The development of postural control in 6–17 old years healthy children. Part II Postural control evaluation – Limits of Stability Test (LOS) in 6–17 old year children

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Krystyna Orendorz-Frączkowska ◽  
Marzena Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Limits Of Stability

<b>Introduction</b>: The ability to Reach quickly to changing external stimuli, to move the body quickly and precisely in any direction and to maintain the centre of gravity above the support base, all contribute to maintaining balance in dynamic conditions. The Limits of Stability Test (LOS) provides information on the state of dynamic equilibrium in a standing position.<br> <b>Aim</b> : Assessment of dynamic postural control in developmental age.<br> <b>Material</b> : 127 healthy children (65 girls and 62 boys) aged 6 – 17years. <br> <b>Methods</b>: All children underwent LOS test (posturograph NeuroCom) with registration of reaction time (RT), movement velocity (MVL), directional control (DCL) , maximum excursion (MXE) and endpoint excursion (EPE).<br> <b>Results</b>: At the age of 6-7 years, not fully developed jumping strategy and visual feedback mechanism in the control of movement were observed. All tested parameters were significantly worse in children aged 6 – 9 years. After this period, a significant improvement in TR and MVL was observed, with no significant changes in subsequent age groups while significant improvement in MXE up to 12 , EPE and DCL up to 13 years of age was noted. No significant gender differences were fund in the LOS test parameters. <br> <b>Conclusions</b>: 1 The LOS test showed significantly lower dynamic balance development in children aged 6 – 7 years. 2 The study showed a significant improvement in all parameters of the LOS test up to 13 years of age, which supports the termination of the function at that time.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Practice and Optimal Development of Postural Control in School Children: Are They Related?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose L. García-Soidán ◽  
Jesús García-Liñeira ◽  
Raquel Leirós-Rodríguez ◽  
Anxela Soto-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Control State

Background: This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity practice on the postural control state of school children. If such an effect was detected, the second aim of the study was to identify which specific capacities of postural control benefited the most from physical activity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using a convenience sample of 118 healthy children (54 girls) with a mean age of 10.3 ± 1.2 years. Their weight and height were measured. The accelerometric assessment of balance included four different tests in static balance and walking. Results: Physical activity habit prevalence was 38.9% in girls and 60.9% in boys, and its frequency was 2.3 days per week in girls and 2.8 days in boys. The active children obtained lower accelerations, but the active and sedentary girls showed lower accelerometric values than the active boys. The logistic regression analysis demonstrated the influence of sex on the accelerations of the body (p < 0.001), regardless of the habit of physical activity. Conclusions: Active children have better postural control than sedentary children, although sedentary girls have better balance than active boys. Therefore, physical activity practice seems to favor a more efficient development of postural control, but it cannot level or reverse the effect of the neurophysiological factors that are conditioned by sex.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHM ON BALANCE PERFORMANCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osman Karagul ◽  
Gulbin Rudarli Nalcakan ◽  
Yeliz Dogru ◽  
Murat Tas
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Balance Performance

AbstractIntroduction. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of circadian rhythm on dynamic balance performance and to determine the role of physical activity level, body temperature, chronotype, and gender in this possible effect. Material andmethods. Forty-two young male and female subjects with different physical activity levels participated in the study. A dynamic equilibrium test, a Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT), was conducted at 9:00, 13:00, and 17:00 on three different days with at least two days of interval between tests. The test scores were calculated by dividing the reaching distances by the leg length and multiplying the quotient by 100. The physical activity level and sleep state were evaluated using questionnaires. Before each test, body temperatures were measured orally. Results. The best SEBT scores were found at 13:00 and 17:00 in the male group and in the trained group. The body temperature changes increased parallel to SEBT scores. The scores for the non-dominant leg were found to be significantly different in posterior test directions, and those for the dominant leg were different in anterior directions. Chronotype did not affect the test results. Conclusions. Circadian rhythm was found to have an effect on dynamic balance performance. Body temperature, gender, and physical activity level were also found to play a role in this effect.

scholarly journals Analysis and Classification of Stride Patterns Associated with Children Development Using Gait Signal Dynamics Parameters and Ensemble Learning Algorithms

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meihong Wu ◽  
Lifang Liao ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Xiaoquan Ye ◽  
Yuchen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ensemble Learning ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Leg Length ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Stride Interval ◽  
Children Development

Measuring stride variability and dynamics in children is useful for the quantitative study of gait maturation and neuromotor development in childhood and adolescence. In this paper, we computed the sample entropy (SampEn) and average stride interval (ASI) parameters to quantify the stride series of 50 gender-matched children participants in three age groups. We also normalized the SampEn and ASI values by leg length and body mass for each participant, respectively. Results show that the original and normalized SampEn values consistently decrease over the significance level of the Mann-WhitneyUtest (p<0.01) in children of 3–14 years old, which indicates the stride irregularity has been significantly ameliorated with the body growth. The original and normalized ASI values are also significantly changing when comparing between any two groups of young (aged 3–5 years), middle (aged 6–8 years), and elder (aged 10–14 years) children. Such results suggest that healthy children may better modulate their gait cadence rhythm with the development of their musculoskeletal and neurological systems. In addition, the AdaBoost.M2 and Bagging algorithms were used to effectively distinguish the children’s gait patterns. These ensemble learning algorithms both provided excellent gait classification results in terms of overall accuracy (≥90%), recall (≥0.8), and precision (≥0.8077).

scholarly journals Development of the Relationships Among Dynamic Balance Control, Inter-limb Coordination, and Torso Coordination During Gait in Children Aged 3–10 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Mani ◽  
Saori Miyagishima ◽  
Naoki Kozuka ◽  
Takahiro Inoue ◽  
Naoya Hasegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Phase Pattern ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Limb Coordination

Knowledge about the developmental process of dynamic balance control comprised of upper arms and upper legs coordination and trunk and pelvis twist coordination is important to advance effective balance assessment for abnormal development. However, the mechanisms of these coordination and stability control during gait in childhood are unknown.This study examined the development of dynamic postural stability, upper arm and upper leg coordination, and trunk and pelvic twist coordination during gait, and investigated the potential mechanisms integrating the central nervous system with inter-limb coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination to control extrapolated center of the body mass (XCOM). This study included 77 healthy children aged 3–10 years and 15 young adults. The child cohort was divided into four groups by age: 3–4, 5–6, 7–8, and 9–10 years. Participants walked barefoot at a self-selected walking speed along an 8 m walkway. A three-dimensional motion capture system was used for calculating the XCOM, the spatial margin of stability (MoS), and phase coupling movements of the upper arms, upper legs, trunk, and pelvic segments. MoS in the mediolateral axis was significantly higher in the young adults than in all children groups. Contralateral coordination (ipsilateral upper arm and contralateral upper leg combination) gradually changed to an in-phase pattern with increasing age until age 9 years. Significant correlations of XCOMML with contralateral coordination and with trunk and pelvic twist coordination (trunk/pelvis coordination) were found. Significant correlations between contralateral coordination and trunk/pelvis coordination were observed only in the 5–6 years and at 7–8 years groups.Dynamic postural stability during gait was not fully mature at age 10. XCOM control is associated with the development of contralateral coordination and trunk and pelvic twist coordination. The closer to in-phase pattern of contralateral upper limb coordination improved the XCOM fluctuations. Conversely, the out-of-phase pattern (about 90 degrees) of the trunk/pelvis coordination increased theXCOM fluctuation. Additionally, a different control strategy was used among children 3–8 years of age and individuals over 9 years of age, which suggests that 3–4-year-old children showed a disorderly coordination strategy between limb swing and torso movement, and in children 5–8 years of age, limb swing depended on trunk/pelvis coordination.

scholarly journals Spinal posture and pelvic position in three hundred forty-five elementary school children: a rasterstereographic pilot study

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thimm Christoph Furian ◽  
Walter Rapp ◽  
Stefanie Eckert ◽  
Michael Wild ◽  
Marcel Betsch
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Growth Phase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Spinal Posture ◽  
Trunk Inclination ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Pelvic Position

Children’s posture has been of growing concern due to observations that it seems to be impaired compared to previous generations. So far there is no reference data for spinal posture and pelvic position in healthy children available. Purpose of this pilot study was to determine rasterstereographic posture values in children during their second growth phase. Three hundred and forty-five pupils were measured with a rasterstereographic device in a neutral standing position with hanging arms. To further analyse for changes in spinal posture during growth, the children were divided into 12-month age clusters. A mean kyphotic angle of 47.1°±7.5 and a mean lordotic angle of 42.1°±9.9 were measured. Trunk imbalance in girls (5.85 mm±0.74) and boys (7.48 mm± 0.83) varied only little between the age groups, with boys showing slightly higher values than girls. The trunk inclination did not show any significant differences between the age groups in boys or girls. Girls’ inclination was 2.53°±1.96 with a tendency to decreasing angles by age, therefore slightly smaller compared to boys (2.98°±2.18). Lateral deviation (4.8 mm) and pelvic position (tilt: 2.75 mm; torsion: 1.53°; inclination: 19.8°±19.8) were comparable for all age groups and genders. This study provides the first systematic rasterstereographic analysis of spinal posture in children between 6 and 11 years. With the method of rasterstereography a reliable three-dimensional analysis of spinal posture and pelvic position is possible. Spinal posture and pelvic position does not change significantly with increasing age in this collective of children during the second growth phase.

BTrackS limits of stability test is a reliable assessment of volitional dynamic postural control

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 298-301
Author(s):  
Joshua Haworth ◽  
Daniel Goble ◽  
Molly Pile ◽  
Bradley Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Limits Of Stability ◽  
Reliable Assessment

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Static and Dynamic Balance of the Body, the Influence of Eyesight and Muscle Tension in the Cervical Spine in CAA Patients—A Pilot Study

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Anna Olczak ◽  
Aleksandra Truszczyńska-Baszak ◽  
Katarzyna Gniadek-Olejniczak
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Visual Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Amyloid Angiopathy ◽  
Static Tests ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Small Vessels

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is one form of disease of the small vessels of the brain and can cause frequent cerebral hemorrhages as well as other types of stroke. The aim of the study was to analyze the static and dynamic balance of the body and changes in the tension of selected muscles of the cervical spine in patients with CAA after stroke, depending on visual control or its absence, compared to healthy volunteers. Eight stroke patients and eight healthy subjects were examined. The functional Unterberger test and the Biodex SD platform were used to test the dynamic equilibrium, on which the static equilibrium was also assessed. Muscle tension was tested with the Luna EMG device. In static tests, the LC muscle (longus colli) was significantly more active with and without visual control (p = 0.016; p = 0.002), and in dynamic tests, significantly higher results for MOS (p = 0.046) were noted. The comparison of the groups led to the conclusion that the more functional deficits, the more difficult it is to keep balance, also with eye control.

scholarly journals Features of postural control in children with severe forms of idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
I. E. Nikityuk ◽  
S. V. Vissarionov
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
The Body ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Postural Control System ◽  
The Stability

Objective. The study of postural stability in children with severe degrees of idiopathic scoliosis and assessment of body balance disorders after surgical correction of spinal deformity. Material and methods. The study of 18 patients aged 1417 years with idiopathic scoliosis of the IIIIV degree with localization of the main arc according to Lenke I, III, V and VI was conducted. The vertical balance of the body was evaluated using a stabilometric platform MBN "Biomechanica" (LLC "MBN", Moscow) before and 910 days after the surgical correction of spinal deformity using transpedicular spinal systems. The results were compared with a stabilometric survey of 18 healthy children. Results. In patients with idiopathic scoliosis before surgery, a decrease in the stability of the vertical balance of the body, manifested by pronounced deviations from the nominal values of the stabilometric parameters, was revealed. The correlation analysis showed a pathologically strong relationship between the length L, the area S and the amplitude of fluctuations of the pressure center A in patients statokinesiograms compared to the group of healthy children. In the immediate postoperative period, the postural control system disorders are aggravated in patients. Conclusions. In children with severe idiopathic scoliosis, violations of the postural control system were revealed, which led to the formation of a suboptimal motor stereotype due to dysfunction of sensorimotor integration.

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