LOCAL GOVERNMENT AND SECURITY – NATIONAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON A DECENTRALIZED UNITARY STATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (XX) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Tomasz Miłkowski
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
National Level ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Government Level

The article describes the relationship between the organisation of local government in Poland and its competences and responsibilities in the field of ensuring public safety and order to the residents of local communities - municipality, district and province. On the example of selected statutory solutions, it can be stated that at the lowest local government level, the local authority is obliged to a large extent - using or in cooperation with the Police and other institutions independent of the authority - to ensure the safety of residents. It also has basic legal instruments for this. At the provincial and national level, these responsibilities were primarily taken over by the State.

Entrepreneurship Management at the Local Government Level: The Experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-407
Author(s):  
Patricio Gigli ◽  
◽  
Donatela Orsi ◽  
Marisel Martín Aramburú ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
National Level ◽  
Development Issue ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Government Level

This paper aims at describing the experience of the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (Ciudades para Emprender or CPE) of the National Directorate of Community and Human Capital (which belongs to the SEPYME), National Ministry of Production. This paper starts from the premise that entrepreneurship takes place at the most micro level of the offer and, therefore, is a concept associated with the characteristics of the environment closest to that offer: the local territory. However, there is little history in the country of public policies relating the issue of entrepreneurship with the local management. That is why we take as a starting point the conceptualization of the chosen framework: local governments and the development issue, seen from the perspective of entrepreneurships. Moreover, an overview is given on the structural characteristics of municipalities in Argentina. In addition, some international experiences and attempts to promote entrepreneurship at a national level are analyzed. Finally, the Cities for Entrepreneurs Program (CPE) is outlined, based on a summary of the diagnoses of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of the selected cities and the tools used and their execution status at the time of publication of this paper.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Risk Management and Internal Audit Effectiveness at Local Government Level

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 389-396
Author(s):  
Mu’azu Saidu Badara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Internal Auditors ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Audit Effectiveness ◽  
Government Level

Risk management can play important role in ensuring objective achievement of organizations. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between risk management and internal audit effectiveness at local government level. The paper is a literature review paper and the paper concluded that risk management can influence the effectiveness of internal auditors at local level. The paper needs to be validated empirically.

scholarly journals Legal Security and Financial Security of Local Communities. Selected Issues

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Feret
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Financial Security ◽  
State And Local Government ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Legal Security ◽  
Financial Power

<p>The study has been devoted to showing the relationship between legal security and financial security at the local government level. To this end, firstly some consideration has been given to determining the meaning of the terms “security” and “financial security” from the point of view of the state and local government. In addition, it has been shown that financial security is inextricably linked to the financial power enjoyed by the state, specifically by the bodies acting in its name and on its behalf. The power resulting from this is the financial power of local government units, which is enjoyed by such units although to a limited extent. However, it has been found that even this scope of legal regulations limiting the possibilities of authoritative financial activities of local government bodies is of key importance from the security viewpoint of local communities.</p>

Factors Associated with Privatization of Winter Maintenance Functions at Local Government Level

1997 ◽  
Vol 1585 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Kirk R. Harrier ◽  
Dennis A. Randolph
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Road ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many ◽  
Government Level

With the increasing cost of and dissatisfaction with services provided by government agencies, a new notion has appeared that gives hope to some and instills fear in others. Many believe that privatizing government services is the answer to the ills associated with today’s government-provided services. County road commissions in the state of Michigan are one of the many government entities examining privatization. High cost and poor service are concerns that have thrust road commission operations under the privatization spotlight. Snow and ice removal from roads is one operation currently under scrutiny. To come to conclusions about privatization and the winter maintenance services that road commissions perform, one must fully understand the road commission concept and how it functions within the state of Michigan as well as the idea of privatization. The nonquantitative factors that affect privatization at the local government level are described. Two road commissions in the state of Michigan and their winter maintenance operations are examined so that judgments can be made about the value of private delivery.

scholarly journals Does system of local government subsidisation fulfil revenue equalisation function? Evidence from Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Sekuła
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
Local Government Finance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Government Level

Research background: General grants in the system of local government finance should pursue five different functions. One of them is revenue equalization. This function is achieved if the revenue gap is reduced after the application of the subsidising mechanism. In addition, to be completed, the size of the support should be inversely proportional to own revenues. Purpose of the article: The aim of the article is to analyse the fulfilment of the revenue equalization function by general grants. Therefore, beside the theoretical analysis, which presents the general grants structure and the functions assigned to them, the article discusses the results of studies showing changes in the revenue gap after the application of the grant mechanism and the correlation between per capita own revenue and the amount of funds from selected parts (equalisation, balancing-regional, reserve, compensating) of the general grant. The following tentative research hypothesis was adopted: general grants fail to fulfil the revenue equalisation function. Methods: Two research methods were applied to achieve the aim of the article and verify the research hypothesis: descriptive statistics and correlation — calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient. Findings & Value added: Based on the analyses, it was concluded that, once the corrective and equalising mechanism was applied, the range between the extreme per capita revenue values was reduced by 40–50% on average, at all local government levels, i.e. at commune (including cities with county right), county and province levels, in each year from the period analysed, i.e. 2012–2016. The correlation between the sizes of revenue before and after budget subsidising is always negative, whereas the strength of the relationship ranged between low and significant, depending on the local government level. It was found that general grants do fulfil the revenue equalisation function, which contradicts the initially formulated research hypothesis.

National Regulations and Local Rules - A Hybrid Regulatory Model of Intelligent Connected Vehicles in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Huichun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Connected Vehicles ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Rules ◽  
Regulatory Model ◽  
Government Level

This paper investigates the laws and regulations of China on the intelligent connected vehicles (ICV). After analyzing the current Chinese laws that are related to the ICVs, this paper makes a list of challenges that the current legal framework needs to face if (1) the ICV-related laws are not revised or new laws are not passed, and (2) there are no regulations or rules made to govern the legal issues of the ICVs. Then this paper starts to focus on the research into the national regulations and local government rules. In this part, literature review of the regulations of the central government and the rules of the local government is completed to investigate how this hybrid model works for the development of ICV industry in China. Detailed analysis of text of provisions is provided. The results indicate that the interaction and interconnection of the regulations at the national level and local government level form an underlying framework for the Chinese ICV industry by providing guidance, policies, and implementation rules.    

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Implementation of Performance Budgeting in Poland with Reference to the Experiences of Other Countries

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Beata Guziejewska
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Performance Budgeting ◽  
Local Government Level ◽  
Government Level

Since the last global financial crisis, public expenditures have been experiencing increasing budget constraints. Therefore, public authorities search for solutions that would foster efficient and transparent expenditures at both the national and local government levels. One of the tools at their disposal is the performance-based budget, which is not, however, cheap or easy to implement. The aim of this paper is an assessment of the implementation of performance budgeting in Poland, and a formulation of proposals de lege ferenda. The assessment discusses selected aspects and conclusions which emerge from the experiences of other countries. The main thesis, set forth in the conclusion of this article, is that in many countries, including Poland, the implementation of a performance-based budget takes place at the national level, not at the local government level, which seems to be questionable, or even incorrect.

General Particulars Regarding the Conflict of Interest

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
Aurelia Teodora Drăghici
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Changing Role

SummaryTheme conflicts of interest is one of the major reasons for concern local government, regional and central administrative and criminal legal implications aiming to uphold the integrity and decisions objectively. Also, most obviously, conflicts of interest occur at the national level where political stakes are usually highest, one of the determining factors of this segment being the changing role of the state itself, which creates opportunities for individual gain through its transformations.

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