Research and architectural conservation in Marina el-Alamein in 2018 (Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission)

Activities undertaken by the Polish–Egyptian Conservation Mission to Marina el-Alamein in 2018 comprised research and conservation mainly in the public district of the ancient town and, additionally, in private houses. Work focused foremost on research and presentation of remains of two streets, running east and south of the southeastern corner of the main town square, and the adjoining monuments. Research and conservation continued also on the remains of public Roman baths dating from the 1st to the 3rd century AD, located in the area south of the square. Maintenance conservation was carried out in Houses H21c and H1 and in the ancient town center. Land grading to enhance exhibition value and ensure rainwater drainage was carried out in some areas.

Use of 3D Total Station and Autocad Civil for Grading Planning

This study was structured with the aim of carrying out topographic measurements and analyzing grading planning in the API Madiun campus area. The study was conducted using a Total Station measurement tool and a 3D Autocad Civil 3D imaging tool. Surveyor personnel used in carrying out measurements are surveyors who are trained using Total Station equipment. The study produced ten benchmark point (BM) locations as a measurement reference in areas within the Madiun API land. The topographic analysis results from the contour map identified the Madiun API land area as relatively flat with the difference between the lowest and highest elevation of 5.132 m with an average slope of 3.32%. The grading plan shows that there are two main areas that require landfills with the total pile volume requirement of 8,281.4 m3. Evaluation of the implementation of measurements shows the need for supervision and evaluation so as not to make mistakes that can occur by the measurement implementer. The use of Autocad Civil 3D software tools facilitates and accelerates the process of depicting engineering and land grading planning. Measurement with Total Station and depiction with Autocad Civil 3D needs to be optimized by integration into the lecture syllabus in order to become one of the soft skill competencies possessed by graduates of Building Engineering and Railways of API Madiun.

PERCEPATAN PELAKSANAAN KAWASAN INDUSTRI SURYA CIPTA KARAWANG PROPINSI JAWA BARAT

Kawasan Indutri yang bernama Surya Cipta di daerah Karawang Jawa barat merupakan bagian dari pengembangan industri (development industrial) sebagai tempat usaha bagi para pengusaha baik lokal maupun pengusaha asing yang bergerak dibidang industri diantaranya assembling kendaraan; pabrik ban mobil; industri konstruksi; konveksi dan lain-lain.Lokasi berada pada suatu tempat dimana keadaan (existing) berupa lahan yang berbukit dan berlembah yang dibuat rata dengan cara bukit dipotong/digali (cut) dan lembah diurug (fill)dipadatkan dan dibuta petak-petak (kavling) untuk didirikan suatu pabrik sebagai operasionalproduksi yang akan dipasarkan baik diimport maupun diekspor.Karena pekerjaan bersifat pekerjaan tanah sebagai bagian pekerjaan pemula atau awal pembuka jenis-jenis pekerjaan konstruksi lainya maka harus diprioritaskan. Dalam pelaksanaan harus diperhatikan bahwa cuaca di Indonesia ada dua musim penghujan biasanya bulan Oktober-Maret dan musim kemarau biasanya bulan April hingga September sehingga waktu efektif kerja untuk pekerjaan cut/fill akan efektif praktis enam bulan dalam setahun.Mencermati waktu efektif maka harus memperbanyak group pelaksana (Sub Kontraktor) karena lahan luas dan kerja monoton maka produktivitas galian tanah bisa lebih banyak ,bila musim hujan harus selalu menanggulangi system drainase maka pekerjaan akan lebih cepat selesai.Terbukti pada saat pekerjaan tahap I luas 500 Ha dengan volume galian 1.500.000 M3pertahun dan tahap II luas 400Ha volume galian tanah 7.750.000 M3 jadwal 21 bulan dapat diselesaikan waktu enam bulan. Kata Kunci: Percepatan Pelaksanaan Land Grading (Cut & Fill).

Spatial Analysis Model for Agricultural Land Grading Based on GIS

To improve the efficiency of spatial analysis a novel model is proposed. Based on analyzing on workflows and techniques, the research mainly put emphasis on optimizing data organizations, enhancing data accessing efficiency, improving spatial researches, simplifying complex operations, and realizing automation. The model employed ArcGIS Engine, ArcSDE and ADO.net to design and implement its functions through programming under the Dot NET Framework. It has been applied to the grading work of agricultural lands in Lanping County, Yunnan Province, which shows that it can simplify operations, improve accuracy, and has features of good practicality and generality and should be applicable in other settings and over larger extents.

The implications of a changing climate on agricultural land classification in England and Wales

SUMMARYThe agricultural land classification (ALC) of England and Wales is a formal method of assessing the quality of agricultural land and guiding future land use. It assesses several soil, site and climate criteria and classifies land according to whichever is the most limiting. A common approach is required for calculating the necessary agroclimatic parameters over time in order to determine the effects of changes in the climate on land grading. In the present paper, climatic parameters required by the ALC classification have been re-calculated from a range of primary climate data, available from the Meteorological Office's UKCP09 historical dataset, provided as 5 km rasters for every month from 1914 to 2000. Thirty-year averages of the various agroclimatic properties were created for 1921–50, 1931–60, 1941–70, 1951–80, 1961–90 and 1971–2000. Soil records from the National Soil Inventory on a 5 km grid across England and Wales were used to determine the required soil and site parameters for determining ALC grade. Over the 80-year period it was shown that the overall climate was coolest during 1951–80. However, the area of land estimated in retrospect as ‘best and most versatile (BMV) land’ (Grades 1, 2 and 3a) probably peaked in the 1951–80 period as the cooler climate resulted in fewer droughty soils, more than offsetting the land which was downgraded by the climate being too cold. Overall there has been little change in the proportions of ALC grades among the six periods once all 10 factors (climate, gradient, flooding, texture, depth, stoniness, chemical, soil wetness, droughtiness and erosion) are taken into account. This is because it is rare for changes in climate variables all to point in the same direction in terms of ALC. Thus, a reduction in rainfall could result in higher grades in wetter areas but lead to lower classification in drier areas.

Land Grading dengan Metode Plane of Best Fit untuk Pencetakan Sawah Baru

Dalam rangka optimasi biaya pelaksanaan galian dan timbunan pada saat pencetakan sawah baru, pelaksanaan land grading sangat diperlukan. Oleh karenanya pada makalah ini akan dibahas tentang Land Grading untuk irigasi permukaan, serta alasan dan keuntungannya jika melaksanakan Land Grading pada pencetakan sawah baru. Ada beberapa metode land grading yang telah digunakan, namun pada makalah ini hanya membahas land grading dengan metode Plane of Best Fit yang merupakan pengembangan dari metode Least Square. Pada negara maju, juga dilakukan Land Consolidation pada saat pencetakan sawah baru. Dari hasil kajian (Damar S., 1987), menunjukkan bahwa metode Average Profile sesuai untuk lahan yang berbentuk persegi misalnya yang telah dilakukan Land Consolidation, sedangkan metode Least Square sesuai untuk lahan dengan bentuk tidak teratur. Pada makalah ini akan dibahas tentang beberapa faktor yang secara serius dapat mempengaruhi biaya pelaksanaan, seperti kemiringan permukaan tanah yang akan mempengaruhi besarnya volume galian dan timbunan, serta jenis dan luas areal tanah yang akan dilakukan uji coba. Berdasarkan hasil dari berbagai percobaan, Land grading dengan metode Plane of Best Fit memberikan hasil yang paling akurat dan cepat.

Application of Erosion 2D Model for Erosion Studies in Makurdi Metropolis of Benue State, Nigeria

The equations of Erosion 2D Model (a physically based model) were transformed into a computer programme called EROSOFT and used to predict the rate of soil loss in Makurdi metropolis. The model has detachment, transport and deposition components. Four sites were chosen within the metropolis for this study. Soil samples were collected from the sites for laboratory analysis. Rainfall and runoff fluids were collected from the sites to determine their densities. Levelling instrument was used to detremine the channels slopes. The model predicted an average annual soil loss rate of 310kg m-2s-1 for the metropolis. The sensitivity analysis of the model indicates that straight slopes are more prone to soil erosion. The result of the model deviates slightly from established facts that, sandy soils are more erodible and hence prone to be easily detached. Nevertheless, the model shows that soil erosion is influenced by slope geometry and rainfall intensity. The study attributes the major causes of soil erosion in the city to urban runoff concentration and removal of vegetation, and therefore suggests the use of land grading, land forming and cover cropping as well as conservation structures like road side drains for the control of erosion in the metropolis.