scholarly journals A contrastive analysis of Russian and Norwegian utterance-initial coordinating conjunctions

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Margje Post
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Basic Additive ◽  
Core Meaning

In the study presented here, the three Russian basic additive and contrastive coordinating conjunctions i, a and no were compared to their two Norwegian counterparts og and men when used in utterance-initial position. By means of a direct comparison of sentences from Russian and Norwegian novels and their translations, both differences between the languages and language-internal boundaries between the conjunctions were made apparent. A core meaning was formulated for each of the five conjunctions. Their basic properties account not only for their use in general, but they can also explain certain specific qualities and conditions for pragmatic use in utterance-initial position.

On identifiability and definiteness in English and German

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-285
Author(s):  
Carsten Breul
Keyword(s):  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Information Structure ◽  
Initial Position ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Focus Structure ◽  
Structural Category ◽  
Guiding Questions

Despite increasingly numerous works dealing with issues of information structure from a cross-linguistic perspective, contrastive information structure analysis is not an established field of research yet. The paper aims at showing that it is worthwhile staking out and exploring such a field. Starting off from a brief reminder of what information structure is, as conceived of by Lambrecht (1994), the paper proposes guiding questions that contrastive information structure analysis should strive to answer. It then turns to the discussion of an example of contrastive analysis which involves the information structural category of identifiability. It is argued that the variable x in the English formula ‘as for x’ and the corresponding German formula was x {(an)betrifft / angeht} in sentence initial position can only be instantiated by expressions that have identifiable discourse referents. Results of a corpus-based comparison of expressions which instantiate x in these English and German formulas are presented. These results show contrasts between English and German in the lexicogrammatical expression of identifiable referents that go beyond the better-known differences in the use of the definite article. A methodological point to be made is that Lambrechtian categories of information structure (identifiability and activation of discourse referents, focus structure) may serve as tertia comparationis for the analysis of contrasts on the lexicogrammatical level.

scholarly journals Reformulation Markers in Non-initial Position in Written English and Spanish

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 35-48
Author(s):  
Silvia Murillo Ornat
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Contrastive Analysis

This article presents a contrastive analysis of non-initial positions (less common and, therefore, marked) of explanatory reformulation markers in written language in English and Spanish, in relation to their discursive uses. To carry out this analysis, the cases of these markers found in a comparable English-Spanish corpus (Cobuild and CREA) are analyzed. Four positions are established, initial, intermediate, final and independent (Pons 2014), and the results of the non-initial positions are related to the different discursive uses of these markers (Murillo 2012, 2016a, 2016b), taking into account their reformulative and modal uses. The results reveal that the markers in English —particularly that is, but also in other words— display more mobility than those in Spanish —the only one having some mobility is o sea. In addition, regarding their discursive uses, the analysis of the corpus reveals that the markers follow different trends in the two languages.

A contrastive analysis of the present progressive in French and English

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 846-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid De Wit ◽  
Adeline Patard ◽  
Frank Brisard
Keyword(s):  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
French And English ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
Present Tense ◽  
Core Meaning ◽  
Present Progressive

In this study, we address the semantics of the present progressive constructions in French and English by looking into their present-day uses and their diachronic evolution. Corpus data show that both constructions are frequently used in contemporary English and French to stress the atypical nature of situations. This suggests that these constructions share an epistemic core meaning, which we define as “contingency in immediate reality”. However, in terms of concrete usage types which elaborate this meaning in context, the two progressive constructions differ significantly: the French progressive occurs in fewer types of context than its English counterpart and it is, overall, less frequently used and not obligatory for referring to present-time events, as is usually the case in English. We argue that these differences can be systematically related to the different diachronic evolutions that have shaped the present-tense paradigms in both languages.

On the Essence and Tipology of International Public Goods

2005 ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
V. Mortikov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Public Goods ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Global Public Goods ◽  
Club Goods ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
International Public Goods ◽  
Regional Public Goods ◽  
Joint Products

The basic properties of international public goods are analyzed in the paper. Special attention is paid to the typology of international public goods: pure and impure, excludable and nonexcludable, club goods, regional public goods, joint products. The author argues that social construction of international public good depends on many factors, for example, government economic policy. Aggregation technologies in the supply of global public goods are examined.

The advancement of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) devices and their basic properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
T.E. Rudenko ◽  
◽  
A.N. Nazarov ◽  
V.S. Lysenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Soi Devices

Basic Properties of an Ultrasonic Probe with a Through Hole for Puncture and Detection Principle of a Puncture Needle

2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (11) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuusuke Tanaka ◽  
Katsuhiko Tanaka ◽  
Susumu Sugiyama ◽  
Hisanori Shiomi ◽  
Yoshimasa Kurumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasonic Probe ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Puncture Needle ◽  
Through Hole ◽  
Detection Principle

Means Of Reproduction Of Communicative Semantics In Synchronous Translation Of English-Language And Chinese-Language Economic And Political Texts In Ukrainian

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Maryna Baklanova ◽  
Oleksandra Popova
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
English Language ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Simultaneous Translation

This article is devoted to the problem dealing with the reproduction of communicative semantics while translating English, Chinese economic and political texts into Ukrainian. The content and structure of simultaneous translation were analysed. A contrastive analysis of the linguistic features of the English, Chinese and Ukrainian communicative semantics was made. Some tactics enabling the reproduction of the texts under research into the Ukrainian language within simultaneous translation were specified. Key words: simultaneous translation, transformations, the Chinese language, the English language, the Ukrainian language, speech tempo, time frame.

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