Origins

Artful Noise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Thomas Siwe
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Igor Stravinsky ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Bela Bartok ◽  
Darius Milhaud ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Movements ◽  
Unique Manner ◽  
To Come

This opening chapter contains a discussion of two early twentieth-century European art and cultural movements, Dadaism and Futurism, whose adherents rejected established modes of artistic expression and often staged provocative events to gain the public’s attention. In addition, there is a detailed look at the seminal works of three major composers, Igor Stravinsky, Darius Milhaud, and Béla Bartók, whose innovative use of percussion in their compositions gave license to those who followed. Each of the three composers exploited percussion in a unique manner, contributing to the standard literature and presaging what was to come.

Christianity, Plurality and Vernacular Religion in early Twentieth-Century Glastonbury: A Sign of Things to Come?

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 302-321
Author(s):  
Marion Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Considerable Heterogeneity ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Vernacular Religion ◽  
Important Time ◽  
To Come ◽  
Shed Light

This essay focuses upon a significant place, Glastonbury, at an important time during the early twentieth century, in order to shed light on a particular aspect of Christianity which is frequently overlooked: its internal plurality. This is not simply denominational diversity, but the considerable heterogeneity which exists at both institutional and individual level within denominations, and which often escapes articulation, awareness or comment. This is significant because failure to apprehend a more detailed, granular picture of religion can lead to an incomplete view of events in the past and, by extension, a partial understanding of later phenomena. This essay argues that by using the concept of vernacular religion a more nuanced picture of religion as it is – or has been – lived can be achieved.

Traces of historical infinitive in English dialects and their Celtic connections

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-308
Author(s):  
JUHANI KLEMOLA
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Verbal Noun ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Base Form ◽  
West Midlands ◽  
Celtic Languages ◽  
To Come

A number of nineteenth-century and early twentieth-century dialect descriptions refer to an unusual adverb + infinitive construction in southwestern and west Midlands dialects of English. The construction is most often reported in the form of a formulaic phrase away to go, meaning ‘away he went’, though it is also found with a range of other adverbs. In addition, the same dialects also make use of a possibly related imperative construction, consisting of a preposition or adverb and a to-infinitive, as in out to come! ‘Come out!’ and a negative imperative construction consisting of the negator not and the base form of the verb, as in Not put no sugar in!. These construction types appear to be marginal at best in earlier varieties of English, whereas comparable constructions with the verbal noun are a well-established feature of especially British Celtic languages (i.e. Welsh, Breton, and Cornish). In this article I argue that transfer from the British Celtic languages offers a possible explanation for the use of these constructions in the traditional southwestern and west Midlands dialects of English.

Gardening in the Apocalypse

2020 ◽  
pp. 389-517
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Robert Walker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Utopian Literature ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Columbian Exposition ◽  
To Come

The “White City” of the 1893 Columbian Exposition in Chicago struck many Americans as a hopeful glimmer of the happy cities to come, but soon, visions of even happier utopian suburbs reclaimed dominance, asserting the need for “A Cityless and Countryless World.” When Bellamy produced his sequel to Looking Backward, it promised a future of commuting by motorcar and personal aircraft to and from cottages in garden suburbs. In different ways, influential reformers and architects such as Ebenezer Howard and Frank Lloyd Wright fed their readings of utopian literature into influential designs for destroying old cities and achieving suburban bliss. The last great nineteenth-century utopian visionary was also the greatest science-fiction author of the early twentieth century: H. G. Wells. He, perhaps more than any other writer, carried forward the Victorian call to abandon Babylon to new heights and fresh audiences, prophesying dreadful apocalypse, and luminously modern gardens to follow.

Hamlet Lives in Hollywood

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Queer Studies ◽  
Original Essays ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
To Come

John Barrymore’s influence on screen and stage in the early twentieth century is incalculable. His performances in the theater defined Shakespeare for a generation, and his transition to cinema brought his theatrical performativity to both silent and sound screens. However, in today’s cinema culture, which favors “realistically” grounded performance and harbors suspicions of theatricality as “over-acting” or as somehow irreducibly different from acting in the cinema, both the historical and ongoing importance of John Barrymore’s uniquely cinematic theatricality is often forgotten or disregarded. This book, a collection of fifteen original essays on the film performances and stardom of John Barrymore, redresses this lack of scholarship on Barrymore by offering a range of varied perspectives on the actor’s work. The contributors to the book explore Barrymore from a number of angles, including performance analysis, theatricality, stardom, gender, masculinity, sexuality, psychoanalysis, voice, queer studies, and more. Specific chapters also offer overviews of Barrymore’s career on stage and on screen as well as considerations of his work with other actors, including his famous siblings. Taken together, Hamlet Lives in Hollywood represents a major attempt by contemporary scholars to come to terms with the ongoing vitality of John Barrymore’s work in our present day.

Decadence: A Very Short Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Weir
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
Ancient Rome ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Contemporary Life

Decadence: A Very Short Introduction provides an overview of the culture of decadence—the artistic expression of a conflicted sense of modernity—by tracing its origin in ancient Rome, development in nineteenth-century Paris and London, manifestation in early-twentieth-century Vienna and Weimar Berlin, and current resonance in contemporary life. It explores conflicting attitudes toward modernity in decadent culture by examining both aesthetic decadence—the excess of artifice—and social decadence, which involves excess in many forms, whether perversely pleasurable or gratuitously cruel. The integration of aesthetic and social decadence led some of its practitioners to substitute art for life and to stress the importance of taste over morality, a move with far-reaching cultural consequences.

Antirevivalism and Its Discontents: Liberal Evangelicalism, the American City, and the Sunday School, 1900–1929

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-290
Author(s):  
Matthew Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sunday School ◽  
American City ◽  
Transient Nature ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Regular Event ◽  
To Come ◽  
Developmental Form ◽  
The City

AbstractThis article examines the rise of antirevivalism among a certain strain of American evangelicals in the first years of the twentieth century. It argues that, influenced by the new discipline of psychology of religion and growing fear of the chaotic environment of the early twentieth-century city, these evangelicals found revivalist evangelicalism to be psychologically damaging and destructive of the process of Christian conversion. Instead, they conceived of a form of evangelicalism they called “liberal evangelicalism,” which repudiated the emotional and cathartic revivalist style of worship and, instead, insisted that evangelicalism could be rational, moderate, and targeted toward the cultivation of socially acceptable virtues. The venue they chose to pursue this form of evangelicalism was the Sunday school. Throughout the nineteenth century, liberal evangelicals feared, the Sunday school had emerged as a revival in miniature, one in which teachers were encouraged to exhort their students to come to cathartic, emotional conversion experiences— a strategy that had found its apotheosis in the “Decision Day,” a regular event in which students were subjected to emotional preaching and encouraged to confess their faith in Christ. Though the Decision Day was itself an evangelical attempt to deal with the transient nature of the city, liberal evangelicals began, in the early twentieth century, to redefine it in ways that would better facilitate the sort of gradual and developmental form of conversion in which they placed their faith. Leading the effort was George Albert Coe, a professor and Sunday school organizer who used his school to experiment with such reforms.

scholarly journals Alexander Scriabin's and Igor Stravinsky's Influence upon Early Twentieth-Century Finnish Music: The Octatonic Collection in the Music of Uuno Klami, Aarre Merikanto and Väinö Raitio

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 67-85
Author(s):  
Edward Jurkowski
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Igor Stravinsky ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Tone Poem ◽  
Musical Style ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Jean Sibelius ◽  
Orchestral Works ◽  
Compositional Technique

This article examines a significant shift in musical style and compositional technique that occurred in Finland during the 1920s, a time during which the music of Jean Sibelius exerted a strong influence. Specifically, I discuss how the octatonic collection, a prominent feature in the music of the two early twentieth-century Russian modernists Igor Stravinsky and Alexander Scriabin, is incorporated as a fundamental harmonic resource in three celebrated orchestral works: Uuno Klami's 1935 "The Creation of the Earth" (movement one from his five-movement Kalevala Suite), movement one from Aarre Merikanto's 1924 Ten Pieces for Orchestra, and Väinö Raitio's 1921 tone poem Fantasia estatica.

The History of the History of American Education, 1900-1976: The Uses of the Past

1976 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sol Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Teacher Training ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
American Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come

Most recent histories of American education begin with an attack that enumerates the ways in which Ellwood P. Cubberley and other traditional historians of the early twentieth century stymied the development of the field. Indeed, these works suggest that the tradition of Cubberley and company was the only obstacle to good history of education until the pathbreaking contributions of Bernard Bailyn and Lawrence Cremin in the early 1960s. In this article, Sol Cohen argues that a rich and controversial chapter in the history of the history of education has been forgotten in the zeal to get on with the "new" history. He contends that historians need to come to terms with the struggles, primarily in the 1930s and 1940s, between those who would make the field purely "functional"—addressed to teacher training and to contemporary social problems—and those who would make it an academic discipline. After tracing the development and context of those struggles,Cohen concludes by noting certain dangerous continuities between the past and the present in the craft of history of education and cautions that progress can be made only by acknowledging and understanding that past.

Mythologizing the internal Other: rural tradition as antidote to modern civilization

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-85
Author(s):  
Michela Coletta
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Models ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Debate ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
To Come

The emergence of literary and cultural criollismo has usually been looked at in the context of early-twentieth-century nationalism. While these analyses have contributed to a better understanding of the extent to which early-twentieth-century responses to immigration shaped the political debate over the following decades, they seem to underestimate the pervasiveness of civilisational constructs at the turn of the century, thus failing to fully appreciate the specific contexts in which the first coherent attempts to come to terms with ideas of the modern were made. Breaking away from previous interpretations that look at the early-twentieth-century discourse about the nation almost exclusively in terms of a reaction to the phenomenon of mass immigration, this chapter focuses on the turn-of-the-century period and shows that, both in the River Plate and in Chile, discourses of the autochthonous primarily originated in response to the hegemonic outward-looking idea of modern civilisation. The chapter analyses the shift from the idea of a barbaric past to that of rural tradition. The countryside was used to counterbalance the refined and decadent urban civilisation based on European cultural models.

Oral Narratives from the Early Twentieth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 383-394
Author(s):  
Adrienn Gecse
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Oral Narratives ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Free Society ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
To Come

The stories introduced in this chapter tell about the life of various monks, the teachers of the storyteller who was the then-ninety-two-year-old G. Sukhbat in Erdenetsogt district of Bayankhongor Province. Through the narratives we get a glimpse of the early twentieth-century Mongolia, when religion and religious values became worthless or rather dangerous in the eyes of those in power. Western principles came to the front, became superior, and traditional culture was eliminated for its outdatedness and primitivity. Because religion was considered the main carrier of traditional Mongolian culture, neither monks nor their followers and monasteries could escape the punishment. Various sources quote somewhat differing figures, but undoubtedly, due to the so-called Modern Mongolia project, tens of thousands of people lost their lives in the purges. The 1990s meant a huge transformation into a free society and the rediscovery of traditions and religion. Because of the circumstances, monks and others followed the traditional way of preserving their heritage that is through keeping the knowledge within for future generations to come, similarly to the stories told as follows. They did not get written down, and they emerged to the surface and became more widely known only after the passing of the danger. Only thanks to the strength and persistence of monks and laypeople could these stories emerge to be learned from.

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