scholarly journals The effects of interprofessional diabetes education on the knowledge of medical, dentistry and nursing students

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Maja Račić ◽  
Bojan N. Joksimović ◽  
Smiljka Cicmil ◽  
Srebrenka Kusmuk ◽  
Nedeljka Ivković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interprofessional Education ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teamwork Skills ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

<div class="WordSection1"><p><strong>Objectives</strong>. Interprofessional teamwork is best attained through education that promotes mutual trust and effective communication. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of interprofessional learning on knowledge about diabetes. <strong>Methods</strong>. The cross-sectional study included students of medicine, dentistry and nursing at the Faculty of Medicine Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The students were randomly allocated into one of two groups. Group 1 attended an interprofessional course on diabetes while group 2 was divided into three subgroups and each of the subgroups attended an uniprofessional diabetes course. The measuring instrument used in the course in order to assess the participants’ knowledge about diabetic care was a test containing multiple-choice questions about diabetes. The Interprofessional Questionnaire was used to explore the attitudes, views, values and beliefs of students regarding interprofessional education (IPE). <strong>Results</strong>. No statistically significant difference in total score on the test was found between the groups at baseline, but at follow-up the difference was highly statistically significant (F=10.87; p=0.002). The students from Group 1 had better results (21.82 points), compared to Group 2 (18.77 points). The statistically significant difference was observed in mean values (t=-3.997; p=0.001), between Groups 1 and 2; the students from Group 1 obtained 20.42 points, which is considered to indicate a respectively positive self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. However, Group 2 indicated a negative self-assessment of communication and teamwork skills. <strong>Conclusion</strong>. The findings suggest that IPE activities may provide health profession students with valuable collaborative learning opportunities.</p></div>

Patients Who Attend Alone at a First Memory Consultation: Are They a Specific Population,or Is It an Instance of Confounding Bias?

2019 ◽  
Vol 81 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Pierre Koskas ◽  
Mouna Romdhani ◽  
Olivier Drunat
Keyword(s):  
Selection Bias ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
State Examination ◽  
Group 1

As commonly happens in epidemiological research, none of the reported studies were totally free of methodological problems. Studies have considered the influence of social relationships on dementia, but the mechanisms underlying these associations are not perfectly understood. We look at the possible impact of selection bias. For their first memory consultation, patients may come alone or accompanied by a relative. Our objective is to better understand the impact of this factor by retrospective follow-up of geriatric memory outpatients over several years. All patients over 70 who were referred to Bretonneau Memory Clinic for the first time, between January 2006 and 2018, were included in the study. The patients who came alone formed group 1, the others, whatever type of relative accompanied them, formed group 2. We compared the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores of patients; and for all patients who came twice for consultation with at least a 60-day interval, we compared their first MMSE with the MMSE performed at the second consultation. In total, 2,935 patients were included, aged 79.7 ± 8.4 years. Six hundred and twenty-five formed group 1 and 2,310 group 2. We found a significant difference in MMSE scores between the 2 groups of patients; and upon second consultation in group 2, but that difference was minor in group 1. Our finding of a possible confounding factor underlines the complexity of choosing comparison groups in order to minimize selection bias while maintaining clinical relevance.

scholarly journals Fracture resistance of immature teeth filled with mineral trioxide aggregate, bioaggregate, and biodentine

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
pp. 220-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emre Bayram ◽  
Huda Melike Bayram
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Resistance ◽  
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate fracture resistance of teeth with immature apices treated with coronal placement of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), bioaggregate (BA), and Biodentine. Materials and Methods: Forty-one freshly extracted, single-rooted human premolar teeth were used for the study. At first, the root length was standardized to 9 mm. The crown-down technique was used for the preparation of the root canals using the rotary ProTaper system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) of F3 (30). Peeso reamer no. 6 was stepped out from the apex to simulate an incompletely formed root. The prepared roots were randomly assigned to one control (n = 5) and three experimental (n = 12) groups, as described below. Group 1: White MTA (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil) was prepared as per the manufacturer's instructions and compacted into the root canal using MAP system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and condensed by pluggers (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil). Group 2: The canals were filled with DiaRoot-BA (DiaDent Group International, Canada). Group 3: Biodentine (Septodont, Saint Maur des Fosses, France) solution was mixed with the capsule powder and condensed using pluggers. Instron was used to determine the maximum horizontal load to fracture the tooth, placing the tip 3 mm incisal to the cementoenamel junction. Mean values of the fracture strength were compared by ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: No significant difference was observed among the MTA, BA, and biodentine experimental groups. Conclusion: All the three materials tested, may be used as effective strengthening agents for immature teeth.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Video-Based Forearm Anatomy Model Instruction for a Virtual Education Environment

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 238212052110632
Author(s):  
Miraal S. Dharamsi ◽  
D. Anthony Bastian ◽  
Heather A. Balsiger ◽  
Joel T. Cramer ◽  
Ricardo Belmares
Keyword(s):  
Student Perceptions ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Virtual Education ◽  
Muscle Model ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wet Lab ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

INTRODUCTION As virtual education becomes more widespread, particularly considering the recent COVID-19 pandemic, studies that assess the impact of online teaching strategies are vital. Current anatomy curriculum at Paul L. Foster School of Medicine consists of self-taught PowerPoint material, clinical vignette-centered team-based learning (dry lab), and prosection-based instruction (wet lab). This study examined the impact of video-based muscle model (VBMM) instruction using a student-designed forearm muscle model on anatomy quiz scores and student perceptions of its effectiveness with regards to learning outcomes. METHODS Students divided into Group 1 (54 students) and Group 2 (53 students) were assessed prior to and following a 3.5-minute video on anterior forearm compartment musculature using the muscle model. Group 1 began by completing a pretest, then received VBMM instruction, and then completed a posttest prior to participating in the standard dry lab and 1 hour wet lab. Group 2 completed the wet lab, then received the pretest, VBMM instruction, and posttest prior to participating in the dry lab. Both groups took an identical five-question quiz covering locations and functions of various anterior forearm muscles each time. RESULTS Mean scores were higher than no formal intervention with exposure to VBMM instruction alone (0.73 points, P = .01), wet lab alone (0.88 points, P = .002), and wet lab plus VBMM instruction (1.35 points, P= <.001). No significant difference in scores was found between instruction with VBMM versus wet lab alone ( P = 1.00), or between either instruction method alone compared to a combination of the two methods ( P = .34, .09). Student survey opinions on the VBMM instruction method were positive. CONCLUSION VBMM instruction is comparable to prosection-based lab with regards to score outcomes and was well received by students as both an independent learning tool and as a supplement to cadaveric lab. When compared to either instruction method alone, the supplementation of VBMM with cadaveric prosection instruction was best. VBMM instruction may be valuable for institutions without access to cadaveric specimens, or those looking to supplement their current anatomy curriculum.

Acquired Antithrombin III (AT III) - Deficiency in Septicaemia

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Deutsch ◽  
E. Thaler
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Heparin Therapy ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
At Iii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AT III was measured in 34 patients with clinical and bacteriological evidence of septicaemia using a heparin cofactor assay. Based on the results of positive blood cultures gram-negative septicaemia (G-S) was diagnosed in 10 (group 1) and gram positive septicaemia (G+S) in 9 patients (group 2). From the remaining 15 patients {group 3) blood cultures before onset of antibiotic therapy were not obtained and gave negative results throughout the observation period. Based on bacteria] cultures from other sites than venous blood or bacteriological examination of spinal fluid G-S was assumed in 13 and G+S in 2 patients.In all but one patient of group 1 and one of group 2 AT III activities were decreased below 2 SO of normal controls (n = 91, x = 99.6, SD-8.4) already at the time of the first coagulation screening (patients: n=34, =58.4, SD-16.6). Analysis of var-ance showed no significant difference between the mean values of the three groups at the c per cent (%) level. The minimal AT III activities during the course of the disease were below the norma] range in all patients studied [n=34, =51.2, SD=13.6).Thus AT III deficiency appears to be a constant and early finding in G-S and G+S, causing insufficient inhibition of blood coagulation, and hereby may contribute to irreversible tissue damage caused by microthrombi in septic shock. This deficiency may be an important factor in the failure of heparin therapy to reduce mortality from septic shock.

scholarly journals Changes in retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-ze Zhao ◽  
Melba Márquez Fernández ◽  
Maria Cáceres Toledo ◽  
Teddy Osmin Tamargo Barbeito ◽  
Guo-xun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to analyze the correlation between hypertension (HTN) and changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension.Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included a group of 45 subjects who did not suffer from hypertension (HTN) (Group 1), other two groups of 51 patients with controlled (Group 2) and not controlled (Group 3) HTN. Changes in vascular and nervous structures were identified and evaluated by ophthalmoscopy and OCT, respectively. Parametric and non-parametric tests, Post-hoc, Pearson, and Spearman correlation were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: We observed hypertensive retinopathy (HTNR G I and II) in both groups with HTN, with a significant difference (p=0.023). We found a lower average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the average and minimum ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the patients of groups 2 and 3 than those of group 1. We found a negative and slight correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HTNR with superior GCC thickness in hypertensive patients.Conclusions: hypertension correlated to changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures, and the nervous structure alterations were not visible by ophthalmoscopy but detected by OCT.

scholarly journals COVID-19 discharged patients in Hunan, China: correlation between early features and prognosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
yeyu cai ◽  
jiayi liu ◽  
Haitao Yang ◽  
Taili Chen ◽  
Qizhi Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Ct ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Persistent Symptoms ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Discharged Patients ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose To describe the correlation between the clinical, laboratory and radiological findings with hospitalization days in Coronavirus Infected Disease-19 (COVID-19) discharged patients. Method In this multicenter study, we retrospectively identified 153 discharged patients with COVID-19 pneumonia from Jan 16, 2020 to Feb 26, 2020 in Hunan province. Patients were grouped based on the hospitalization days: Group 1 (hospitalization days≦12 days) and Group 2((hospitalization days> 12days). Demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings on admission and the imaging features of the first Chest CT on admission were analyzed. The differences between groups were analyzed using univariate logistic regression to find the impact factors. Results The cohort included 153 discharged patients (85 males and 68 females, with the mean age of 42.32±14.03 years old). 90(58.8%) patients had hospitalization days≦12 and 63(41.2%) patients had hospitalization days>12. 44(48.9%) patients in Group1 and 28(44.4%) in Group 2 had been to Wuhan. In both Group1 and Group2, most common symptoms at onset were fever (62.2%, 60.3%) and cough (33.3%, 50.8%). Cough was occurred more common in Group 2(50.8%) than Group 1(33.3%) with a significant difference (p=0.03). 6(6.7%) patients in Group1 and 10(15.9%) in Group2 had admitting diagnosis as non-pneumonia (p=0.07), some of them occurred mild pneumonia during hospital stay. White blood cell (2.2%, 9.5%) and neutrophil (9.5%) count above normal were more common on in Group 2 (p=0.04, p=0.04). Patients in Group 2 had higher concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.04) than Group 1. Most of patients had multiple lesions (75.6%, 69.8%) with bilateral distribution (73.3%, 58.7%) in both groups. Mixed ground-glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation appearance were seen in most patients. GGO components > consolidation appearance were more common in Group 1(31.1%) than in Group 2(8.0%) with a significant difference between groups (P<0.01). Patients had cough at onset disease (OR, 0.47; 95%CI, 0.23 to 0.96, p=0.04) and CT represented as GGO components more than consolidation (OR, 4.84; 95%CI, 1.80 to 13.04, p<0.01) were associated with hospitalization days. Conclusions COVID-19 non-pneumonia patients with longer hospitalization days might have the persistent symptoms or pneumonia occurrence after admission. Chest CT could help prompt diagnosis and monitor disease progression, GGO/consolidation >1 in mixed lesions was associated with shorter hospitalization days. Special attention should be paid to the role of radiological features in monitoring disease prognosis.

scholarly journals Adverse pathophysiological influence of early testosterone therapy on the testes of boys with higher grade sex chromosome aneuploidies (HGAs): a retrospective, cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Spaziani ◽  
C. Tarantino ◽  
C. Pozza ◽  
A. Anzuini ◽  
F. Panimolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Testicular Volume ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Testosterone Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hormone Profile ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Purpose Higher grade aneuploidies (HGAs) of the male sex chromosomes are a rare genetic group of pathologies caused by nondisjunction meiotic events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of early androgenic therapy on the testicular secretory hormone profile, and the pathophysiological implications. Patients and methods In this cross-sectional study, 18 HGA subjects aged 6–8 years were recruited. They were divided into two groups, based on whether or not they had previously undergone testosterone therapy (group 1: 11 untreated subjects; group 2: 7 treated subjects). Serum FSH, LH, testosterone (T), inhibin B (INHB) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) were determined, and auxological parameters were assessed. Five group 1 patients and four group 2 patients were treated with hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) for inguinal cryptorchidism; their hormone profile and auxological parameters were assessed both pre- and post-hCG treatment. Results Group 1 subjects showed significantly higher testicular volume and higher levels of AMH and INHB (p < 0.0001). Subjects who had undergone hCG therapy showed a significantly higher testicular volume, penis length (respectively, p = 0.008 and p = 0.0005 for group 1 and p = 0.04 and p = 0.001 for group 2) and T (p = 0.005 for group 1 and p = 0.004 for group 2). Conclusions HGA patients undergoing early testosterone therapy show an earlier and persistent suppression of testicular secretory function. At this age, the testes are still responsive to stimulation with hCG. The selection of patients to be treated must be accompanied by a thorough clinical and hormonal evaluation.

Expression of P-selectin, von Willebrand and endothelin-1 after carotid artery stenting

VASA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia ◽  
Yang ◽  
Qu ◽  
Cheng ◽  
Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenting ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
One Year ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Background: This study was designed to investigate the impact of carotid artery stenting (CAS) on plasma levels of P-selectin, von Willebrand (vWF) and endothelin-1. Patients and methods: Sixty-seven patients who received CAS were divided into group 1 (one stent for a simple lesion, n = 38) and group 2 (two stents for complex lesions, n = 29). The levels of P-selectin, vWF and endothelin-1 were measured before CAS, 1 h, 6h, 24 h and 2 weeks after the stenting. Results: Sixty-one patients completed one-year follow up. Restenosis was noted in 14 (23 %) patients, among these three (4.8 %) had a restenosis of > 50 % of the vascular lumen. In all patients, the levels of P-selectin, vWF and endothelin-1 increased immediately after CAS (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The levels of vWF and endothelin-1 in group 2 were higher than in group 1 (P < 0.05 or 0.01). There was no significant difference in P-selectin and endothelin-1 between the restenosis and non-restenosis group (P > 0.05). The 24 h vWF in patients with restenosis were higher than in non-restenosis group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: CAS results in a significant increase in plasma P-selectin, vWF and endothelin-1. The post-CAS levels of P-selectin, vWF and endothelin-1 are related to the extent of endothelial injury. Whether they are associated with restenosis 12 months after the treatment requires further investigation.

Can the CAMCOG be a good cognitive test for patients with Alzheimer's disease with low levels of education?

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Aprahamian ◽  
José Eduardo Martinelli ◽  
Juliana Cecato ◽  
Rafael Izbicki ◽  
Mônica Sanches Yassuda
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Educational Levels ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACTBackground: The Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) is a useful test in screening for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the interpretation of CAMCOG cut-off scores is problematic and reference values are needed for different educational strata. Given the importance of earlier diagnoses of mild dementia, new cut-off values are required which take into account patients with low levels of education. This study aims to evaluate whether the CAMCOG can be used as an accurate screening test among AD patients and normal controls with different educational levels.Methods: Cross-sectional assessment was undertaken of 113 AD and 208 elderly controls with heterogeneous educational levels (group 1: 1–4 years; group 2: 5–8 years; and group 3: ≥ 9 years) from a geriatric clinic. submitted to a thorough diagnostic evaluation for AD including the Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly (CAMDEX). Controls had no cognitive or mood complaints. Sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) for the CAMCOG in each educational group was assessed with receiver-operator-characteristic (ROC) curves.Results: CAMCOG mean values were lower when education was reduced in both diagnostic groups (controls – group 1: 87; group 2: 91; group 3: 96; AD – group 1: 63; group 2: 62; group 3: 77). Cut-off scores for the three education groups were 79, 80 and 90, respectively. SE and SP varied among the groups (group 1: 88.1% and 83.5%; group 2: 84.6% and 96%; group 3: 70.8% and 90%).Conclusion: The CAMCOG can be used as a cognitive test for patients with low educational level with good accuracy. Patients with higher education showed lower scores than previously reported.

scholarly journals Impact of Renal Function on Long-Term Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Coronary Chronic Total Occlusions: Results From an Observational Single-Center Cohort Study During the Last 12 Years

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Guo ◽  
Huaiyu Ding ◽  
Haichen Lv ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Lei Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

Background: The number of coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients with renal insufficiency is huge, and limited data are available on the impact of renal insufficiency on long-term clinical outcomes in CTO patients. We aimed to investigate clinical outcomes of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) vs. medical therapy (MT) in CTO patients according to baseline renal function.Methods: In the study population of 2,497, 1,220 patients underwent CTO PCI and 1,277 patients received MT. Patients were divided into four groups based on renal function: group 1 [estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 m2], group 2 (60 ≤ eGFR &lt;90 ml/min/1.73 m2), group 3 (30 ≤ eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2), and group 4 (eGFR &lt;30 ml/min/1.73 m2). Major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was the primary end point.Results: Median follow-up was 2.6 years. With the decline in renal function, MACE (p &lt; 0.001) and cardiac death (p &lt; 0.001) were increased. In group 1 and group 2, MACE occurred less frequently in patients with CTO PCI, as compared to patients in the MT group (15.6% vs. 22.8%, p &lt; 0.001; 15.6% vs. 26.5%, p &lt; 0.001; respectively). However, there was no significant difference in terms of MACE between CTO PCI and MT in group 3 (21.1% vs. 28.7%, p = 0.211) and group 4 (28.6% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.289). MACE was significantly reduced for patients who received successful CTO PCI compared to patients with MT (16.7% vs. 22.8%, p = 0.006; 16.3% vs. 26.5%, p = 0.003, respectively) in group 1 and group 2. eGFR &lt; 30 ml/min/1.73 m2, age, male gender, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, multivessel disease, and MT were identified as independent predictors for MACE in patients with CTOs.Conclusions: Renal impairment is associated with MACE in patients with CTOs. For treatment of CTO, compared with MT alone, CTO PCI may reduce the risk of MACE in patients without chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, reduced MACE from CTO PCI among patients with CKD was not observed. Similar beneficial effects were observed in patients without CKD who underwent successful CTO procedures.

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