scholarly journals The Effect of Acids on Alkaloid Yield in Pressurized Water Extraction of Narcissus Pseudonarcissus

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 210608
Author(s):  
Orchidea Rachmaniah ◽  
Jaap Van Spronsen ◽  
Robert Verpoorte ◽  
Geert Jan Witkamp
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Narcissus Pseudonarcissus ◽  
Pressurized Water Extraction

Pressurized water (PW) extraction of galanthamine from Narcissus pseudonarcissus bulbs was performed. The obtained yield was compared with the yield from conventional acidified water extraction and methanolic Soxhlet extraction. Both PW and conventional acidified water extraction were followed by a subsequent purification step for the alkaloids. The PW extraction (70 °C, 150 bar, 45 min) yielded as much galanthamine as methanolic-Soxhlet extraction (ca. 3.50 mg/g). Meanwhile, acid-base extraction with 1% of HBr (v/v) at 65 °C for 3 h gave a lower yield (ca. 2.65 mg/g). A higher PW temperature did not significantly increase the galanthamine yield. Pressure increase is not necessary since more water-soluble compounds such as proteins and polysaccharides are co-extracted, resulting in high viscosity of the water extract solution, which hampers the filtration process. Hence, the acidity of the solution is highly important both in the case of PW extraction and acidified water extraction. Besides galanthamine, the total alkaloid profile following Narcissus alkaloids was also obtained. Lycoramine, O-methyloduline, norgalanthamine, epi-norgalanthamine, narwedine, oduline, haemanthamine, O-methyllycorenine, and a haemanthamine derivate were identified. Although a high yield was obtained from PW extraction, the further purification needs to be improved to obtain an economically feasible industrial extraction process.

scholarly journals Pressurized water extraction of β-glucan enriched fractions with bile acids-binding capacities obtained from edible mushrooms

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marimuthu Palanisamy ◽  
Laila Aldars-García ◽  
Alicia Gil-Ramírez ◽  
Alejandro Ruiz-Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco R. Marín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Edible Mushrooms ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Pressurized Water Extraction

Pressurized Water Extraction as a Tool for Rapid and Efficient Isolation of Proteins from Almonds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Burdějová ◽  
Filip Duša ◽  
Dana Strouhalová ◽  
Dana Moravcová ◽  
Pavel Karásek
Keyword(s):  
Water Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Pressurized Water Extraction

THE FORMATION OF LIGNIN IN WHEAT PLANTS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 734-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Stone ◽  
M. J. Blundell ◽  
K. G. Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Main Body ◽  
A Value ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

Wheat plants were harvested approximately every two weeks after emergence from the soil. Determination of the lignin content by the 72% sulphuric acid method showed a rapid increase between the period 45–70 days from seeding, and there was a corresponding increase in the yield of vanillin and syringaldehyde, obtained by alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation. The p-hydroxybenzaldehyde yield remained low at all times and seemed to be derived from a different system. It is suggested that the source of this aldehyde is not the lignin, but the tyrosine associated with the protein. The ratios of vanillin to syringaldehyde did not remain constant from plants of different ages, the percentage of syringaldehyde being lower than vanillin in the young plants and higher in those which were more mature. This is qualitatively in agreement with an increase in the methoxyl content of the lignin.When the yield of aldehydes from mature plants is taken as the criterion for the amount of lignin present, the youngest plants have a lignin content of about 0.13%, a value much lower than other bases for calculation would indicate.Oxidation of the whole plant and of the plant which had been extracted with alcohol–benzene, water, and 1% hydrochloric acid, gave similar percentages of aldehydes, owing partly to the removal of aldehyde-producing substances and partly to the degradation of the lignin during the extraction process. Oxidation of the extracts gave no trace of aldehyde in the hydrochloric acid extract, a trace in the water extract, and appreciable percentages in the alcohol–benzene extract. This latter extract consisted of two portions, a red water soluble, alcohol–benzene insoluble fraction and the main alcohol–benzene soluble fraction. The former gave rise to vanillin and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde on oxidation, the amount being a maximum at the first harvest and decreasing to zero after lignification had occurred. The latter, that is, the alcohol–benzene soluble extract, gave rise to syringaldehyde as well as the others, the amounts being low at first and increasing during lignification in the same way as the main body of the plant. It is believed that the alcohol–benzene removes a soluble portion of the lignin since the relative proportions of the aldehydes are very similar to those obtained from lignin itself.

scholarly journals In vitro anti-diabetic effects and phytochemical profiling of novel varieties of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (L.) extracts

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10070
Author(s):  
W.A. Niroshani M. Wariyapperuma ◽  
Sagarika Kannangara ◽  
Yasanandana S. Wijayasinghe ◽  
Sri Subramanium ◽  
Bimali Jayawardena
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Pressurized Water Extraction

Background Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is a leading metabolic disorder in the world. Anti-diabetic actions of phytochemicals from various medicinal herbs have been explored as an alternative therapy in the management of DMT2 due to adverse effects of synthetic drugs used in allopathic medicine. α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential and phytochemical profiling were investigated in aqueous extracts of two new Cinnamomum zeylanicum accessions, namely C. zeylanicum Sri Wijaya (SW), C. zeylanicum Sri Gemunu (SG) and commercially available C. zeylanicum (CC). Methods Microwave Digestion (MD), Pressurized Water Extraction (PWE), Steam Distillation (SD), Solvent Extraction (SE), Decoction Water Extraction (DWE) and Infusion Water Extraction (IWE) methods were used to prepare Cinnamon quill extracts. Total phenolic content (TPC, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and Proanthocyanidin content (PC, vanillin assay), α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition of Cinnamon extracts were determined spectrophotometrically. The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition were reported in terms of IC50 value. The phytochemical profiling was accomplished by GC-MS technique. Results and Discussion Lowest IC50 values were observed in PWE and DWE of SW. The highest PC and TPC were also observed in PWE and DWE of SW. Pressured water and decoctions are promising methods for the extraction of antidiabetic constituents from cinnamon. Benzoic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and 4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol were identified as major compounds in SW extracts. These compounds are believed to be responsible for strong enzyme inhibitory activity of the extracts. Conclusions This is the first study to explore the use of pressured and decoctions water to extract anti-diabetic phytochemicals from cinnamon. The extensive metabolite profiling of novel SW and SG extracts and comparison of that with commercially available CC are reported for the first time in this study. The C. zeylanicum, SW accession holds some promise in the management of diabetes.

Inaccuracies in Determination of Acidity of Raw Rubber by Water Extraction

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
A. D. Cummings ◽  
H. E. Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Water Extract ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Direct Extraction ◽  
Rubber Forming ◽  
Water Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Esters ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract From the results obtained it is concluded that the boiling water hydrolyzes some of the esters in the acetone extract. In the case of direct extraction of the rubber with water, hydrolysis of esters must take place in the rubber, forming water-soluble acids; or else, although the esters are practically insoluble in the water, it extracts a little ester each time the extraction thimble empties (Bailey-Walker apparatus), carrying the ester down to be hydrolyzed in the boiling water below. Temperature and time of heating play a prominent part. The temperature must be close to the boiling point and the acidity increases progressively with time of heating. The fact that temperature is so important in producing this effect accounts for the erratic values obtained by direct water extraction. On the electric hot plates used water did not always boil steadily, and that contained in the thimble might vary considerably in temperature, much of the time not being hot enough to hydrolyze or extract any ester. Therefore, to avoid any difficulty in the determination of water-soluble acids in rubber, extract first with acetone, then digest this extract with water on a boiling water bath until no increase in acidity of the water extract is obtained. This is a part of the procedure developed at the Netherlands Government Institute by Van Rossem and Dekker.

scholarly journals Effect of pH on the flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L. seed) mucilage extraction process

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50457
Author(s):  
Mariana Souza Rocha ◽  
Luiz Célio Rocha ◽  
Marcia Barreto da Silva Feijó ◽  
Paula Luiza Limongi dos Santos Marotta ◽  
Samanta Cardozo Mourao
Keyword(s):  
Extraction Process ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Soluble Fiber ◽  
Purification Step ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Water-soluble mucilage extracted from flaxseed has excellent hydrocolloid potential in gel formation; moreover, it can become a product of high technological value in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries because it has high viscosity in aqueous solution. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of extraction medium pH on extraction yield and soluble fiber content. In addition, the purification step effect was evaluated through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Extractions were carried out at 3 different pH values (3.81, 6.75 and 9.69) for 13.25 h at 45 oC. The highest yield was recorded at pH 6.75; the highest soluble fiber content was found at pH 3.81. It was possible seeing that the extraction of flaxseed macromolecules in basic medium (pH 9.69) presented the best quality in comparison to other extractions. The purification step based on precipitation with ethanol did not fully remove impurities from the samples.

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