scholarly journals Rehabilitation cost share and cost analysis of traumatic hand injuries: Our single-center results

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Merih Özgen ◽  
Ayşe Merve Aydoğan ◽  
Ali Uygur ◽  
Onur Armağan ◽  
Funda Berkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Injury Severity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Hand Injury ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Wrist Injuries ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the cost expenses and rehabilitation share of hand and/or wrist injuries and to contribute to the development of health and economic policies. Patients and methods: A total of 59 patients (55 males, 4 females; mean age: 39.1±11.3 years; range, 20 to 64 years) who presented with hand and/or wrist injuries between January 2015 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data, hand injury information, and the Modified Hand Injury Severity Scores (MHISS) were retrieved from the patient file system. The cost analysis with direct and indirect costs was performed. Results: According to the MHISS, 27.1% of patients had a minor injury, 23.7% had a moderate injury, 18.6% had a severe injury, and 30.5% had a major injury. The mean direct cost of the patients was $726.00±641.87 and the total cost of the indirect cost was $2,776.93±1,619.00. The mean day-off time was 125±68.62 days. Indirect costs accounted for 79% of the total cost. The mean cost of rehabilitation was $150.18±86.88. Rehabilitation costs accounted for 4% of the total cost. There was a positive correlation between the MHISS and direct, indirect and total cost, but not between the MHISS and rehabilitation cost. Conclusion: The proportion of the share allocated to rehabilitation expenditures, which is the subunit of direct cost, is low and not related to the injury severity. The data obtained from the study contributed to the creation of evidence-based health and economic policies. We believe that these data also contribute to the planning of rehabilitation services according to the severity of injury which would improve the quality of life and return to work.

Cost analysis and related factors in patients with traumatic hand injury

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Şahin ◽  
H. Akca ◽  
N. Akkaya ◽  
Ö. D. Zincir ◽  
A. Işık
Keyword(s):  
Injury Severity ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Hand Injury ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Traumatic Hand Injury

The aim of this study was to measure the direct and indirect costs and factors influencing these costs in patients presenting following traumatic hand injury. We assessed patients aged 18–65 years who were in work. Hand injury severity and functional status were assessed. Direct costs, including medical care expenses, and indirect costs, including lost productivity, were calculated. Seventy-nine patients of a mean age of 32 years were included. The mean direct cost for each patient was $1772 (47% of total cost), and the indirect cost was $1891 (53% of total cost). Injury severity, time to return to work, and hospitalization time were the main parameters of increased total cost in a linear regression analysis.

Economic burden of gastric cancer in the first six months after diagnosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-446
Author(s):  
Habib Jalilian ◽  
Leila Doshmangir ◽  
Soheila Ajami ◽  
Habibeh Mir ◽  
Yibeltal Siraneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Illness Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Purpose Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the leading cause of death after lung cancer in the world. Considering the economic burden of cancers and their impact on household welfare, this study aims to estimate the cost of gastric cancer in Tabriz (Northwest city of Iran) in 2017. Design/methodology/approach This was an incidence-based cost of illness study which was conducted from the perspective of society with a bottom-up costing approach. The inclusion criteria for the study were all patients (n = 118) with gastric cancer at the period of the first six months after diagnosis that 102 patients participated. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Findings The mean medical direct cost was US$3288.02, 18.19 per cent paid by the patient and 81.81 per cent paid by insurance organizations and governmental subsidies. The estimated out of pocket rate was 18.19 per cent. The mean non-medical direct cost estimated at US$377.54. The mean total direct cost was US$3665.56, 26.61 per cent paid by the patient. The mean indirect cost estimated at US$505.41 and the mean total cost was US$4170.97, 35.5 per cent which imposed on the patient. The mean total cost of gastric cancer within the first six months after diagnosis was equivalent to 0.81 GDP per capita. Originality/value Based on the findings, gastric cancer is a highly costly disease that despite insurance coverage imposes a high economic burden on the patients and their families.

Financial cost of treating out-patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria

1997 ◽  
Vol 171 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toyin G. Suleiman ◽  
Jude U. Ohaeri ◽  
Rahman A. Lawal ◽  
Adam Y. Haruna ◽  
O. B. Orija
Keyword(s):  
Antipsychotic Drugs ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Financial Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Government Hospitals ◽  
Insulin Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundAn assessment of the monetary costs of treating a group of Nigerian out-patients with schizophrenia, in comparison with insulin-dependent diabetics, was made.MethodFifty out-patients with schizophrenia (mean age 42.9) and 40 with diabetes (mean age 41.9), attending government hospitals in Lagos, were assessed at six-monthly intervals, for direct and indirect costs (US$=82 naira; minimum monthly wage=500 naira)ResultsTwenty (40%) of those with schizophrenia and eight (20%) of the diabetics had no income at all. The mean total cost of schizophrenia in six months (2951.4 naira) or US$ 35.9) was significantly less than that of diabetes (11 791 naira or US$ 143). The cost of antipsychotic drugs accounts for 52.8% of the cost of schizophrenia; insulin injections accounted for 92.8% of the total cost of diabetes. Patients with schizophrenia and their relatives suffered significantly more loss of working days. Cost of illness was not significantly correlated with age and duration of illness.ConclusionsBecause of drastic currency devaluation, and lack of disability benefits and nursing homes, the findings contrast with Western reports where cost of drugs constitutes 2–5%, and indirect costs constitute over 50% of the total cost of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Cost of hypertension illness and associated factors among patients attending hospitals in Southwest Shewa Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Bogale ◽  
Teferi Daba ◽  
Dawit Wolde Daka
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Regional State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundHypertension is a common vascular disease and the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The impact of hypertension is on the rise in Ethiopia, so that, it is predictable that the cost of healthcare services will further increase in the future. We aimed to estimate the total cost of hypertension illness among patients attending hospitals in Southwest Shewa zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia.Patients and methodsInstitution based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 1-30, 2018. All hypertensive patients who were on treatment and whose age was greater than eighteen years old were eligible for this study. The total cost of hypertension illness was estimated by summing up the direct and indirect costs. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with hypertension costs of illness.ResultsOverall, the mean monthly total cost of hypertension illness was US $ 22.3 (95% CI, 21.3-23.3). Direct and indirect costs share 51% and 49% of the total cost, respectively. The mean total direct cost of hypertension illness per patient per month was US $11.39(95% CI, 10.6-12.1). Out of these, drugs accounted of a higher cost (31%) followed by food (25%). The mean total indirect cost per patient per month was US $10.89(95% CI, 10.4-11.4). Educational status, distance from hospital, the presence of companion and the stage of hypertension were predictors of the cost of illness of hypertension.ConclusionThe cost of hypertension illness was very high when compared with the mean monthly income of the patients letting patients to catastrophic costs. Therefore, due attention should be given by the government to protect patients from financial hardships.

A microcosting analysis of ICU expenditure in the interval between brain death and organ donation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Meghan K Bowtell ◽  
◽  
Melissa J Ankravs ◽  
Timothy Fazio ◽  
Jeffrey J Presneill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Death ◽  
Organ Donation ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Organ Donors ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Median Proportion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Death Care

OBJECTIVE: The cost of providing care in an intensive care unit (ICU) after brain death to facilitate organ donation is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate expenditure for the care delivered in the ICU between the diagnosis of brain death and subsequent organ donation. DESIGN: Cohort study of direct and indirect costs using bottom-up and top-down microcosting techniques. SETTING: Single adult ICU in Australia. PARTICIPANTS: All patients who met criteria for brain death and proceeded to organ donation during a 13-month period between 1 January 2018 and 31 January 2019. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A comprehensive cost estimate for care provided in the ICU from determination of brain death to transfer to theatre for organ donation. RESULTS: Forty-five patients with brain death became organ donors during the study period. The mean duration of post-death care in the ICU was 37.9 hours (standard deviation [SD], 16.5) at a mean total cost of $7520 (SD, $3136) per donor. ICU staff salaries were the greatest contributor to total costs, accounting for a median proportion of 0.72 of total expenditure (interquartile range, 0.68–0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Substantial costs are incurred in ICU for the provision of patient care in the interval between brain death and organ donation.

scholarly journals Potato Late Blight in the Columbia Basin: An Economic Analysis of the 1995 Epidemic

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Johnson ◽  
T. F. Cummings ◽  
P. B. Hamm ◽  
R. C. Rowe ◽  
J. S. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Copper Hydroxide ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Late Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Mean Cost ◽  
First Time

The cost of managing late blight in potatoes during a severe epidemic caused by new, aggressive strains of Phytophthora infestans in the Columbia Basin of Washington and Oregon in 1995 was documented. The mean number of fungicide applications per field varied from 5.1 to 6.3 for early- and midseason potatoes, and from 8.2 to 12.3 for late-season potatoes in the northern and southern Columbia Basin, respectively. In 1994, a year when late blight was not severe, the mean number of fungicide applications per field made to early- and midseason potatoes was 2.0; whereas late-season potatoes received a mean of 2.5 applications. The mean per acre cost of individual fungicides applied varied from $4.90 for copper hydroxide to $36.00 for propamocarb + chlorothalonil. Total per acre expenses (application costs plus fungicide material) for protecting the crop from late blight during 1995 ranged from $106.77 to $110.08 for early and midseason potatoes in different regions of the Columbia Basin and from $149.30 to $226.75 for lateseason potatoes in the northern and southern Columbia Basin, respectively. Approximately 28% of the crop was chemically desiccated before harvest as a disease management practice for the first time in 1995, resulting in an additional mean cost of $34.48/acre or $1.3 million for the region. Harvested yields were 4 to 6% less than in 1994. The total cost of managing late blight in the Columbia Basin in 1995 is estimated to have approached $30 million.

Animal production studies in Jamaica. IV. The costs of developing and maintaining pangola grass pastures

1964 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Nestel
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Direct And Indirect Costs ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Total Range ◽  
The Cost

The cost of developing and maintaining pangola grass pastures has been examined under a range of conditions. The direct cost of improving pastures to the stage where they were established as 5–10 acre, fenced, watered units of pangola grass was about £30 per acre. Under favourable conditions this cost could be reduced to £20, but with difficult land or poor techniques the cost could rise to £40 or more per acre. In addition to the direct cost of establishment there was an indirect cost due to land being out of use or stock numbers having to be reduced. This indirect cost appeared to be highest on lands where planting costs were least. It was suggested that there might be an inverse relationship between direct and indirect costs which tended to narrow the total range of establishment costs.

scholarly journals Direct Cost of Reprocessing Cotton-woven Surgical Drapes: a Case Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Fexina Tomé ◽  
Antônio Fernandes Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Average Total Cost ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cost Of Materials ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE Identify the direct cost of reprocessing double and single cotton-woven drapes of the surgical LAP package. METHOD A quantitative, exploratory and descriptive case study, performed at a teaching hospital. The direct cost of reprocessing cotton-woven surgical drapes was calculated by multiplying the time spent by professionals involved in reprocessing the unit with the direct cost of labor, adding to the cost of materials. The Brazilian currency (R$) originally used for the calculations was converted to US currency at the rate of US$0.42/R$. RESULTS The average total cost for surgical LAP package was US$9.72, with the predominance being in the cost of materials (US$8.70 or 89.65%). It is noteworthy that the average total cost of materials was mostly impacted by the cost of the cotton-woven drapes (US$7.99 or 91.90%). CONCLUSION The knowledge gained will subsidize discussions about replacing reusable cotton-woven surgical drapes for disposable ones, favoring arguments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of this possibility considering human resources, materials, as well as structural, environmental and financial resources.

scholarly journals Measuring the Total Cost of Ankle Fractures: A Prospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0006
Author(s):  
Peter C. Noback ◽  
Tess Dougherty ◽  
Christina Freibott ◽  
Eric F. Swart ◽  
Melvin P. Rosenwasser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return To Work ◽  
Indirect Cost ◽  
Direct Cost ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
True Value

Category: Trauma; Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fractures (AFx) are the most common foot and ankle fracture seen at hospitals in the United States, and are undoubtedly costly to patients. Quantification of the costs of fractures and their associated treatments has garnered increased attention in orthopedics in recent years through cost-effectiveness analysis. However, literature pertaining to AFx’s almost never reports on the indirect costs of AFx’s, and thus fails to accurately assess the true value of treatments. The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess the direct and indirect costs of AFx’s in operatively and nonoperatively treated patients. Secondary analysis included evaluation of the composition of indirect cost, the duration these costs are endured, and the factors that influence their magnitude. Methods: A prospective observational single-center study was performed. Adult patients presenting for initial consult for an AFx that could speak English or Spanish were enrolled. Polytrauma patients and those unable to provide complete indirect cost data were excluded. Patients completed a cost form that asked the money they had spent in the last week on transportation, household chores, and self-care due to their AFx. Patients were considered to have complete indirect cost data if they returned for follow-up visits until they reported no recurring indirect costs and had returned to work. Direct cost data was obtained directly from the hospital billing department. Amount collected was utilized. Direct costs included any costs incurred from staff treating the patient, supplies required for treatment, and the use of healthcare facilities. A descriptive analysis of the entire cohort and stratification by operative status was performed for the primary comparative analysis. Results: 60 patients were ultimately analyzed. Average age was 46.5 years. 55% were female. 10% of patients were diabetic. 17% smoked cigarettes actively. Weber A, B, and C fractures composed 12%, 72%, and 18% of fractures, respectively. Operatively treated patients (n=37) had a significantly higher total and direct cost than non-operative patients (P<0.01). Average salary of the 39 employed patients was $61,416 and return to work period was 11.2 weeks. In all patients, lost income accounted for the largest portion of total and indirect cost, averaging 38% of total cost. Longer periods of return to work were significantly associated with undergoing surgery and having less than a college-level education (P<0.05). Average number of weeks for indirect costs to amount to zero was 19.1. Conclusion: In patients treated operatively and nonoperatively, the largest cost component was an indirect cost: missed wages at 28.6% and 63.3%, respectively. While the majority of the direct costs of AFx’s are accrued in the period immediately following the injury, indirect cost components will regularly be incurred for nearly 5 months and often longer. The degree and duration to which these indirect costs accumulate are novel findings. Future research should no longer neglect reporting on an intervention’s impact on the indirect costs of AFx’s. [Table: see text]

Acceptability and Validity of Use of a Patient-Reported Cost Diary To Capture Health Resource Utilization and Costs Associated with Deep Venous Thrombosis and Post-Thrombotic Syndrome.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 5173-5173
Author(s):  
Wissam El-Hadi ◽  
Thierry Ducruet ◽  
Mira Johri ◽  
Susan R. Kahn
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Health Resource ◽  
Health Resource Utilization ◽  
Cost Diary ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the acceptability and validity of a patient-reported cost diary to estimate health resource utilization (HRU) and costs associated with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS). METHODS: We developed a cost diary for use in the Venous Thrombosis Outcomes (VETO) Study, a prospective multicenter cohort study of long-term outcomes after DVT. The VETO cost diary is a 28-item patient-reported questionnaire used to capture information pertaining to HRU and direct and indirect costs attributable to DVT and PTS. Data for HRU and direct costs included hospitalizations, physician visits, purchase of prescription and over-the-counter medications, use of transportation and other medical services and purchase or rental of equipment. Data pertaining to indirect costs included time lost from work by patients or their caregivers. Patients were asked to complete the cost diary monthly for 1 year, then for 3 randomly chosen months for the 2nd year. Acceptability of the cost diary was assessed by estimating the percent of time coverage per patient over the study follow-up period. Internal consistency was assessed by comparing data reported by patients in the cost diary to similar data collected in nurse-administered study questionnaires. External validity was assessed by comparing HRU data reported in the cost diaries to patient-specific data obtained from the administrative database of the Province of Quebec Health Insurance Board (RAMQ) for the same time period. RESULTS: 387 patients with objectively diagnosed DVT participated in the VETO Study, of whom 359 from 7 hospitals in Quebec, Canada contributed to this analysis (∼ 40% developed PTS). Analyses showed that acceptability of the cost diary was high, with more than 82% of patients reporting data for > 90% of the study follow-up period. Internal consistency analyses revealed discrepancies in reporting of hospitalizations in cost diaries compared to nurse-administered questionnaires (144 vs. 97 hospitalizations, respectively, reported in the first year of the study). Analyses of external validity showed that for the first 4-month study period, the mean number of DVT-related prescriptions reported in the cost diary was comparable to that reported in the RAMQ database (2.48 vs. 3.84, respectively), as was the mean number of DVT-related medical visits (6.39 vs. 7.18, respectively). CONCLUSION: Overall, the VETO cost diary appears to be an acceptable and valid patient-reported instrument that can be used to estimate HRU, direct and indirect costs attributable to DVT and PTS. Further analyses are needed to identify the factors affecting the internal consistency of the cost diary.

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