The Fisk Concert Spiritual

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Jean Graham
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
American Missionary Association ◽  
Fisk Jubilee Singers

This chapter explores the process of musically and culturally translating oral folk spirituals into notated arranged spirituals performed on the concert stage. The American Missionary Association hired people’s song composer and church musician Theodore F. Seward to transcribe the Fisk Jubilee Singers’ spirituals as arranged for them by their director, George L. White. Using Seward’s transcriptions as well as those by Jubilee Singers Ella Sheppard and Thomas Rutling, plus reviews and primary sources, as well as early recordings, this chapter recreates as far as possible the performance practice of the concert spirituals sung by the Fisk Jubilee Singers on their tours. The reception of the Fisk Jubilee Singers is surveyed through numerous reviews and is interpreted to show how a codified discourse about spirituals was created in the last quarter of the nineteenth century, which stressed, for example, primitivism, wildness, nature, and the inherent musicality of the African race.

scholarly journals ‘A Most Select Gathering’. Mexican National Pilgrimages to Rome during the Papacy of Leo XIII

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Ramón Solans
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
National Identity ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Holy See

The objective of this article is to analyse Mexican national pilgrimages to Rome that took place during the pontificate of Leo XIII (1878–1903). These pilgrimages occurred in the context of a global Catholic mobilisation in support of the papacy, during the so-called Roman Question. This paper’s analysis of these pilgrimages draws from historiography about national pilgrimages, as well as studies on Catholic mobilisation in support of the pope in the second half of the nineteenth century. It is fundamentally based on primary sources of an official nature, such as reports and other printed documents produced on the occasion of the pilgrimage. The study’s primary conclusion is that national pilgrimages to Rome had a polysemic character since they brought together various religious and national identities. The pilgrimages contributed simultaneously to reinforcing the link between Catholicism and Mexican national identity and the global dimension of Catholicism and allegiance to the Holy See.

Post-Byzantine hermeneiai zographikes in the eighteenth century and their dissemination in the Balkans during the nineteenth century

2006 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Moutafov
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This article focuses on the significance of the Orthodox painters’ manuals, called hermeneiai zographikes, in the development of post-Byzantine iconography and painting technology and techniques in the Balkans during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Using a number of unpublished painters’ manuals (Greek and Slavonic) as primary sources for the study of Christian and Ottoman culture in the Balkan peninsula, it is possible to examine perceptions of Europe in the Balkans, in particular the principal routes for the transmission of ideas of the European Enlightenment, as well as the role of artists as mediators in the processes of ‘Europeanization'.

The Ta'līf akhbār al-qurūn min umarā' bilad Ilūrin: A Critique

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
H.O. Danmole
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Unpublished Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ibadan ◽  
Local Languages

Before the advent of colonialism, Arabic was widely used in northern Nigeria where Islam had penetrated before the fifteenth century. The jihād of the early nineteenth century in Hausaland led to the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate, the revitalization of Islamic learning, and scholars who kept records in Arabic. Indeed, some local languages such as Hausa and Fulfulde were reduced to writing in Arabic scripts. Consequently, knowledge of Arabic is a crucial tool for the historian working on the history of the caliphate.For Ilorin, a frontier emirate between Hausa and Yorubaland, a few Arabic materials are available as well for the reconstruction of the history of the emirate. One such document is the Ta'līf akhbār al-qurūn min umarā' bilad Ilūrin (“The History of the Emirs of Ilorin”). In 1965 Martin translated, edited, and published the Ta'līf in the Research Bulletin of the Centre for Arabic Documentation at the University of Ibadan as a “New Arabic History of Ilorin.” Since then many scholars have used the Ta'līf in their studies of Ilorin and Yoruba history. Recently Smith has affirmed that the Ta'līf has been relatively neglected. He attempts successfully to reconstruct the chronology of events in Yorubaland, using the Ta'līf along with the Ta'nis al-ahibba' fi dhikr unara' Gwandu mawa al-asfiya', an unpublished work of Dr. Junaid al-Bukhari, Wazīr of Sokoto, and works in English. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the information in the Ta'līf by comparing its evidence with that of other primary sources which deal with the history of Ilorin and Yorubaland.

The Enlightenment of the West

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Guo
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Press Freedom ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
The Press ◽  
Western Concept ◽  
Imperial China ◽  
Initial Process

This chapter examines the introduction of the Western concept of press freedom into imperial China. The initial introduction of freedom of the press was a product of the transnational interaction between China and the West in the nineteenth century. From the 1830s, Western businessmen, European Protestant missionaries, and Chinese diplomats introduced scattered ideas of press freedom into China, though these had very little influence at the time. This chapter documents this initial process of conceptual transplantation and summarizes the differing interpretations of press freedom through an in-depth textual analysis of primary sources.

Codification and the Origins of Physician-Patient Privilege

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-102
Author(s):  
MILES WILKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
The United States ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
American Law ◽  
Judicial Proceedings ◽  
Physician Patient

Abstract:This essay examines the origins of physician-patient privilege in the United States. It concentrates an 1828 New York law that protected medical confidentiality in the courtroom—the first statutory guarantee of physician-patient privilege—as well as the rapid spread of privilege statutes throughout the nineteenth century. Using the published notes of the authors of New York’s influential statute alongside other primary sources, I argue that these early statutes are best explained as the result of nineteenth-century efforts to codify American law. The medical profession took little note of physician-patient privilege until much later, indicating that privilege emerged not as a protection of doctors’ professional status, nor as a means of protecting patients in the courtroom, but rather as an inadvertent offshoot of attempts to streamline and simply judicial proceedings. It is perhaps because of these unsystematic origins that physician-patient privilege still remains such an unevenly applied rule in American courtrooms.

An Eighteenth-Century Case of Plagiarism: William Smith's A New Voyage to Guinea

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.M. Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The Political ◽  
African History ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Complete Report

In the first number of History in Africa P.E.H. Hair reiterated A.W. Lawrence's plea for a “critical appraisal” and analysis of primary sources for African history. The aim of this brief note is to appraise the originality of certain of these works. The focus will be the Gold Coast, with emphasis on the book by William Smith, A New Voyage to Guinea, first published in 1744 and reprinted (without an introduction or editorial comment) by Frank Cass in 1967.The literature about the Gold Coast during the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries is rich in accounts by visitors, residents, and compilers. Dapper, Barbot, Bosman, Atkins, and Smith all provided descriptions. Only Bosman lived on the Gold Coast for an extended period of time, and the concentration of detail in his book reflects that experience. From about the 1720s to the early nineteenth century, a hiatus in the descriptive literature exists, but then Meredith, De Marree, Bowdich, and Dupuis resume the earlier tradition, so that one cannot say that the Gold Coast has been ignored in terms of European visitors or their original descriptions of the it area.However, when we look carefully at some of these narratives, we find that not all of what is written is in fact original. For example, Barbot's account of the political organization of Elmina is an exact duplicate, in translation from the Dutch, of Dapper's description. Barbot also copied his description of the “Degrees of Blacks” from Bosman. De Marree, an early nineteenth century Dutch official on the Gold Coast, included without attribution in his narrative, a complete report by Governor General Pieter Linthorst written in 1807.

Johannes Rebmann: A Servant of God in Africa Before the Rise of Western Colonialism (second edn)

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-196
Author(s):  
Linda S. Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Personal Health ◽  
Anglican Church ◽  
Mount Kilimanjaro ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
Afrique De L’Est

SummaryJohannes Rebmann, the first European to set eyes on Mount Kilimanjaro, served as a pioneer missionary in East Africa in the mid-nineteenth century, commissioned by the Anglican Church Missionary Society. Lexicography was his main occupation, but he faced several serious challenges: theological and methodological differences with his closest colleague, colonialism and slavery, and personal health problems. The author of this book has himself served in Malawi and participated in the recent English-Chichewa dictionary. Paas uses an impressive number of primary sources, letters and archival materials to paint the picture of Rebmann, his life and work.RÉSUMÉJohannes Rebmann, le premier européen à avoir contemplé le Kilimandjaro, a été un missionnaire pionnier en Afrique de l’Est au milieu du dix-neuvième siècle, envoyé par la société missionnaire de l’Église anglicane. Il s’est principalement consacré à un travail lexicographique, mais il a dû faire face à diverses difficultés sérieuses : des différences d’ordre théologique et méthodologique avec ses plus proches collègues, le colonialisme et l’esclavage, ainsi que des problèmes de santé. L’auteur de cet ouvrage a lui-même servi au Malawi et a participé à l’élaboration du récent dictionnaire Anglais-Chichewa. Paas a consulté un nombre impressionnant de sources de première main, de lettres et d’archives pour dresser le portrait de Rebmann et présenter sa vie et son oeuvre.ZusammenfassungJohannes Rebmann, der erste Europäer der jemals den Kilimandscharo erblickt hatte, diente in der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts als Pioniermissionar in Ostafrika; er war ausgesandt von der Missionsgesellschaft der anglikanischen Kirche. Seine Hauptbeschäftigung war die Lexikographie, aber darüber hinaus wurde er mit diversen ernstlichen Herausforderungen konfrontiert: Es gab Unstimmigkeiten zwischen ihm und seinem engsten Mitarbeiter über theologische Ansätze und die Methodik ihrer Arbeit, er befand sich in einem Umfeld von Kolonialismus und Sklaverei, und er geriet persönlich in gesundheitliche Schwierigkeiten. Der Autor dieses Buches hat selbst in Malawi Dienst getan und an dem unlängst erschienenen Wörterbuch auf Englisch-Chichewa mitgearbeitet. Paas verwendet eine bemerkenswerte Zahl an Primärquellen, Briefen und Archivmaterial, um ein Bild von Rebmann, seinem Leben und Werk zu zeichnen.

Performing Wagner for the Twenty-First Century

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Risi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Performance Practice ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
First Century ◽  
Italian Opera ◽  
Single Piece ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Opera Productions

Richard Wagner's works have repeatedly been the focus of questions concerning the possibilities, limits, and nature of the director's role in opera productions, especially in Germany, and prominently at the Bayreuther Festspiele. In this article Clemens Risi discusses some recent developments in staging Wagner's operas at the Festspiele, including Katharina Wagner's production of Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg (2007), Hans Neuenfels's production of Lohengrin (2010), and Sebastian Baumgarten's production of Tannhäuser (2011). While all these productions could be categorized as ‘director's theatre’, they also marked new steps in the staging practice of Wagner's work, going beyond questions of the interpretation of a single piece and taking it as material for exposure in a setting of experimentation. Here Risi considers how a well-known work emerges under the conditions of a newly established situation, as in a laboratory. Currently acting as interim Chair for Theatre and Media Studies at the Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Clemens Risi was previously Assistant Professor of Opera and Music Theatre at the Freie Universität Berlin. He is the author of Auf dem Weg zu einem italienischen Musikdrama (Tutzing, 2004), and is currently completing a book on opera in performance and preparing another monograph for the 2005 Parma Verdi Prize on performance practice in mid-nineteenth-century Italian opera.

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