scholarly journals Towards the Development of Sustainable Tourism in Pakistan: A Study of the Role of Tour Operators

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4902
Author(s):  
Zia Ullah ◽  
Rana Tahir Naveed ◽  
Atta Ur Rehman ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Miklas Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Sole Criterion ◽  
Depth Interviews

The literature on sustainable tourism is scant, particularly in the least developed countries. Very few studies touch upon the concept and no holistic theoretical or conceptual frameworks around the idea of sustainable tourism have been formulated. This study aims at exploring the role of tour operators in developing sustainable tourism in Pakistan and how the tour operators (TOs) conceive their role in this regard. TOs were reached through phone calls, emails, and virtual sources as face-to-face interviews were not possible due to COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions on travel by the government. In-depth interviews were conducted to gather data. Results suggest that the TOs although realize the importance of social, environmental, and economic dimensions of tourism on the communities but have no management systems in place to cater accordingly. There are no incentives in place by the government facilitate TOs to design and implement such systems. The TOs do not select a destination based on Global Sustainable Tourism Council criterion, but rather the selection of destination is mostly demand-based and profit-oriented. The study suggests that corporate profit motive is the sole criterion for decision making and is one of the major causes impeding sustainable tourism in Pakistan. The role of TOs in developing sustainable tourism is vague as the TOs do not have any systems in place to implement sustainable models. The study recommends that efforts need to be put in place to incentivize sustainable tourism in Pakistan and proper laws should be set forth by the authorities to comply by the TOs. The role of TOs is important and understood, however, there is a need to put proper systems in place.

scholarly journals THE URGENCY OF RELIGIOUS FORUM AS THE BASIS OF EDUCATION FOR CORRUPTION PREVENTION AMONG GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS (A MULTI-SITE STUDY IN MALANG RAYA GOVERNMENT MOSQUES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Ahmad Barizi ◽  
Siti Rohmah ◽  
Moh. Anas Kholish
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Shock Therapy ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
City Hall ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corruption Prevention ◽  
Depth Interviews

This article aims to determine the construction of the thoughts of preachers and preachers about the urgency of preventing corruption through religious forums at the Greater Malang Government mosque. In addition, this study also aims to identify and analyze the role of spiritual forums in the Greater Malang Government mosque in preventing corruption. The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach by making in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation as data collection techniques. The results of this study indicate that the construction of preachers and preachers about the urgency of religious forums as a basis for preventing and fighting corruption in Malang Raya has strong potential as well as cultural capital to inject the awareness of the mustami', most of whom are officials. There are construction variants among the preachers and preachers at the Government Mosque of Malang Raya. The constructions in question include theological buildings, Sufism, jinayah fiqh, eschatological constructions, and qawaidul fiqhiyah. Meanwhile, the role of preventing and fighting corruption at the Baiturrohim Mosque in Malang City Hall through religious forums has been carried out. However, studies on the theme of corruption are not explicitly discussed but are tucked away in various themes of sermons and lectures. Likewise, what happened at the Baiturrahman Grand Mosque, Malang Regency, and An Nuur Mosque, Batu City, several momentums of religious forums that were used as the basis for preventing and fighting corruption were expressed in religious activities such as cults, weekly and monthly recitations, Friday sermons, and commemorations. Islamic holidays. Through religious forums, preachers play a significant role as spiritual generators to bring about social change. This effort is carried out as shock therapy for officials so that they can behave honestly and trustworthy.

scholarly journals Parents’ Perception Having Children with Intellectual Disability Providing Sex Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Karina Ariadni ◽  
Yayi Suryo Prabandari ◽  
Sumarni DW
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Role Of Parents ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Children With Intellectual Disability

Introduction: Children with intellectual disability have the same sexual needs as the average children. Parents are their children’s primary sex educators, but many parents are afraid of talking to their children about sex. The purpose of this study to explore the perception of parents in providing sex education to children with intellectual disability. Methods: A qualitative study using phenomenological approach. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews (face-to-face) with ten parents having children with mild or moderate intellectual disability, aged nine-eighteen years registered at SLB Negeri 1 Yogyakarta. Colaizzi method was used to identify core themes and patterns. Results: Four themes were found: the importance of sex education for children with intellectual disability, the mother has the most important role in providing sex education, the distinction of sex education for children with intellectual disability, religion is important in sex education. Conclusions: Perception of parents in providing sex education to children with intellectual disability is different from parents with normal children. Parents should be earlier deliver sex education to protect them from sex abuse and the method of giving sex education with practice. The role of parents, especially mother is very important to provide sex education than father.

scholarly journals Rapid Public-Private Partnership Deployment in Kazakhstan: Enablers and Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-221
Author(s):  
Nikolai Mouraviev
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Energy Company ◽  
The Government ◽  
Simplified Procedures ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are a relatively new phenomenon in Kazakh-stan – their development began in 2005 in the transport and energy sectors. Initially sluggish growth transformed into rapid PPP deployment from 2016 to 2019 when hundreds of PPPs were launched in many industries (infrastructure, hospitals, schools), which was in sharp contrast to just a handful of PPPs formed prior to 2016. Rapid PPP deployment raised deep concerns whether the government’s supporting schemes and PPP launch procedures are appropriate and whether they may backfire for the government in the form of increasing debt. This paper aims to investigate the enablers and implications of accelerated PPP formation. The study is based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with a range of actors in the field, including PPP operators (railroad, energy company, kindergarten), regional and local governments, national and regional PPP centres, lawyers and private investors, which afforded an opportunity to mitigate bias in opinions. The study has identified three principal enablers: simplified procedures for a PPP launch, pressure exerted on regional governments, and extensive government financial support to PPPs. By making use of agency theory, property rights theory and the value-for-money concept, the paper offers a conceptualisation of rapid PPP growth in Kazakhstan in recent years and argues that growth was disproportionally fast and unintended. Policy implications include a need to re-establish the value-for-money approach to PPP formation, a significant increase in government liabilities to PPPs, and a misconception regarding the role of PPP collaborative governance.

Countries Progress in Solar PV in Support of NDC Implementation and Contribution to Achieving SDG7

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Dereje Azemraw Senshaw ◽  
Alexander Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Solar Photovoltaics ◽  
Taking Action

This case study examines the progress being made by 12 least developed countries (LDCs) in their effort to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7) – access to clean and sustainable energy for all. Focusing on solar photovoltaics (PV), the authors look at what can be done to further the spread of renewable energy, and the role various actors have to playing in helping these countries to meet SDG7. Furthermore, with countries on the cusp of submitting their revised contributions under the Paris Agreement, they look at the role solar PV can play in helping LDCs to participate in taking action against climate change. After outlining the current policy landscape, and efforts being made within these countries, they look at the obstacles, opportunities, and the role of solar PV going forward. They also look at the steps that policymakers, both national and international, can take to encourage the rapid uptake of renewable energy in developing nations.

The Least Developed Countries and Climate Change Law

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Kameri-Mbote
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Challenges ◽  
Historical Role ◽  
International Climate ◽  
Five Phases

This chapter describes the roles of the forty-nine least developed countries (LDCs) in the international climate change regime and climate change law. It investigates the following questions: How has the historical role of the LDCs evolved in relation to the climate change regime? What are the key legal challenges facing these countries? In order to address these questions, this chapter examines the role of the LDCs through five phases of the climate negotiations thus far: Pre-1990 (Phase 1), 1990—1996 (Phase 2), 1997—2001 (Phase 3), 2001—2007 (Phase 4), and 2008—2013 (Phase 5). Together, they have contributed the least to the climate change problem, but experienced the highest climate change impacts, because of their higher levels of vulnerability and lower adaptive capacity. The chapter also discusses how the LDCs are caught in the cross-fire between the emerging economies, Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), and developed countries.

Interaction and reputation in Airbnb: an exploratory analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 370-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisamar Baute-Díaz ◽  
Desiderio Gutiérrez-Taño ◽  
Ricardo Díaz-Armas
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Online Ratings ◽  
Negative Comments ◽  
Depth Interviews

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the role of social interaction and reputation when reviewing experiences on the Airbnb platform. Recent studies have suggested that social interaction and aspects related to reputation may encourage positive bias in the case of online ratings and comments.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative research method was used. In total, 20 semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with non-professional Airbnb hosts and guests resident on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands).FindingsFace-to-face interaction between the host and guest could lead to the moderation or omission of negative comments by guests. Reputation is a relevant factor that affects the behaviour of the users on the platform. Users are expected to behave in accordance with certain conventions learned when using the platform.Research limitations/implicationsThe exploratory analysis must be complemented by other quantitative research. The hosts interviewed are not professional hosts.Practical implicationsIt is recommendable for hosts offering average accommodation to pay special attention to welcoming and assisting their guests, with the aim of boosting their reputation on the platform.Originality/valueThis is the first qualitative study to deal with the effect of social interaction and reputation from the point of view of hosts and guests when reviewing experiences on the Airbnb platform.

Built Heritage Conservation and the Voluntary Sector: The Case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home in Hong Kong

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yun Ma
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Heritage Conservation ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Government ◽  
Built Heritage Conservation

AbstractBuilt heritage conservation is not easily achievable through the market, as it involves use of urban space and thus opportunity cost. The problem is more serious if there is no government support. This is the case in Hong Kong, where both the market and the state are not favorable to built heritage conservation. However, in 2005, through a local voluntary organization, a built heritage of Hong Kong—the Tung Wah Coffin Home—was conserved, and the project won one local and one regional conservation award. While conservation of built heritage by the voluntary sector has been common among developed countries, it is new in Hong Kong. This article first situates the issue in a general political-economy perspective and then analyzes the case of the Tung Wah Coffin Home, in particular, in the context of Hong Kong. The purpose is to examine what this case tells us about the role of the voluntary sector and its relationship with the government in providing built heritage conservation.

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