scholarly journals Research and conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2014 and 2015 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation mission). Part one: The Southern Bath and central town square

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 145-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Majcherek ◽  
Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner ◽  
Rafał Czerner ◽  
Wiesław Grzegorek
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Area North

Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2014 and 2015 included research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. The emphasis was foremost on research, conservation and exhibition of monuments in the area north of the central town square, especially the remains of public baths dating from the Hellenistic period. Research and conservation continued also in the area south of the central square, concentrating on the remains of Roman baths in use from the 2nd to the 4th century AD. Current maintenance and conservation were carried out in private houses and in the area south of the central square.

scholarly journals Research and conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2016 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation mission)

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Czerner ◽  
Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner ◽  
Wiesław Grzegorek ◽  
Piotr Zambrzycki
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The South ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Area North

Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2016 included research and conservation in the public district of the ancient town as well as in private houses. Work focused foremost on research, conservation and exhibition of monuments in the central town square, especially the remains of a peristyle adjacent from the east, and the southern portico of the square itself. Research and conservation continued also in the area north of the central square, concentrating on the remains of public baths dating from the Hellenistic period and, on the south, on the remnants of Roman baths in use from the 2nd to the 3rd century AD. Maintenance conservation was carried out in private houses, in both baths complexes and in the eastern and southern area of the central square.

scholarly journals Research and conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2014 and 2015 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation mission). Part two: The Hellenistic Baths

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 167-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Czerner ◽  
Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner ◽  
Wiesław Grzegorek ◽  
Grzegorz Majcherek
Keyword(s):  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
The Public ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Area North ◽  
The City

In 2014 and 2015, the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein undertook research, conservation and presentation of the area north of the central square of the ancient town. A major landmark in this part of the city are the public baths from the Hellenistic period, discovered in 1987. The work was focused on the main chambers of the bath: the central tholos with relics of hip-bathtubs, the neighboring room with an immersion bathtub, and a set of rooms in the southern area of the complex.

Women In Roman Baths

1992 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Bowen Ward
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Food Market

In 177 CE Christians in Lugdunum and Vienna in Gaul were persecuted, and some were martyred. The survivors sent a letter by Irenaeus to the churches in Asia and Phrygia describing what happened. Among other things, they complained that they were excluded from the baths (βαλανεῖα). Later in his Adversus haereses (ca. 190 CE) Irenaeus referred to a story he claimed stemmed from Polycarp of Smyrna, who died ca. 156 CE, about John the disciple going to the public baths (βαλανεῖον) in Ephesus where he saw Cerinthus. Tertullian of Carthage in his Apologeticum (197 CE) claimed that the Christians were no different from other people: they went to the forum, the food market, and the baths (balneia). These three passages, among the earliest references to Roman baths by Christians, suggest no ethical reservations about going to the baths. An interesting question arises: Were there women in these baths?

Euesperides 2006: Preliminary Report on the Spring 2006 season

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 117-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wilson ◽  
Paul Bennett ◽  
Ahmed Buzaian ◽  
Luca Cherstich ◽  
Ben Found ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
The City ◽  
Early Activity ◽  
Three Phases

AbstractThis paper is a preliminary report on the eighth and final fieldwork (Spring 2006) season of the excavations at Euesperides (Benghazi). Work continued in Areas P and Q on the Sidi Abeid mound, in Area R in the lower city and on the processing of finds from the 2006 and previous seasons.In Area P excavations continued below the primary floors of the antepenultimate phase in Room 5a where a series of inter-cutting pits beneath the primary floor provided a section through the stratigraphy to natural. The results of the work showed that occupation in the sixth to fourth centuries BC was less intensive and accumulated at a slower rate than in the Hellenistic period. Three phases of early activity were represented, with the earliest levels dated to the period c. 580–560 BC. A comparable picture emerged in Area R, but in Area Q a second-phase set of buildings laid out in or after the late sixth century BC, with houses flanking the street, persisted until late in the life of the city. Excavations in Area Q Extension revealed a large circular building with an internal floor of terracotta sherds set in cement, tentatively interpreted as part of a set of public baths. A late reuse of the building was indicated by a number of plaster-lined tanks formed over the terracotta floor. The presence of the building was taken to indicate that the building and an associated street, aligned over an in-filled quarry, may have been inter-mural, suggesting that the late city was of greater size than hitherto thought.Selected finewares, coarsewares and amphorae from the excavations are presented, together with preliminary observations, resulting from the environmental sampling of occupation deposits.

Islamiske renhedskategorier

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Østergaard Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Local Traditions ◽  
Common Logic ◽  
Islamic Rituals

Tahāra, the Islamic regulations of purity are discussed as they appear in the Islamic scriptures, and as they are practised in Morocco during visits to the public baths, hammām. The formal and local traditions are not considered as opposites, but they are demonstrated to be interacting in a common logic. It is pointed out that impurity is mainly connected to activities necessary for the reproduction of the human body. Consequently, it is proposed that the ablution and the visit to hammām are ways to transcend the earthly condition and prepare for a connection to God. Furthermore, it is suggested that Tahāra, as a system of meaning, can function as an approach to the analysis of other Islamic rituals, for example the fast of Ramadan.

‘The Old Work’ at the Roman Public Baths at Wroxeter

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Graham Webster ◽  
Paul Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
Northern Side ◽  
The Town

The Public Baths in the Roman town of Viroconium, the tribal centre of the Cornovii, have long attracted the attention of the antiquary through the miraculous preservation above ground of a length of walling. This is in fact one of the only three substantial portions of walls of Roman civil buildings in Britain which have survived the stone robbers of medieval and later times. The other two, the Mint Wall at Lincoln and the Jewry Wall at Leicester must owe their survival to being incorporated in later buildings in the middle of a medieval town. But at Wroxeter ‘The Old Work’, as it has been called since Camden's time, stands today as it has stood for centuries in the midst of cornfields. Why this wall should have stood while others were demolished and even their foundations grubbed out must remain a problem. It was clearly a place to begin excavations and Thomas Wright records that ‘on the 3rd February 1859 a pit was sunk against the northern side of the ‘Old Wall’. His excavation developed to the north and revealed the long basilican hall which can now be recognized as the palaestra of the Baths, although at the time this was not fully understood. Indeed after further work by G. E. Fox and W. H. St. John Hope in 1896 and 1899, summarized by F. Haverfield, the identification of this as the Basilica or lawcourts of the town persisted.

scholarly journals Research and architectural conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2018 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission)

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-99
Author(s):  
Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner ◽  
Rafał Czerner
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Roman Baths ◽  
Architectural Conservation ◽  
Town Center ◽  
Land Grading

Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2018 comprised research and conservation mainly in the public district of the ancient town and, additionally, in private houses. Work focused foremost on research and presentation of remains of two streets, running east and south of the southeastern corner of the main town square, and the adjoining monuments. Research and conservation continued also on the remains of public Roman baths dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, located in the area south of the square. Maintenance conservation was carried out in Houses H21c and H1 and in the ancient town center. Land grading to enhance exhibition value and ensure rainwater drainage was carried out in some areas.

scholarly journals Research and conservation in Marina el-Alamein in the 2012 and 2013 seasons. The Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Rafał Czerner ◽  
Grażyna Bąkowska-Czerner ◽  
Wiesław Grzegorek
Keyword(s):  
The Public ◽  
Public Square ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Public Baths ◽  
A Site

In 2012 and 2013, the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein focused on research and conservation in the public part of the ancient town, the dwelling houses and the necropolis. A site presentation program was continued in the area south of a public square, where remains of Roman public baths, in use from the 2nd to the 4th century, have survived. Current maintenance and conservation was carried out on the site of dwelling houses and, in 2013, on the aboveground mausoleum of tomb T21 in the necropolis. Conservation of mural paintings was undertaken also during the seasons.

scholarly journals The Leiden-Turin Archaeological Expedition to Saqqara: Preliminary Results of the 2019 Fieldwork Season.

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Del Vesco ◽  
Christian Greco ◽  
Daniel Soliman ◽  
Nico Staring ◽  
Lara Weiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Models ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Digital Reconstruction ◽  
Excavation Work ◽  
Area North ◽  
Small Finds

In the 2019 season, the joint Leiden-Turin Expedition to Saqqara continued work in the area north of the tomb of Maya with the aim of lowering the terrain above the new tomb discovered during the 2018 season (V82.1) and to prepare the area for further exploration in 2020. Many layers of deposit situated immediately to the north of the new tomb were removed and – although they mostly originated from previous excavations in the 1980s and 1990s –  systematically investigated. Several dumps of organic material such as linen and wood as well as numerous small finds and relief fragments were identified and recorded. In addition, existing storage facilities on site were renovated and upgraded. In this process, part of the underground structures of the tombs of Horemheb and Meryneith were surveyed by the 3D Survey Group (Politecnico di Milano). Thanks to the cooperation with the same Milanese team, a new documentation method was tested during the ongoing excavation work. Within a 3D-model the different stages of excavation were recorded, allowing the digital reconstruction of the stratigraphy of the whole area and the documentation of all finds in their original contexts. A Digital Surface Model of the entire concession area was also produced, and 3D-models of some of the previously excavated monumental tombs were created. Lastly, since heavy rainfalls had damaged many of the earlier excavated monumental tombs open to the public, they were consolidated and where necessary rebuilt. ملخص في موسم 2019، واصلت البعثة ليدن-تورينو المشتركة عملها في سقارة في المنطقة شمال قبر مايا، بهدف إزالة الأتربة التي تراكمت فوق القبر الجديد الذي اكتُشِف خلال موسم 2018 (V82.1) وإعداد المنطقة لموسم التنقيب لعام 2020. تمت إزالة العديد من طبقات الأتربة التي تغطي المنطقة الشمالية من القبر الجديد، بالرغم من أن هذه الرواسب تراكمت في الغالب بموجب الحفريات السابقة في الثمانينيات والتسعينيات، فقد تمت دراستها بشكل منهجي. قامت البعثة بالتنقيب وبتسجيل العديد من المواد العضوية مثل الكتان والخشب و غيرها من الشظايا واكتشافات أخرى صغيرة. كما أنه تم الكشف وتسجيل مرافق التخزين الموجودة في الموقع. من خلال هذه العملية، قام فريق الباحثين من الفرع التقني لجامعة ميلانو بمسح جزء من الهياكل تحت الأرض لمقابر حورمحب و مرينيث باستخدام الماسح ثلاثي الأبعاد. بفضل تعاون هذا الفريق، تم أثناء أعمال التنقيب اختبار طريقة جديدة في التوثيق. استناداً على النموذج ثلاثي الأبعاد، تم تسجيل مراحل التنقيب المختلفة مما سمح بإعادة البناء الرقمي للمنطقة بأكملها وتوثيق جميع الاكتشافات في أماكنها الأصلية. تم تنفيذ نموذج رقمي لكامل سطح المنطقة بالإضافة إلى إنشاء نماذج ثلاثية الأبعاد لبعض المقابر الأثرية التي نُقّب عنها سابقاً. وأخيراً، بما أن الأمطار الغزيرة ألحقت الضرر بالعديد من المقابر الأثرية المكتشفة سابقاً والمفتوحة لزيارة الجمهور، فقد تم تدعيمها وإعادة بناء الأقسام الضرورية.

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