scholarly journals Analysis of salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Zhou ◽  
Haozhe Li ◽  
Ce Zhu ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Chunhua Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Recurrence Group ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Early childhood caries is an urgent public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The process involves the screening of specific salivary peptides that were differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status. Methods Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 28 kindergarten children aged 3–4 years in Beijing at baseline and 3 months and 6 months after baseline. A total of 68 samples were collected. In terms of their caries status and progress during the observation period, participants were divided into 3 groups; 7 in the non-caries recurrence group, 6 in the caries recurrence group, and 15 in the healthy control group. Salivary peptides that exhibited no significant differences in cross-sectional comparisons between different groups of caries status but only expressed differentially along with dynamic changes of individual caries were screened using the technique of magnetic beads combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The technique of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to identify the proteins from which these peptides were derived. Results We found two salivary peptides differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status in the above comparisons; mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the two peptides were 1045.9 and 2517.6, respectively (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the decision tree model based on these two peptides showed an acceptable distinguishing ability for changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The source proteins of the two peptides with m/z values of 1045.9 and 2517.6 were identified as submandibular gland androgen regulatory protein 3B (SMR-3B) and mucin-7, respectively. Conclusions Two proteins in children’s saliva, namely SMR-3B and mucin-7, have the potentiality to serve as candidate biomarkers for dynamic surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries.

scholarly journals Protocol for a family-centered behavioral intervention to reduce early childhood caries: the MySmileBuddy program efficacy trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Lumsden ◽  
Burton L. Edelstein ◽  
Charles E. Basch ◽  
Randi L. Wolf ◽  
Pamela A. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Although largely preventable through diet management and topical fluoride use, early childhood caries (ECC) often progresses to severity that necessitates surgical repair. Yet repair often fails to mitigate caries progression. Needed is an effective behavioral intervention to address underlying behavioral causes. Methods This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a behaviorally focused, family-centered intervention, the MySmileBuddy Program (MSB Program), to reduce ECC progression in high-risk preschoolers in New York City. Recruitment will target 858 children ages 24–71 months with ECC and their parents from primary care medical and dental clinics. The study aims to assess the MSB Program’s efficacy to: (1) decrease ECC progression measured 12-months post-randomization; and (2) enhance adoption of a low cariogenic diet and twice-daily fluoridated toothpaste use compared to control group. Potential causal pathways (mediators and moderators) will be explored. The MSB Program equips community health workers (CHWs) with an app that facilitates multilevel risk assessment and provides motivational interviewing-based counseling to inform parents about the caries process, develop personalized goals, and create family-level action plans to achieve targeted behaviors. Social support from CHWs (4 interactions during the 6-month intervention, supplemented by up to 4 in-person/remote contacts throughout the 12-month study period, based on need) is bolstered by automated text messages. Participants will be randomized to a Control Group (paper-based educational handout plus toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste for the child) or Intervention Group (MSB Program, two tooth-brushing observations with feedback and instruction, and toothbrushes and toothpaste for the entire family). All children will receive visual ICDAS dental examinations and parents will complete study measures at baseline and 12-months. An incentive up to $150 plus round-trip transit cards ($5.50 value) will be provided. Discussion This study hypothesizes that the MSB Program can reduce ECC progression in a high-risk population. Sufficient incentives and a focus on establishing rapport between participants and CHWs are anticipated to mitigate recruitment and retention challenges. If successful, this study will advance the long-term goal of reducing pediatric oral health disparities by demonstrating the efficacy of an acceptable and feasible intervention that shifts attention from dental repair to behavioral risk mitigation. Trial registration: Trial registration was completed on 4/13/2021 through the U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov website (Identifier: NCT04845594).

Magnetic Bead-Based Salivary Peptidome Profiling Analysis for Severe Early Childhood Caries

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Si ◽  
Shuang Ao ◽  
Weijian Wang ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Shuguo Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Salivary Protein ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Diagnostic Model ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: To investigate the differential salivary protein expression profiles between children with severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) and caries-free (CF) children at the age of 3 years. Methods: We used matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) combined with weak cation exchange magnetic beads, and peptide mass fingerprints were created by scanning mass spectrometry signals. Salivary samples from 20 children were analyzed (10 for each group). Results: Eleven protein peaks were significantly different (p < 0.05) between the two groups. Eight of these peaks were higher in the S-ECC group and three were higher in the CF group. To establish a diagnostic model for discrimination between the two groups, we chose three peptides (3,186.2, 3,195.8 and 3,324.8 Da) that exhibited the best fitted curve, by which the two groups were better separated when compared with other combinations. Conclusions: The salivary biomarkers identified revealed significant differences between the CF and the S-ECC group. Our results provide novel insight into the salivary protein profile of preschool-age children with dental caries and may lead to the development of a new strategy for screening high-risk populations.

Early Childhood Caries: Analysis of Psychosocial and Biological Factors in a High–Risk Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Quiñonez ◽  
M.A. Keels ◽  
W.F. Vann Jr. ◽  
F.T. McIver ◽  
K. Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Childhood Caries

Caries outcome following an intensive fluoride varnish treatment regimen for children at high risk for early childhood caries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agelina E. Paek ◽  
Yihong Li ◽  
Zhemeng Wang ◽  
Patrick So ◽  
Malvin N. Janal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Batliner ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
W.G. Henderson ◽  
A.R. Wilson ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.

scholarly journals Site-Specific Profiling of the Dental Mycobiome Reveals Strong Taxonomic Shifts during Progression of Early-Childhood Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. O’Connell ◽  
Ryan Santos ◽  
Garrett Springer ◽  
Robert A. Burne ◽  
Marcelle M. Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Childhood Caries

ABSTRACT Dental caries is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Bacteria and fungi are both commensals in the oral cavity; however, most research regarding caries has focused on bacterial impacts. The oral fungal mycobiome associated with caries is not well characterized, and its role in disease is unclear. ITS1 amplicon sequencing was used to generate taxonomic profiles from site-specific supragingival plaque samples (n = 82) obtained from 33 children with different caries status. Children were either caries free (CF), caries active with enamel lesions (CAE), or caries active with dentin lesions (CA). Plaque samples were collected from caries-free surfaces (PF) and from enamel (PE) and dentin (PD) lesions. Taxonomic profiles representing the different categorizations (CF-PF, CAE-PF, CAE-PE, CA-PF, CA-PE, and CA-PD) were used to characterize the mycobiome and its change through disease progression. A total of 139 fungal species were identified. Candida albicans was the most abundant species, followed by Candida dubliniensis. We found that severely progressed plaque communities (CA-PD) were significantly different from healthy plaque communities (CF-PF). A total of 32 taxa were differentially abundant across the plaque categories. C. albicans, C. dubliniensis, Nigrospora oryzae, and an unclassified Microdochium sp. were correlated with caries, whereas 12 other taxa were correlated with health. C. dubliniensis increased steadily as caries progressed, suggesting that C. dubliniensis may play an important role in caries pathogenicity. In contrast, four health-associated fungal taxa have the potential to antagonize the cariogen Streptococcus mutans via xylitol production, suggesting a possible fungal mechanism that could contribute to maintenance of dental health. IMPORTANCE Early-childhood caries is one of the most prevalent diseases in children worldwide and, while preventable, remains a global public health concern. Untreated cavities are painful and expensive and can lead to tooth loss and a lower quality of life. Caries are driven by acid production via microbial fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, resulting in enamel erosion. While caries is a well-studied disease, most research has focused on bacterial impacts, even though fungi are commensal organisms living within the plaque biofilm. There is very little known about how fungi impact caries pathogenicity. The elucidation of fungal taxa involved in caries disease progression is necessary for a more holistic view of the human oral microbiome. Data from this study will improve our understanding of how the fungal community changes as disease progresses and provide insight into the complex etiology of dental caries, which is necessary for the development of treatment plans and preventative measures.

scholarly journals Assessment of potential risk factors associated with early childhood caries in a subpopulation of children from Thrace region of Turkey

Folia Medica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-556
Author(s):  
Sirin Guner Onur ◽  
Betul Kargul
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: Early childhood caries (ECC) is considered a global health concern due to its high prevalence and effect on the overall health of children. Aim: The present study aimed to investigate prevalence of ECC and associated risk factors in a Turkish subpopulation of children. Materials and methods: Five hundred forty-two (299 boys, 243 girls) children were enrolled in this study. Caries experience on primary teeth was measured using decayed or filled teeth (dft) index and the presence of caries was diagnosed if dft >0. A structured questionnaire was employed to mothers through interview. Results: ECC was significantly associated with increased age (OR=1.032; 95% CI, 1.018&ndash;1.047; p<0.001), low level of family income (OR=2.91; 95% CI, 1.567&ndash;5.404; p=0.001), low educational level of mother (OR=2.602; 95% CI, 1.509&ndash;4.485), night-time frequent breastfeeding (OR=1.695; CI, 1.07&ndash;2.685; p=0.024) and bottle feeding with sugary beverages (OR=1.689; CI, 1.002&ndash;2.847; p=0.049). First dental visit age (OR=1.482; 95% CI, 1.254&ndash;1.753; p<0.001) and initial age of tooth brushing (OR=2.062; 95% CI, 1.324&ndash;3.209; p=0.001) were found to be protective against ECC development. Conclusions: The current study highlights potential factors that are commonly associated with the risk of developing ECC. From the perspective of public health, a better understanding of socioeconomic, environmental, maternal and behavioural risks factors for ECC will aid improving maternal and child-based health promotion and preventive programmes.

scholarly journals Association of Candida albicans and Cbp+ Streptococcus mutans with early childhood caries recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Garcia ◽  
N. C. Acosta ◽  
S. L. Tomar ◽  
L. F. W. Roesch ◽  
J. A. Lemos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
One Year ◽  
Recurrence Group ◽  
Childhood Caries

AbstractEarly childhood caries (ECC) recurrence occurs in approximately 40% of treated cases within one year. The association of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans with the onset of ECC is well known. Also, S. mutans strains harboring collagen-binding proteins (Cbps) avidly bind to collagen-rich dentin and are linked to increased caries risk. Here, we investigated the presence of Cbp+S. mutans and C. albicans in saliva and dental plaque of children with varying caries statuses, and their salivary microbiome. In this cross-sectional study, 143 children who were caries-free (n = 73), treated for ECC with no signs of recurrence after 6 months (n = 45), or treated for ECC and experiencing recurrence within 6 months following treatment (n = 25) were enrolled. Co-infection with C. albicans and S. mutans, especially Cbp+S. mutans, was strongly associated with caries recurrence. Subjects of the recurrence group infected with Cbp+S. mutans showed a greater burden of Candida spp. and of Mutans streptococci in dentin than those infected with Cbp- strains. Salivary microbiome analysis revealed that Streptococcus parasanguinis was overrepresented in the caries recurrence group. Our findings indicate that Cbp+S. mutans and C. albicans are intimately associated with caries recurrence, contributing to the establishment of recalcitrant biofilms.

Clinical consequences of untreated early childhood caries in urban population of children with high risk of caries in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630
Author(s):  
Piotr Rożniatowski ◽  
Anna Piróg-Bednarska ◽  
Angelika Kobylińska ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Dorota Olczak-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
High Caries Risk ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Untreated Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background. The anatomy and low mineral content of primary teeth, especially soon after their eruption, predispose to acute progression of caries. Untreated early childhood caries (ECC) can rapidly lead to destruction of the crown and to pulpal involvement. It is, therefore, important to depict its clinical consequences in relation to caries intensity and age. Aim of the study. To assess the correlation of clinical consequences of ECC with its intensity and age in urban population of children with high risk of caries in Poland. Material and methods. In a group of high caries risk children from Warsaw aged below 6 years the following were evaluated: dental health (decayed, filled, missing teeth due to caries (dmft/dmfs), carious pulp exposure) and mucosal health (ulcerations caused by decayed teeth, fistulae, abscesses (pufa). Four age groups were distinguished: less than 3 years, 3-4 years, 4-5 years and 5-6 years. Statistical analysis: Kruskal-Wallis test (significance level p=0.05). Results. Among 223 children (mean age 4.30±1.154 years) dmft>0 was found in 80% (mean dmft=6.14±5.49, dmfs=11.60±12.92), restorative index was 0.23±0.33. Pufa >0 was observed in 26% (mean 0.853±1.839) with the highest value in the youngest age group (mean 1.20±2.222). Correlations between dmft, dmfs and pufa were observed. Statistically significant correlations were found between teeth missing due to caries and the clinical consequences of untreated caries. Conclusions. The younger the child affected by caries, the more severe the consequences of untreated caries. It has been observed that the rate of consequences increases with caries intensity.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document