries (dmft/dmfs), carious pulp exposure) and mucosal health (ulcerations caused by decayed teeth, fistulae, abscesses (pufa). Four age groups were distinguished: less than 3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years and 5-6 years. Statistical analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test (significance level p=0.05). Results. Among 223 children (mean age 4.30±1.154 years) dmft>0 was found in 80% (mean dmft=6.14±5.49, dmfs=11.60±12.92), restorative index was 0.23±0.33. Pufa >0 was observed in 26% (mean 0.853±1.839) with the highest value in the youngest age group (mean 1.20±2.222). Correlations between dmft, dmfs and pufa were observed. Statistically significant correlations were found between teeth missing due to caries and the clinical consequences of untreated caries. Conclusions. The younger the child affected by caries, the more severe the consequences of untreated caries. It has been observed that the rate of consequences increases with caries intensity.

scholarly journals Protocol for a family-centered behavioral intervention to reduce early childhood caries: the MySmileBuddy program efficacy trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Lumsden ◽  
Burton L. Edelstein ◽  
Charles E. Basch ◽  
Randi L. Wolf ◽  
Pamela A. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Although largely preventable through diet management and topical fluoride use, early childhood caries (ECC) often progresses to severity that necessitates surgical repair. Yet repair often fails to mitigate caries progression. Needed is an effective behavioral intervention to address underlying behavioral causes. Methods This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a behaviorally focused, family-centered intervention, the MySmileBuddy Program (MSB Program), to reduce ECC progression in high-risk preschoolers in New York City. Recruitment will target 858 children ages 24–71 months with ECC and their parents from primary care medical and dental clinics. The study aims to assess the MSB Program’s efficacy to: (1) decrease ECC progression measured 12-months post-randomization; and (2) enhance adoption of a low cariogenic diet and twice-daily fluoridated toothpaste use compared to control group. Potential causal pathways (mediators and moderators) will be explored. The MSB Program equips community health workers (CHWs) with an app that facilitates multilevel risk assessment and provides motivational interviewing-based counseling to inform parents about the caries process, develop personalized goals, and create family-level action plans to achieve targeted behaviors. Social support from CHWs (4 interactions during the 6-month intervention, supplemented by up to 4 in-person/remote contacts throughout the 12-month study period, based on need) is bolstered by automated text messages. Participants will be randomized to a Control Group (paper-based educational handout plus toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste for the child) or Intervention Group (MSB Program, two tooth-brushing observations with feedback and instruction, and toothbrushes and toothpaste for the entire family). All children will receive visual ICDAS dental examinations and parents will complete study measures at baseline and 12-months. An incentive up to $150 plus round-trip transit cards ($5.50 value) will be provided. Discussion This study hypothesizes that the MSB Program can reduce ECC progression in a high-risk population. Sufficient incentives and a focus on establishing rapport between participants and CHWs are anticipated to mitigate recruitment and retention challenges. If successful, this study will advance the long-term goal of reducing pediatric oral health disparities by demonstrating the efficacy of an acceptable and feasible intervention that shifts attention from dental repair to behavioral risk mitigation. Trial registration: Trial registration was completed on 4/13/2021 through the U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov website (Identifier: NCT04845594).

Early Childhood Caries: Analysis of Psychosocial and Biological Factors in a High–Risk Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Quiñonez ◽  
M.A. Keels ◽  
W.F. Vann Jr. ◽  
F.T. McIver ◽  
K. Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Analysis of salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Zhou ◽  
Haozhe Li ◽  
Ce Zhu ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Chunhua Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Recurrence Group ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Early childhood caries is an urgent public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The process involves the screening of specific salivary peptides that were differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status. Methods Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 28 kindergarten children aged 3–4 years in Beijing at baseline and 3 months and 6 months after baseline. A total of 68 samples were collected. In terms of their caries status and progress during the observation period, participants were divided into 3 groups; 7 in the non-caries recurrence group, 6 in the caries recurrence group, and 15 in the healthy control group. Salivary peptides that exhibited no significant differences in cross-sectional comparisons between different groups of caries status but only expressed differentially along with dynamic changes of individual caries were screened using the technique of magnetic beads combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The technique of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to identify the proteins from which these peptides were derived. Results We found two salivary peptides differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status in the above comparisons; mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the two peptides were 1045.9 and 2517.6, respectively (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the decision tree model based on these two peptides showed an acceptable distinguishing ability for changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The source proteins of the two peptides with m/z values of 1045.9 and 2517.6 were identified as submandibular gland androgen regulatory protein 3B (SMR-3B) and mucin-7, respectively. Conclusions Two proteins in children’s saliva, namely SMR-3B and mucin-7, have the potentiality to serve as candidate biomarkers for dynamic surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of early childhood caries in a sub-urban population in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan ◽  
Ayodeji Babatunde Oginni ◽  
Maha El Tantawi ◽  
Tracy L. Finlayson ◽  
Abiola Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cavitated Lesions ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) in children 6–71-months; identify the teeth most at risk for ECC; and identify risk indicators associated with significant caries index (SiC) score in different age groups. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that collected data (using a household survey) on the ECC risk indicators (frequency of tooth brushing, consumption of refined carbohydrate in-between-meals, daily use of fluoridated toothpaste, and dental service utilization in the 12 months) in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. We computed the prevalence of ECC using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDASI (d1–6)) index; caries severity using the ICDAS-2(d1–2) and ICDAS-3(d3–6) for non-cavitated and cavitated lesions respectively, decayed missing, filled teeth (dmft), and surfaces (dmfs) and SiC indices; and caries complications using the pulp (p), ulceration (u), fistula (f) and abscesses (a) (pufa) index, for children 6–11-months-old, 12–23-months-old, 23–35-months-old, 35–47-months-old; 48–59-months-old and 60–71-months-old. The differences in the mean dmft, dmfs, pufa scores, and ICDAS 1, 2, and 3 scores, and proportion of children with each ECC risk indicator were computed. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify risk indicators for the ECC SiC index score for each age group. Results The prevalence of ECC was 4.7%: 2.9% had non-cavitated lesions and 2.8% had cavitated lesions. The mean (SD) dmft, dmfs and pufa scores were 0.13 (0.92), 0.24 (1.91) and 0.04 (0.46) respectively. The dmft and dmfs scores were highest among the 24–35-months-olds while the SiC score was highest among the 12–23-months-olds. There were no significant differences in dmft, dmfs, and pufa scores between the different age groups. Toothbrushing more than once a day was the only factor associated with the SiC score: it decreases the odds for the SiC score in children 48–59-months-old. The teeth worst affected by ECC were #85 and #61. Conclusion The prevalence, severity and risk indicator for ECC seems to differ for each age group. The granular details on the risk profile of children with ECC in this population with a low ECC prevalence and burden can allow for the planning of age-targeted interventions.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Caries (ECC) — Etiology, Clinical Consequences and Prevention

10.5772/59416 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agim Begzati ◽  
Merita Berisha ◽  
Shefqet Mrasori ◽  
Blerta Xhemajli-Latifi ◽  
Rina Prokshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Childhood Caries

Caries outcome following an intensive fluoride varnish treatment regimen for children at high risk for early childhood caries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agelina E. Paek ◽  
Yihong Li ◽  
Zhemeng Wang ◽  
Patrick So ◽  
Malvin N. Janal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Batliner ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
W.G. Henderson ◽  
A.R. Wilson ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.

Evaluation of Levels of Nitric Oxide in Saliva of Children with Rampant Caries and Early Childhood Caries : A Comparative Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amitha Hegde ◽  
Varun Neekhra ◽  
Suchetha Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
And Control ◽  
Rampant Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

It is considered that caries incidence might be low in subjects with high salivary Nitric Oxide (NO) levels. Thus the objective of the present study was to determine the levels of nitric oxide in saliva of children with Rampant Caries (RC) and Early Childhood Caries (ECC). A total of 120 children were divided into 4 groups of 30 each belonging to two age groups of 6-12 yrs and 71 months or less respectively. Children between the age of 6-12 yrs were either with RC or their control and children between the age of 71months or less were either with ECC or their control respectively. The study and control subjects were divided equally. Oral health status was recorded followed by unstimulated salivary flow rate estimation. Estimation of salivary nitric oxide was measured by the concentration of its stable metabolite nitrite using Classical Griess Reaction. The mean nitrite levels of both the control groups were much higher when compared with the study groups, which was statistically very highly significant.

scholarly journals Complex Systems Model of Dynamic Mechanisms of Early Childhood Caries Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 537-543
Author(s):  
B. Heaton ◽  
S.T. Cherng ◽  
W. Sohn ◽  
R.I. Garcia ◽  
S. Galea
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Preventive Intervention ◽  
Caries Risk ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Dynamic Mechanisms ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Population Distributions ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Childhood Caries

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a largely preventable condition that occurs when children develop caries in their primary teeth before the age of six. National trends of ECC indicate that prevalence is decreasing, but disparities between various sociodemographic groups may be increasing, despite intervention efforts. Dynamic mechanisms in caries development are hypothesized to be responsible for the observed population distributions of disease. Agent-based models (ABMs) have been utilized to explore similar hypotheses in many areas of health research. Therefore, we developed an ABM of ECC development mechanisms and examined population outcomes of hypothetical preventive intervention scenarios. We found that risk-based targeting had minimal impact on population averages or disparities and was largely due to the strength of the dynamic mechanisms among those considered to be at high caries risk. Universally increasing intervention access reduced population caries prevalence, but increased disparities between different groups of caries risk profiles. We show that population distributions of ECC can emerge as a result of dynamic mechanisms that have been shown to drive disease development. Understanding the effectiveness of a proposed intervention in relation to the hypothesized mechanism(s) that contributes to the outcome of interest is critical to future efforts to address population disparities in ECC.

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