scholarly journals Protocol for a family-centered behavioral intervention to reduce early childhood caries: the MySmileBuddy program efficacy trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christie L. Lumsden ◽  
Burton L. Edelstein ◽  
Charles E. Basch ◽  
Randi L. Wolf ◽  
Pamela A. Koch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Behavioral Intervention ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Although largely preventable through diet management and topical fluoride use, early childhood caries (ECC) often progresses to severity that necessitates surgical repair. Yet repair often fails to mitigate caries progression. Needed is an effective behavioral intervention to address underlying behavioral causes. Methods This randomized controlled trial will evaluate the efficacy of a behaviorally focused, family-centered intervention, the MySmileBuddy Program (MSB Program), to reduce ECC progression in high-risk preschoolers in New York City. Recruitment will target 858 children ages 24–71 months with ECC and their parents from primary care medical and dental clinics. The study aims to assess the MSB Program’s efficacy to: (1) decrease ECC progression measured 12-months post-randomization; and (2) enhance adoption of a low cariogenic diet and twice-daily fluoridated toothpaste use compared to control group. Potential causal pathways (mediators and moderators) will be explored. The MSB Program equips community health workers (CHWs) with an app that facilitates multilevel risk assessment and provides motivational interviewing-based counseling to inform parents about the caries process, develop personalized goals, and create family-level action plans to achieve targeted behaviors. Social support from CHWs (4 interactions during the 6-month intervention, supplemented by up to 4 in-person/remote contacts throughout the 12-month study period, based on need) is bolstered by automated text messages. Participants will be randomized to a Control Group (paper-based educational handout plus toothbrushes and fluoridated toothpaste for the child) or Intervention Group (MSB Program, two tooth-brushing observations with feedback and instruction, and toothbrushes and toothpaste for the entire family). All children will receive visual ICDAS dental examinations and parents will complete study measures at baseline and 12-months. An incentive up to $150 plus round-trip transit cards ($5.50 value) will be provided. Discussion This study hypothesizes that the MSB Program can reduce ECC progression in a high-risk population. Sufficient incentives and a focus on establishing rapport between participants and CHWs are anticipated to mitigate recruitment and retention challenges. If successful, this study will advance the long-term goal of reducing pediatric oral health disparities by demonstrating the efficacy of an acceptable and feasible intervention that shifts attention from dental repair to behavioral risk mitigation. Trial registration: Trial registration was completed on 4/13/2021 through the U.S. National Library of Medicine ClinicalTrials.gov website (Identifier: NCT04845594).

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals Ultra-Structural Changes of the Early Childhood Caries Starting Phases of Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Olga Kokoceva-Ivanovska ◽  
Mile Carcev
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Initial Caries ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract In the recent 20 years, besides dramatic reduction of caries in many countries where complex programme of prevention is carried out, prevalence of Early Childhood Caries (ECC) has expressed continual growth trend. The aim of our research was to determine precisely ultra-structural changes in the enamel substance at the initial lesion of the ECC (white spot lesion), as initial change of great importance for its preventive aspect. Therefore, we directed our experiment to evaluate ultra-structural changes of the teeth enamel in primary teeth with circular caries in its opening stages of development: initial caries lesion and superficial form. To realize the aim of our research, in patients 6 years of age, whose teeth were already in the phase of resorption, we extracted 20 maxillary incisors (10 with initial lesion and 10 with superficial form) and 20 healthy mandibular incisors, as a control group. Investigation was done at the Institute for biomedical research of the Faculty of Medicine in Nis (Serbia), with the scanning electronic microscope. The data indicated that in the initial phase and superficial form of ECC only demineralization happened, while in the case of superficial form changes were much deeper. This speaks in favour of better understanding of ultra-structural changes of the enamel surface that happen in the initial phase of the ECC, which could help to create strategy for its successful prevention.

scholarly journals Behavioural Etiological Factors that Contribute to the Occurrence of Severe Early Childhood Caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Daniela Eşian ◽  
Cristina Bica ◽  
Anamaria Bud ◽  
Oana Stoica ◽  
Eugen Bud
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Close Link ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Dmft Index ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is one of the most common pathologies affecting primary dentition. The complex etiology is the result of the interaction of microbial factors and also of dietary factors. For this study a group of 40 children diagnosed with S-ECC was compared with a control group of 35 children without caries. The study data was obtained through clinical examination of both children and mothers, and on the basis of a questionnaire completed by the mothers of the subjects. The odontal status of the mothers was evaluated by determining the DMFT index. The results of the study showed that the mothers of the subjects with S-ECC had a significantly higher DMF-T caries index than the ones in the control group and that there is a close link between the birth of the child, newborn feeding method, mother’s habits, cariogenic diet and the occurrence of severe early childhood caries.

Early Childhood Caries: Analysis of Psychosocial and Biological Factors in a High–Risk Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 376-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Quiñonez ◽  
M.A. Keels ◽  
W.F. Vann Jr. ◽  
F.T. McIver ◽  
K. Heller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Childhood Caries

scholarly journals Analysis of salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinzhu Zhou ◽  
Haozhe Li ◽  
Ce Zhu ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Chunhua Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Recurrence Group ◽  
Childhood Caries

Abstract Background Early childhood caries is an urgent public health concern. The aim of this study was to investigate salivary proteomic biomarkers for the surveillance of changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The process involves the screening of specific salivary peptides that were differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status. Methods Stimulated whole saliva samples were collected from 28 kindergarten children aged 3–4 years in Beijing at baseline and 3 months and 6 months after baseline. A total of 68 samples were collected. In terms of their caries status and progress during the observation period, participants were divided into 3 groups; 7 in the non-caries recurrence group, 6 in the caries recurrence group, and 15 in the healthy control group. Salivary peptides that exhibited no significant differences in cross-sectional comparisons between different groups of caries status but only expressed differentially along with dynamic changes of individual caries were screened using the technique of magnetic beads combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The technique of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed to identify the proteins from which these peptides were derived. Results We found two salivary peptides differentially expressed only under dynamic changes in individual caries status in the above comparisons; mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the two peptides were 1045.9 and 2517.6, respectively (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis (PCA) and the decision tree model based on these two peptides showed an acceptable distinguishing ability for changes in the high-risk status of early childhood caries. The source proteins of the two peptides with m/z values of 1045.9 and 2517.6 were identified as submandibular gland androgen regulatory protein 3B (SMR-3B) and mucin-7, respectively. Conclusions Two proteins in children’s saliva, namely SMR-3B and mucin-7, have the potentiality to serve as candidate biomarkers for dynamic surveillance of changes in high-risk status of early childhood caries.

Caries outcome following an intensive fluoride varnish treatment regimen for children at high risk for early childhood caries

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agelina E. Paek ◽  
Yihong Li ◽  
Zhemeng Wang ◽  
Patrick So ◽  
Malvin N. Janal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Treatment Regimen ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Childhood Caries

Effect of Lactoperoxidase System Containing Toothpaste on Cariogenic Bacteria in Children with Early Childhood Caries

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna Jyoti ◽  
N Shashikiran ◽  
V Subba Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Lactoperoxidase System ◽  
Childhood Caries

Background and Objectives: Lactoperoxidase system contains Lactoperoxidase, Hydrogen peroxide and Thiocyanate ions, which have inhibitory action against cariogenic oral microflora. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of lactoperoxidase system containing toothpaste on cariogenic microflora in children with early childhood caries. Methods: Study group included 30 children with Early Childhood Caries. 15 were considered as test group who used the test product Biotene® toothpaste and other 15 as control group who used Colgate Active® as control product. Salivary samples were analyzed for mutans streptococci (MS) and Lactobacilli, and for the levels of Thiocyanate ions. Results: showed significant increase in the levels of Thiocyanate ion in saliva during experimental period. Compared to the control group test group showed significant increase in the levels of thiocyanate ions during experimental and washout period, whereas the number of colonies of MS and Lactobacilli were significantly reduced in test group during experimental period. Conclusion: The levels of thiocyanate ions can be increased in vivo by supplementing the saliva with natural enzymes like lactoperoxidase. This increased concentration of thiocyanate will reduce the number of cariogenic microflora in children with Early Childhood Caries.

scholarly journals Randomized Trial of Motivational Interviewing to Prevent Early Childhood Caries in American Indian Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Batliner ◽  
T. Tiwari ◽  
W.G. Henderson ◽  
A.R. Wilson ◽  
S.E. Gregorich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
American Indian ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Indian Children ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Childhood Caries

Introduction: In a randomized controlled trial, the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) combined with enhanced community services (MI + ECS) was compared with ECS alone for reducing dental caries in American Indian children on the Pine Ridge Reservation. The intervention was developed and delivered with extensive tribal collaboration. Methods: A total 579 mother-newborn dyads were enrolled and randomized to the MI + ECS and ECS groups. They were followed for 36 mo. Four MI sessions were provided, the first shortly after childbirth and then 6, 12, and 18 mo later. Both groups were exposed to ECS, which included public service announcements through billboards and tribal radio, as well as broad distribution of brochures on behavioral risk factors for early childhood caries (ECC), toothbrushes, and toothpaste. MI impact was measured as decayed, missing, and filled tooth surfaces (dmfs). Secondary outcomes included decayed surfaces, caries prevalence, and maternal oral health knowledge and behaviors. Modified intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. Eighty-eight percent of mothers completed at least 3 of 4 MI sessions offered. Results: After 3 y, dmfs was not significantly different for the 2 groups (MI + ECS = 10, ECS = 10.38, P = 0.68). In both groups, prevalence of caries experience was 7% to 9% after 1 y, 35% to 36% at 2 y, and 55% to 56% at 3 y. Mean knowledge scores increased by 5.0, 5.3, and 5.9 percentage points at years 1, 2, and 3 in the MI + ECS group and by 1.9, 3.3, and 5.0 percentage points in the ECS group (P = 0.03), respectively. Mean maternal oral health behavior scores were not statistically significantly different between the treatment arms. Conclusion: In summary, the MI intervention appeared to improve maternal knowledge but had no effect on oral health behaviors or on the progression of ECC (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116726). Knowledge Transfer Statement: The findings of this study suggest that motivational interviewing focusing on parental behaviors may not be as effective as previously hoped for slowing the development of childhood caries in some high-risk groups. Furthermore, social factors may be even more salient determinants of oral health than what we previously supposed, perhaps interfering with the capacity to benefit from behavioral strategies that have been useful elsewhere. The improvement of children’s oral health in high-risk populations characterized by poverty and multiple related life stresses may require more holistic approaches that address these formidable barriers.

scholarly journals Incidence of Oral Candidiasis, and the Relationship of Oral Candida Species with Severe Early Childhood Caries: A Microbiological In Vivo Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülçin Bulut ◽  
Yelda Sorguc
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sabouraud Agar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Severe Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Childhood Caries

INTRODUCTION: Cariogenic microorganisms play an important role in the development of caries. Although there are many researches on Streptococcus mutans as being a primary causative factor in caries, there is a lack in evaluation of relation between oral candidiasis and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC). The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of candida carriage, characterize different Candida species, and investigate their relationship with caries in 5-year-old children with S-ECC and with no caries. METHODS: This study was conducted on a total of 42 children aged 5-years with (Group S-ECC, n=21) and without caries (control group, n=21). Plaque samples were taken from the buccal, lingual and cervical surfaces of the teeth using a sterile cotton swab and cultured on Sabouraud Agar, Patota Agar and Chrome Agar for fungal growth. Number of candida colonies were recorded, their species were identified and germ tube test was used for virulance marker. RESULTS: The candidal carriage in the S-ECC and control groups was 52.4% and 9.5%, respectively. The intergroup difference was statistically significant (p=0.003). The incidence of C.albicans among all candida species was determined as 92%. The only isolated non-albicans Candida was C.Dupliniensis, the incidence in all candida species was 8 percent. The frequency of C.albicans was significantly higher in the S-ECC group (p=0.006). The virulence factor showed a significant difference between the groups (p=0.006). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study shows a strong relation between the presence of candida and S-ECC. C.albicans was the most common among detected candida species.

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