scholarly journals The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in National Parks – diagnosis and forecast of sustainable tourism

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Niezgoda ◽  
Ewa Markiewicz
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Recreation Opportunities ◽  
The Government

Tourist attractiveness of many areas in Poland is based on exceptional natural values, especially those protected by national parks. Recreation opportunities offered by national parks proved to be important during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the conditions for tourism changed. Many tourists gave up previously planned trips abroad in favour of staying in Poland. This raises the question whether tourists visiting national parks during the pandemic rested in compliance with the principles of sustainable tourism. The article is an attempt to diagnose changes caused by the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on sustainable tourism by analysing the case of national parks in Poland. The article presents: a) a diagnosis of changes triggered at different stages of restrictions introduced by the government to prevent the spread of the pandemic; b) a forecast of how the pandemic may affect the development of tourism in terms of supply (tourist companies, hotels, catering, attractions) and demand (tourists). The summary provides recommendations for national parks, which can be helpful in achieving sustainable tourism objectives.

AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 672-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica García-Melón ◽  
Tomás Gómez-Navarro ◽  
Silvia Acuña-Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Analytic Network Process ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Network Process ◽  
The Government

Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.

Marketing National Parks for Sustainable Tourism

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Wearing ◽  
Stephen Schweinsberg ◽  
John Tower
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Sustainable Tourism

scholarly journals Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Rana Tahir Naveed ◽  
Atta Ur Rehman ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Miklas Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Depth Interviews

The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon the concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around the idea of sustainable tourism have been formulated. This study aims at exploring the role of tour operators in developing sustainable tourism in Pakistan and how the tour operators (TOs) conceive their role in this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, and virtual sources as face-to-face interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel by the government. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather data. Results suggest that the TOs although realize the importance of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of tourism on the communities but have no management systems in place to cater accordingly. There are no incentives in place by the government facilitate TOs to design and implement such systems. The TOs do not select a destination based on Global Sustainable Tourism Council criterion, but rather the selection of destination is mostly demand-based and profit-oriented. The study suggests that corporate profit motive is the sole criterion for decision making and is one of the major causes impeding sustainable tourism in Pakistan. The role of TOs in developing sustainable tourism is vague as the TOs do not have any systems in place to implement sustainable models. The study recommends that efforts need to be put in place to incentivize sustainable tourism in Pakistan and proper laws should be set forth by the authorities to comply by the TOs. The role of TOs is important and understood, however, there is a need to put proper systems in place.

scholarly journals Sustainable tourism modeling: Pricing decisions and evolutionarily stable strategies for competitive tour operators

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong He ◽  
Peng He ◽  
Feifei Xu ◽  
Chunming (Victor) Shi
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Innovation Strategy ◽  
Cost Advantage ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable Strategies ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Pricing Decisions ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
The Government ◽  
Evolutionarily Stable

In this article, we investigate two competitive tour operators (TOs) who choose between traditional tourism strategy (strategy T) and green tourism innovation strategy (strategy G). Our article attempts to address the following important issues using evolutionary game models: when would TOs facing environment-friendly tourists adopt the strategy G? How do TOs set product prices under different strategy combinations? How can the government effectively motivate TOs to pursue green tourism? Our research results show that a green tourism innovation pioneer could monopolize the market under certain conditions. Furthermore, when the environmental preference of tourists is sufficiently low, no TOs would adopt the strategy G; when it is moderate, only the TO with cost advantage (stronger TO) would adopt the strategy G; when it is sufficiently high, both TOs would select the strategy G. Our research also demonstrates that the stronger TO implements the strategy G mostly independent of the rival’s decisions, but the opposite is true for the TO with cost disadvantage (weaker TO). We further investigate potential government subsidies that can motivate TOs to carry out green tourism simultaneously. Our results suggest that to be more effective, the government first offer the green subsidy to highly competitive tourism locations and/or more innovative TOs.

scholarly journals How Company Manage Stakeholder Engagement For Sustainable Tourism Development In Indonesia?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Gayatri Atmadi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Tourism Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Sustainable Tourism Development ◽  
The Government

The background of this research is that in the past, the increasing trend of mountain climbing in Indonesia has reportedly raised environmental problems, especially regarding the tremendous volume of rubbish left behind mountain climbers.  Plastic waste threatens the Indonesia tourism industry in mountain areas. The government stated that the continuously increasing plastic waste threatens to ruin Indonesia's tourism sector. The mineral water industry is one of the government's primary focuses in its plastic waste reduction. As Indonesia's largest plastic-bottled mineral water brand, Aqua is pledging to remove more plastic from the environment than it uses by 2025. The purpose of the research is to get a descriptive analysis of how the company can manage its stakeholder engagement for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia. This research employed a qualitative narrative analysis method with a case study around Aqua’s efforts for reducing plastic waste in Indonesia and data collected from digital media. The principal results of the research show that Aqua made good collaboration between the Trashbag Community Indonesia, The Ministry of Environment and Forestry, and media journalists on the program “Sapujagad 2017" by removing 5 tons of rubbish from Indonesia's mountains. In conclusion, a successful company must do stakeholder engagement and corporate social responsibility activities for supporting sustainable tourism development in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Economic Impact of Mountain Pine Beetle on Outdoor Recreation

1975 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.L. Michalson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Mountain Pine ◽  
Recreation Areas ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Recreation Opportunities ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
Water Sports

This study estimates the economic impact of outdoor recreation as a contributor to total value of forest resources in an area which has been heavily infested by Mountain Pine Beetle. The area of study was the Island Park are in eastern Idaho's Targhee National Forest. Targhee is a popular recreation area west of Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks. Recreationists use the area for both destination and non-destination purposes. The recreation opportunities of this area include water sports, hiking and related outdoor activities. It is classed as one of Idaho's major recreation areas.

scholarly journals Alberta's Resources Negotiations and Bannf and Jasper National Parks

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gainor
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Crown Lands

The Government of Canada retained control of Crown lands and mineral and water rights in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba until 1930 when they were transferred to the three provincial governments as a result of agreements reached in 1929. In the case of Alberta, the agreement also settled the boundaries for Banff and Jasper national parks. The national parks discussions helped establish the principle that resource extraction would not take place in national parks anywhere in Canada. This paper examines the political background to the discussions over national parks and the process for setting the boundaries of these parks, with an emphasis on a report on park boundaries that addressed resource development and wildlife management in and near the parks, issues that parks administrators continue to face today.

Property rights in protected areas: obstacles to community involvement as a solution in Thailand

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Vandergeest
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Community Property ◽  
Forest Tenure ◽  
The Government

SummaryConflicts between local people and managers of protected areas (PAs) have often undermined conservation goals in Asia. Since the 1970s, conservation planners have tried to address these problems by incorporating rural development into PA planning. More recently, many conservationists have argued for increasing community involvement in PA management, and for allowing traditional resource uses inside PAs. Based on research in Thailand I make three arguments regarding obstacles to implementing the new approach.In Thailand, laws governing Wildlife Sanctuaries and National Parks enacted in the early 1960s were premised on the idea that human use and nature preservation were incompatible. Rapid expansion of these PAs in recent years has produced endemic conflict with rural people claiming resources inside PAs. To address this problem, the Thai Royal Forestry Department has cooperated with NGOs providing development assistance to rural people living in buffer zones outside of some PAs. I argue that this approach has met limited success because the main source of conflict is not poverty but claims on resources inside PAs.The second argument is that the Forestry Department has resisted changes to laws making local use inside PAs illegal because these laws are important for consolidating the Department's control over territory and in justifying increasing budgetary allocations. In addition, by redefining itself as an organization devoted to strict defence of forests, the Department has obtained the support of many urban environmentalists. The third argument is that the community forest approach taken by a recent draft Community Forest Bill is an important first step in that it implicitly recognizes community property. At the same time, this approach will also fail to address key problems because it is based on a notion of the traditional village, and does not allow for the commercial nature of rural forest use or the household-based nature of forest tenure.I suggest that the new expansion of PAs be halted, that land claimed by rural households be taken out of PAs, and that the government recognize community management rights in areas that remain classified as protected. More generally, the goals of conservation would be better achieved by replacing an approach based on the rapid expansion of PAs with one promoting conservation outside PAs.

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