The role of oncogenic viruses in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma – literature review

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
Magdalena Sawczuk ◽  
Beata Sawczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Miąsko ◽  
Izabela Szarmach
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oral Carcinoma ◽  
Common Denominator ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Oncogenic Virus

The most common kind of oral cancer is known to be the epithelial cells cancer. The disease develops under the influence of many factors. Extensive studies confirms relationship of the occurrence of cancer in the mouth area and infection with oncogenic virus. Papilloma virus (HPV) and Ebstein-Barr (EBV) are considerate to be the most potent oncogenic viruses. Aim. The aim of the studies was to present the role of the oncogenic virus in the development of squamous cell of oral cancer. Materials and methods. Literature was carried out from November 2014 to January 2018 period using „Pub-Med”, MEDLINE, SCOPUS with keywords: squamous cell carcinoma of the Oral Cavity, oncogenic factors in squamous cell in oral carcinoma, oncogenic virus, role of Ebstein-Barr virus in the development of squamous cell of oral carcinoma, role of human papillomavirus in the development of squamous cell carcinoma. Results. To the review 16 publications were qualified that meet certain criteria for good literature. Identification of comparative characteristics was aimed at finding a common denominator of research results. Discussion. In the review the focus point was on the role of factors which is oncogenic virus. Analysis of the available data has confirmed that more and more frequent cause of commonly known factors such as tobacco smoke, alcohol, neglect hygiene, and genetic factor became undoubtedly the role of virus factor. Summary. High incidence of cancers has led to the search for relevant etiological factors in the development carcinoma process, especially in and around oral cavity. Knowledge of the most cancerogenic factors is important in order to prevent, and the search of effective treatments. In addition, the cited publications, draws attention to the fact the use of saliva as research material. This throws a new light on the work of dentists and the possibility of their involvement in the process of tumor detection and the initiating factor of oncogenesis.

scholarly journals Genes and pathways monotonically dysregulated during progression from normal through leukoplakia to gingivo-buccal oral cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debodipta Das ◽  
Arindam Maitra ◽  
Chinmay K. Panda ◽  
Sandip Ghose ◽  
Bidyut Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Immune Evasion ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Precancerous Tissue

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma of the gingivo-buccal region (OSCC-GB) accounts for the highest cancer morbidity and mortality among men in India. It has been observed that about one-third of individuals with oral leukoplakia, a dysplastic precancerous lesion in the oral cavity, progress to oral cancer. We aimed to identify systematic transcriptomic changes as a normal tissue in the oral cavity progresses to frank OSCC-GB. Seventy-two OSCC-GB patients, from multiple hospitals, were recruited, and transcriptome analysis of tumor and adjacent normal tissue (of all patients) and adjacent leukoplakia tissue (of a subset of 25 unselected patients with concomitant leukoplakia) was performed. We have identified many differences in the transcriptomic profiles between OSCC-GB and squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck regions. Compared to the normal/precancerous tissue, significant enrichment of ECM−receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling, cytokine−cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and cell cycle pathways were observed in OSCC-GB. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we identified a profound role of interferon receptor signaling in tumor growth by activating immune evasion mechanisms. The role of tumor-infiltrating immune cells further supported the growth and immunosuppressive mechanism of tumor tissues. Some immune evasion genes—CD274, CD80, and IDO1—were found to be activated even in the precancerous tissue. Taken together, our findings provide a clear insight into the sequential genetic dysregulation associated with progression to oral cancer. This insight provides a window to the development of predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets for gingivo-buccal oral cancer.

Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Ishani Gupta ◽  
Rekha Rani ◽  
Jyotsna Suri
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

Oral cancer is one of a major health problem in some parts of the world especially in the developing countries. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world whereas in India it is one of the most prevalent cancer. Oral cavity lesions are usually asymptomatic. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion is the first step for the proper management of patients and histopathology is considered as the gold standard. The objective is to study the different patterns of oral cavity lesions seen in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu: One year retrospective study. Post graduate department of pathology.: It was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year from March 2020 to Feb 2021. 148 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The parameters that were included in the study were sociodemographic data, site of the lesion, clinical features and histological diagnosis. Data collected was analysed.148 cases of oral lesions were identified during the period of study. The age of patients varied from 5 to 78years and Male to Female ratio was 2.2:1. Buccal mucosa (30%) was the most common site involved which was followed by tonsil (19%). Out of 148 cases 70 cases were malignant, 10 cases pre malignant and 21 cases were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma (33.7%) was the most common lesion present in our study. Oral cavity lesions have a vast spectrum of diseases which range from tumour like lesions to benign and malignant tumours. Our study concluded that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity. Histological typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy and it is essential for the proper management of the patient.

scholarly journals Role of viruses in oral squamous cell carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmi Metgud ◽  
Madhusudan Astekar ◽  
Meenal Verma ◽  
Ashish Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Oncogenic Viruses ◽  
Exact Role ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

The etiology of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is complex and involves many factors. The most clearly defined risk factors are smoking and alcohol, which substantially increase the risk of oral SCC. However, despite this clear association, a substantial proportion of patients develop OSCC without exposure to them, emphasizing the role of other risk factors such as genetic susceptibility and oncogenic viruses. Some viruses are strongly associated with OSCC while the association of others is less frequent and may depend on co-factors for their carcinogenic effects. Therefore, the exact role of viruses must be evaluated with care in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of OSCC.

The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (11) ◽  
pp. 549-552
Author(s):  
Anna Lazutkin ◽  
Ron Eliashar ◽  
Jawad Abu-Tair ◽  
Jeffrey M. Weinberger ◽  
Nir Hirshoren
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node ◽  
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Node Biopsy

scholarly journals Current Role of Radiotherapy in the Management of Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 194338752097141
Author(s):  
William M. Mendenhall ◽  
Adam L. Holtzman ◽  
Roi Dagan ◽  
Curtis M. Bryant ◽  
Kathryn E. Hitchcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Extranodal Extension ◽  
Postoperative Setting ◽  
Extent Of Disease

Study Design: Literature review. Objective: To review the current role of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Methods: Review of selected literature. Results: T1-T2N0 SCCs may be treated with either RT alone or surgery with a high likelihood of cure. The pendulum swung toward surgery with postoperative RT (PORT) added depending on the pathological findings in the mid 1980s. Patients with positive margins, extranodal extension (ENE), and/or 4 or more positive nodes receive concomitant chemotherapy (POCRT). Patients with T3-T4 and/or positive regional nodes are treated with surgery and PORT alone or POCRT. The likelihood of cure is moderate to low depending on extent of disease. The likelihood of major complications ranges from 10% to 30% depending on the method of reconstruction and the aggressiveness of postoperative PORT/POCRT. Patients with very advanced disease are treated with palliative RT, chemotherapy, or supportive care. Conclusions: The role of RT in the management of oral cavity SCC is primarily in the postoperative setting with palliative RT being reserved for those with very advanced disease where the likelihood of cure is remote.

Role of Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral cancer is a potentially fatal disease, which constitutes an important portion of tumors of the head and neck region. Among head and neck cancers, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) constitute 90% of total cancers. Regardless of the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible to the accumulation of carcinogens, most oral cancers are typically detected at an advanced stage leading to lower survival rate among subjects. Abnormal cellular products elucidated from malignant cells can be detected and measured in various body fluids including saliva, which constitute tumor markers. Saliva, an aqueous biological fluid, is in direct contact with the oral cancer lesion. Hence, the saliva in any stage of oral cancer constitutes abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), acid (RNA), and protein molecules. Saliva, being a noninvasive diagnostic aid, can be an alternative to serum for early detection, status of chemotherapy regime, and also patient prognosis. This article aims at providing a brief overview of various salivary biomarkers and their implications in oral cancer. How to cite this article Gupta P. Role of Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(3):155-160.

scholarly journals Distribution of oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinda Tegar Jelita ◽  
Lucky Riawan ◽  
Herman Hambali
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Oral Carcinoma ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Common Area

Introduction: Carcinoma is a highly malignant tumour of epithelium that occurred in the oral cavity. One of the most common therapies given is radiotherapy, with healing, adjuvant, and palliative intentions. This research was aimed to discover the distribution of oral carcinoma requiring radiotherapy. Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive method. Samples were taken from the medical record of patients with oral cavity carcinoma requiring radiotherapy at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, of January 2006–December 2010. Results: This study indicated that as many as 23 (20.9%) cases of oral carcinoma requiring radiotherapy from a total of 110 oral carcinoma cases in that period. Type of radiotherapy most frequently found was adjuvant radiotherapy, by 14 (60.8%) cases. The most frequent type of oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy was squamous cell carcinoma, by 12 (52.1%) cases. Tongue become the most common area of oral carcinoma requiring radiotherapy, by 7 (30.4%) cases. Oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy was most frequently found in men by 14 (60.8%) cases. The age group of 41-50 was become the majority by 7 (30.4%) cases from all of the oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy. Conclusion: Distribution of oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of Hasan Sadikin Hospital is found in as many as 23 (20.9%) cases. Most frequent radiotherapy given is adjuvant radiotherapy (14 (60.8%) cases). The most frequent type of oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy is squamous cell carcinoma (12 (52.1%) cases). The most common area of oral carcinoma requiring radiotherapy is tongue (7 (30.4%) cases). Oral carcinoma case requiring radiotherapy was most frequently found in men (14 (60.8%) cases). The age group of 41-50 is the majority age suffered from disease (7 (30.4%) cases).

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