scholarly journals Floating Wetland Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage using Eichhornia crassipes (Water Hyacinth)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (17) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandimal Randunu Palihakkara ◽  
Sandun Dassanayake ◽  
Chulantha Jayawardena ◽  
Indishe Prabath Senanayake
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Significant Discrepancy ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Wetland Treatment

Background. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental impact associated with the mining industry. Elevated acidic conditions resulting from the discharge of AMD into the surrounding environment can cause heavy metals to dissolve and transport through water streams and accumulate in the aquatic environment, posing a risk to the health of living organisms. There have been several novel approaches in the remediation of AMD involving passive treatment techniques. The constructed treatment wetland approach is a passive remediation option that has proven to be a cost effective and long-lasting solution in abating toxic pollutant concentrations. Objectives. The present study investigates the applicability of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), a tropical aquatic plant with reported heavy metal hyper-accumulation in microcosm floating wetland treatment systems designed to remediate AMD with copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeding threshold limits. Methods. Twelve water hyacinth samples were prepared with varying concentrations of Cu (1 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L) and Cd (0.005 mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.02 mg/L). Water samples of 5 ml each were collected from each sample at 24-hour intervals for analysis with an atomic absorption spectrometer. Results. Plant growth varied according to Cu and Cd concentrations and no plants survived for more than 14 days. There was a significant discrepancy in the rate at which the Cd concentrations abated. The rate of reduction was rapid for higher concentrations and after 24 hours a substantial reduction was achieved. There was a reduction in Cu concentration after the first 24-hour period, and after the next 24-hour period the concentrations were again elevated in the samples at initial concentrations of 2 mg/L and A4 mg/L. 4 mg/L Cu concentration was shown to be toxic to the plants, as they had low accumulations and rapid dying was evident. Conclusions. Water hyacinth has the capability to reduce both Cu and Cd concentrations, except at an initial concentration of 4 mg/L of Cu, which was toxic to the plants. Competing Interests. The authors declare no competing financial interests.

scholarly journals Influence of type and amount of organic matters on the iron sorption of acid mine drainage onto reclaimed-mining soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2985-2994
Author(s):  
Akhmad Rizalli Saidy ◽  
Bambang Joko Priatmadi ◽  
Meldia Septiana
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Maximum Sorption Capacity ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Mining Soils

Mining activity may potentially produce acid mine drainage (AMD), which has relatively high acidity and dissolved heavy metal concentrations. Constructed wetlands is one of the AMD management methods in which organic matter (OM) plays a very important function in reducing the concentration of heavy metals in AMD through absorption and precipitation processes. Three types of OM (empty fruit bunches of oil palm, chicken manure and water hyacinth) and five levels of OM (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 Mg ha-1) were applied to reclaimed-mining soils (RMS) in an incubation study. A batch experiment was then performed to measure the effect of OM application on the maximum sorption capacity (Qmax) of iron (Fe) from the AMD onto the mixed soil-OM. The application of OM resulted in increases in soil pH, carboxylic groups, and total functional groups, in which these increases varied based on the types and amounts of OM application. This study also revealed that OM application resulted in increasing Fe sorption. The application of OM increased Qmax values from 2077 to 2348-3259 mg kg-1 (water hyacinth), to 2607-3635 mg kg-1 (chicken manure), and to 2219-2992 mg kg-1 (empty fruit bunches of oil palm). Increasing these Qmax values may ascribe to increasing functional groups of the RMS with OM application. The results prove the importance of OM in controlling the sorption of Fe from AMD onto soils.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Behavior of Reclaimed Highly Reactive Tailings, Part 1: Characterization of Reclamation Materials

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Kalonji-Kabambi ◽  
Bruno Bussière ◽  
Isabelle Demers
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Mine Wastes ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Neutralizing Potential ◽  
Sulfide Tailings

The production of solid mine wastes is an integral part of the extraction and metallurgical processing of ores. The reclamation of highly reactive mine waste, with low neutralizing potential, is still a significant challenge for the mining industry, particularly when natural soils are not available close to the site. Some solid mine wastes present interesting hydro-geotechnical properties which can be taken advantage of, particularly for being used in reclamation covers to control acid mine drainage. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the use of mining materials (i.e., tailings and waste rock) in a cover with capillary barrier effects (CCBE) to prevent acid mine drainage (AMD) from highly reactive tailings. The first part of the project reproduced in this article involves context and laboratory validation of mining materials as suitable for a CCBE, while the companion paper reports laboratory and field results of cover systems made with mining materials. The main conclusions of the Part 1 of this study were that the materials studied (low sulfide tailings and waste rocks) had the appropriate geochemical and hydrogeological properties for use as cover materials in a CCBE. Results also showed that the cover mining materials are not acid-generating and that the LaRonde tailings are highly reactive with pH close to 2, with high concentrations of metals and sulfates.

scholarly journals Selection of organic materials potentially used to enhance bioremediation of acid mine drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2779-2789
Author(s):  
Fitri Arum Sekarjannah ◽  
M Mansur ◽  
Zaenal Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Active Treatment ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Passive Treatment ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
Selection Of

Acid mine drainage (AMD), produced when sulfide minerals are subjected to oxygen and water, is one of the major issues in mining industries. Without proper management, AMD's release to the environment would cause seriously prolonged environmental and health issues, such as increases soil acidity and reduces water quality due to extremely low pH, high sulphate concentration, and heavy metal solubility. AMD treatments are divided into two categories, i.e., active treatment, conducted by applying a chemical to the AMD to neutralize pH and precipitate heavy metals; and passive treatment, which relies on biological and biochemical processes. The active treatment may provide an immediate effect, but costly and yet sustainable; meanwhile, passive treatment takes time to establish and to generate an effect, but it is more economical, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. The wetland system is an example of passive treatment. Therefore, this review focuses on passive treatments, especially the selection of organic materials used in constructed AMD wetland treatment. Organic materials play a central role in the wetland system, i.e., to chelate metal ions, remove sulphate from the solution, increase pH, and growth media for microbes, especially sulphate reducing bacteria (SRB) and plants are grown in the system. Overall, organic materials determine the effectiveness of the wetland system to neutralize AMD passively and sustainably.

scholarly journals Mine Water Treatment in Hongai Coal Mines

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 01007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phuong Thao Dang ◽  
Vu Chi Dang
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Iron Sulfide ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Coal Mines ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Coal Seams ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Iron Sulfide Minerals ◽  
Drainage Problem ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem associated with mining industry. Acid water, also known as acid mine drainage forms when iron sulfide minerals found in the rock of coal seams are exposed to oxidizing conditions in coal mining. Until 2009, mine drainage in Hongai coal mines was not treated, leading to harmful effects on humans, animals and aquatic ecosystem. This report has examined acid mine drainage problem and techniques for acid mine drainage treatment in Hongai coal mines. In addition, selection and criteria for the design of the treatment systems have been presented.

scholarly journals Synergism Red Mud-Acid Mine Drainage as a Sustainable Solution for Neutralizing and Immobilizing Hazardous Elements

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Hugo Lucas ◽  
Srecko Stopic ◽  
Buhle Xakalashe ◽  
Sehliselo Ndlovu ◽  
Bernd Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Hazardous Elements ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
High Alkalinity

Acid mine drainage (AMD) and red mud (RM) are frequently available in the metallurgical and mining industry. Treating AMD solutions require the generation of enough alkalinity to neutralize the acidity excess. RM, recognized as a waste generating high alkalinity solution when it is in contact with water, was chosen to treat AMD from South Africa at room temperature. A German and a Greek RM have been evaluated as a potential low-cost material to neutralize and immobilize harmful chemical ions from AMD. Results showed that heavy metals and other hazardous elements such as As, Se, Cd, and Zn had been immobilized in the mineral phase. According to European environmental standards, S and Cr, mainly present in RM, were the only two elements not immobilized below the concentration established for inert waste.

scholarly journals Penerapan Wetland untuk Pengelolaan Air Asam Tambang

KURVATEK ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Agus Panca Adi Sucahyo ◽  
Waterman Sulistyana Bargawa ◽  
Mohammad Nurcholis ◽  
Tedy Agung Cahyadi,
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Acid Rock ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Environmental Pollution Problem ◽  
State Water ◽  
Wetland System

ABSTRAKAir asam tambang (AAT) merupakan air dengan kandungan pH rendah (di bawah 5) yang ditimbulkan akibat industri pertambangan. AAT terbentuk dari bertemunya tiga komponen, yaitu batuan yang mengandung sulfat, air dan udara. Batuan yang mengandung asam (potential acid foarming) yang terkupas selama kegiatan penambangan dapat membentuk AAT setelah bertemu udara dan air yang berasal dari paparan air hujan langsung, air limpasan dan rembesan air tanah. Air limpasan yang tercemar tersebut mempunyai pH sekitar 2 – 4 dengan kandungan logam berat berupa Al, Fe, Mn, Cu dan Zn. Metoda dalam pengelolaan AAT terdiri dari sistem aktif dan sistem pasif. Paper ini membahas mengenai pengelolaan AAT dengan menggunakan sistem pasif wetland. Cakupan yang dibahas menyajikan beberapa hal terkait wetland diantaranya: ukuran wetland dan desain wetland yang tepat termasuk keasaman air yang keluar dari tambang (pH), kondisi reaksi oksidasi, laju aliran air serta waktu yang diperlukan dalam proses wetland serta luasan area yang tersedia untuk konstruksi wetland. Manfaat yang dihasilkan dari studi ini dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dalam rangka program penutupan tambang tembaga dan emas.Kata kunci: wetland, remediasi pasif, air asam tambang (AAT) Acid mine drainage (AMD) is the most significant environmental pollution problem with a low pH (below 5) caused by the mining industry. AMD is former from three components, exposed acid rock contain sulphate, water and air. The exposed acid rocks (potential acidic forming) during mining activities create a chemical reaction with air and water can be from seepage and run off. The water overflow from pit lake has a pH around 2 – 4 and contain heavy metals, i.e. Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn. The methods of AMD treatments that are active and passive systems. This paper discusses the AMD treatment using passive wetland system. Main factors passive removal of acidity and heavy metals using wetlad system when determining type and size appropriate wetland system include the influent acidity, pH, redox state, water flow rates and retention times, the area available for wetland. The benefits of this  study for passive AMD treatment using wetland can be used for further research to supporting the copper and gold mine closure program. Keywords: wetland, passive reamediation, acid mine drainage

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Waste Materials for the Treatment of Acid Mine Drainage to Remove Heavy Metals and Sulfate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Chandra Bhuyan ◽  
Subrat Kumar Bhuyan ◽  
Himanshu Bhushan Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Cost

Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is the most severe environmental problem facing the mining sector in the current scenario because of low pH and high pollutants concentration. AMD contains a high amount of sulphate viz. pyrite, FeS2, and to a lesser extent pyrrhotite and heavy metal ions, contaminate both surface water and groundwater. To treat AMD, extensive research projects have been initiated by governments, the mining industry, universities, and research establishments. The environmental impact of AMD can be minimized at these basic levels; prevention should be taken to control the infiltration of groundwater to the pollution site and control the acid-generating process. There are some conventional active methods to treat AMD, such as compost reactor and packed bed iron-oxidation bioreactors; however, these methods have associated with costly material and high maintenance cost, which increases the cost of the entire treatment. In an alternative, the use of low-cost materials such as fly ash, metallurgical slag, zero-valent iron (ZVI), cement kiln dust (CKD), and organic waste such as peat humic agent (PHA), rice husk, and eggshell can be a valuable measure for economic viability to treat the metal-rich wastewater.

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