Vision problems in children - a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
L Kourkouta ◽  
E Frantzana ◽  
Ch. Iliadis ◽  
P. Ouzounakis ◽  
A. Monios

<b>Introduction</b>: A vision problem is a condition which involves not only visual difficulty but also blindness. <b>Purpose</b>: The purpose of this short review study is the early recognition of vision problems in children, the proper treatment as well as their prevention. <b>Materials and methods</b>: The material of the study has been recent articles on the subject that have been found mainly in the electronic database Medline, (HEAL-Link), with the following keywords: children, vision impairment, blindness, treatment, prevention. <b>Review</b>: A high risk group of individuals that frequently presents ophthalmic severe lesions leading to blindness consists of children with prenatal and perinatal adverse effects. <b>Conclusions</b>: Education gives the opportunity of co-existence between the blind and people who are able to see. This is the path to social inclusion of individuals with vision problems. Moreover, it is estimated these two groups would have more points in common than differences between them through this experience.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
T. Kurilina ◽  
T. Marushko ◽  
A. Pysariev ◽  
R. Loboda ◽  
I. Shurygina ◽  
...  

NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT OF PALLIATIVE CHILDREN WITH SERIOUS NUTRIRION DEFICITT. Kurilina, T. Marushko, A. Pysariev, R. Loboda, I. Shurygina, K. Mashurenko Children with severe injury of nervous system compose high risk group on nutrition deficit. The purpose of the study is to assess the degree of nutrition deficit, calculate its actual requirement in enteric substrate and organization of adequate feeding.   Indices of Broke 2, Pine, Z-score were used for determination of nutrition insufficiency degree. Physiological and actual requirements were defined by Schofield (WН) equation.   Broke 2 index accounted for 40 %, BWI – 9.18, Z-score for BW on age – "-"6, for height on age – "-"12, for BW on height – "-3.5", which attested about extreme degree of nutritive insufficient (cachexia) and significant delay in physical development. High requirements in energy and low tolerance for necessary volume of feeding determine the administration of specialized isocaloric clinical product. Conclusion. Employment of simple standardized indices allows to determine the degree of nutrition deficit in palliative children. The definition of actual, instead physiological, requirements and administration of special clinical products permits to provide adequate nutrition in spite of low tolerance for high volume of feeding.      Keywords:   children, palliative care, nutrition’s deficit, clinical feeding, polymeric enteral products   НУТРИТИВНА ПІДТРИМКА ДІТЕЙ ПАЛІАТИВНОЇ ГРУПИ З ТЯЖКИМ НУТРИТИВНИМ ДЕФІЦИТОМКуріліна Т.В., Марушко Т.В., Писарєв А.О., Лобода Р.Н., Шуригіна І.В., Машуренко К.Ю. Діти з тяжкими ураженнями нервової системи складають групу високого ризику по нутритивному дефіциту. Мета дослідження - оцінка ступеня нутритивного дефіциту у дитини паліативної групи, розрахунок її фактичних потреб у ентеральному субстраті та організація адекватного харчування. Матеріали і методи. Для визначення ступеня нутритивної недостатності використовували індекс Брока, індекс Пін’є, Z-score. Проведено обчислення фізіологічних та фактичних енергетичних потреб за рівнянням Schofield (WН).  Результати: значення індексу Брока 2 у дитини становило 40 %, ІМТ – 9,18, Z-score для маси тіла на вік – "-"6, Z-score для росту на вік – "-"12, Z-score для маси тіла на довжину тіла – "-3,5", що свідчить про крайній ступінь нутритивної недостатності (кахексія) та значне відставання у фізичному розвитку. Високі енергетичні фактичні потреби та низька толерантність до потрібних об’ємів годування обумовили призначення спеціалізованого ізокалорійного клінічного харчування. Висновки. Застосування простих стандартизованих індексів дозволяє визначити ступінь нутритивного дефіциту у дітей паліативної групи. Визначення фактичних, замість фізіологічних потреб, а також застосування продуктів спеціалізованого клінічного харчування дозволяє забезпечити адекватне харчування, незважаючи на низьку толерантність до високих об’ємів їжі.Ключові слова: діти, паліативна допомога, нутритивний дефіцит, клінічне харчування, полімерні ентеральні субстрати  НУТРИТИВНАЯ ПОДДЕРЖКА ДЕТЕЙ ПАЛЛИАТИВНОЙ ГРУППЫ С ТЯЖЕЛЫМ НУТРИТИВНЫМ ДЕФИЦИТОМТ.В. Курилина, Т.В. Марушко, А.А. Писарев, Р.Н. Лобода, И.В. Шурыгина, Е.Ю. МашуренкоДети с тяжелыми повреждениями нервной системы составляют группу высокого риска по нутритивному дефициту. Цель исследования – оценка степени нутритивного дефицита у ребенка паллиативной группы, расчет ее фактических потребностей в энтеральном субстрате и организация адекватного вскармливания. Материал и методы. Для определения степени нутритивной недостаточности использовали индекс Брока 2, индекс Пинье, Z-score. По уравнению Schofield (WН)  определены физиологические и фактические потребности. Результаты: индекс Брока 2 составил 40 %, ИМТ – 9,18, Z-score для массы тела на возраст – "-"6, для роста на возраст – "-"12, для массы тела на рост – "-3,5", что свидетельствует о крайней степени нутритивной недостаточности (кахексия) и значительное отставание в физическом развитии. Высокие  энергетические потребности и низкая толерантность к нужным объемам кормления обусловили назначение специализированного изокалорийного клинического питания. Выводы. Использование простых стандартизированных индексов позволяет определить степень нутритивного дефицита у детей паллиативной группы. Определение фактических, вместо физиологических потребностей, а также использование специализированных продуктов клинического питания позволяет обеспечить адекватное питание, несмотря на низкую толерантность к высоким объемам питания.Ключевые слова: дети, паллиативная помощь, нутритивный дефицит, клиническое питание, полимерные энтеральные субстраты.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhan ◽  
Chandala Chitguppi ◽  
Ethan Berman ◽  
Gurston Nyquist ◽  
Tomas Garzon-Muvdi ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (43) ◽  
pp. 1709-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Móczár

Introduction: Cardiovascular risk assessment may help in the identification of symptom-free subjects with high cardiovascular risk. Aim: The author studied the correlation between SCORE and Reynolds risk assessment systems based on data from the cardiovascular risk screening program carried out in subjects without cardiovascular disease. Method: Data obtained from 4462 subjects (1977 men and 2485 women; mean age, 47,4 years) were analysed. The comparison was based on risk categories of the SCORE system. Results: There was a strong correlation between the two scoring systems in the low risk population (under <2% SCORE risk the Spearman rho = 1, p < 0.001). A weak correlation was found in the medium risk group (between 3–4% the Spearman rho = 0.59–0.49, p < 0.001 and between 10–14% the Spearman rho = 0.42, ns.) and a stronger correlation in the high risk group (>15% the Spearmen rho = 0.8, p = 0.017). When correlations were analysed in gender and age categories, the weakest correlation was detected in medium risk women over 40 years of age. In cases when the differences between the two scoring systems were significant, the hsCRP levels were significantly higher (4.1 vs. 5.67 mg/L, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Introduction of hsCRP into cardiovascular risk assessments can refine the risk status of symptom-free subjects, especially among intermediate risk middle-age women (two-step risk assessment). Orv. Hetil., 154 (43), 1709–1712.


2016 ◽  
pp. 140-143
Author(s):  
N.V. Cotsabin ◽  
◽  
O.M. Makarchuk ◽  

The proportion of patients with multiple unsuccessful attempts of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is about 30% of all patients treated with the use of ART. Women with history of unsuccessful ART attempts - a special category of patients who require emergency attention and a thorough examination at the stage of preparation for superovulation stimulation,the selection of embryos and endometrium preparation for embryo transfer. The objective: to distinguish high-risk group of unsuccessful attempts based on a detailed analysis of anamnestic and clinical data of infertile women with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts that requires more in-depth study of hormonal features, ovarian reserve and condition of the endometrium. Materials and methods. For better understanding of the problem of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts and сreation of efficient infertility treatment algorithms for these couples we conducted a thorough analysis of anamnestic data of three groups of infertile women (105 patients), which were distributed by age: group I – younger than 35, the II group – from 35 to 40, the III group - over 40 years. These groups of patients were compared with each other and with the control group of healthy women (30 persons). Results. Leading stress factors in the percentage three times prevailed in the group of infertile women and had a direct connection with the fact of procedure «fertilization in vitro» and chronic stressors caused by prolonged infertility. Primary infertility was observed significantly more frequent in patients younger than 35 years (p <0.05), secondary infertility - mostly in the second and third experimental groups (p <0.05). Noteworthy significant percentage of wellknown causes of infertility and idiopathic factor in all groups, and the prevalence of tubal-peritoneal factor in the second and third experimental groups, and endocrine dysfunction in the I experimental group. The most common disorder among this category of woman was polycystic ovary syndrome. Frequency of usual miscarriage among patients of I ana II groups was two times higher than in the third group (p <0.05). Among the experimental groups the leading place belongs urinary tract infection, respiratory tract diseases, pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Data of the stratified analysis show an increase likelihood of repeated unsuccessful ART attempts under the influence of constant chronic stress (odds ratio OR=2.06; 95% CI: 0.95–3.17; p<0.05). Conclusions. Among infertile patients with repeated unsuccessful ART attempts must be separated a high risk group of failures. The identity depends on the duration of infertility, female age and leading combination of factors. Key words: repeated unsuccessful ART attempts, anamnesis, infertility, high risk.


2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran O. McDonnell ◽  
James B. Semmens ◽  
Yvonne B. Allen ◽  
Shirley J. Jansen ◽  
D. Mark Brooks ◽  
...  

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Zhou ◽  
Xiaoli Liu ◽  
Xinhui Wang ◽  
Fengna Yan ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma (AFP-NHCC) (< 8.78 ng/mL) have special clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis. The aim of this study was to apply a new method to establish and validate a new model for predicting the prognosis of patients with AFP-NHCC. Methods A total of 410 AFP-negative patients with clinical diagnosed with HCC following non-surgical therapy as a primary cohort; 148 patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy as an independent validation cohort. In primary cohort, independent factors for overall survival (OS) by LASSO Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram1; by Forward Stepwise Cox regression were all contained into the nomogram2. Nomograms performance and discriminative power were assessed with concordance index (C-index) values, area under curve (AUC), Calibration curve and decision curve analyses (DCA). The results were validated in the validation cohort. Results The C-index of nomogram1was 0.708 (95%CI: 0.673–0.743), which was superior to nomogram2 (0.706) and traditional modes (0.606–0.629). The AUC of nomogram1 was 0.736 (95%CI: 0.690–0.778). In the validation cohort, the nomogram1 still gave good discrimination (C-index: 0.752, 95%CI: 0.691–0.813; AUC: 0.784, 95%CI: 0.709–0.847). The calibration curve for probability of OS showed good homogeneity between prediction by nomogram1 and actual observation. DCA demonstrated that nomogram1 was clinically useful. Moreover, patients were divided into three distinct risk groups for OS by the nomogram1: low-risk group, middle-risk group and high-risk group, respectively. Conclusions Novel nomogram based on LASSO Cox regression presents more accurate and useful prognostic prediction for patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy. This model could help patients with AFP-NHCC following non-surgical therapy facilitate a personalized prognostic evaluation.


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