Effect of Variety and Stage of Maturity on Nutritive Value of Whole Crop Rice Silage for Ruminants: In situ Dry Matter and Nitrogen Degradability and Estimation of Metabolizable Energy and Metabolizable Protein

SUMMARYThe current study was conducted to determine chemical composition, nutrient content and availability, metabolizable energy (ME) content and nutritive value of sainfoin hay for ruminants. Three ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were used forin situandin vivoexperiments, to determine rumen degradability and digestibility of sainfoin hay. Apparent total tract digestibility of nutrients was determined with feeding of sainfoin hay as the sole diet to achieve 10% more than maintenance energy requirements. Six Zandi ewes were used in the palatability experiment. Means for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and condensed tannins (CTs) of sainfoin hay were: 940·4 g/kg and 93·43, 12·13, 47·87, 43·33 and 2·13 g/kg DM, respectively.In situeffective degradability of CP and DM were 0·38 and 0·54 g/g with a ruminal outflow rate of 0·05/h, respectively. OM apparent digestibility was in the range of 0·592–0·689, respectively, for Tilley & Terry and total faecal collection assays. ME content of sainfoin hay, according to different methods (gas production,in vitroandin vivodetermined digestible organic matter in dry matter (DOMD)) was in the range 6·87–10·11 MJ/kg DM. Metabolizable protein (MP) content was 483·4 g/kg CP. Sainfoin was more palatable than alfalfa for sheep. It was concluded that sainfoin has a potential use in ruminant rations, especially if environmental conditions are not suitable for alfalfa production.

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Nutritive value of sugarcane silages with different bacterial additives and fermentation periods

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940210212020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Ivone Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Francirose Shigaki ◽

Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽

Ana Paula Ribeiro Jesus ◽

Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Soluble Fraction ◽

B Value ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Acid Detergent Fiber ◽

Fermentation Period

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of sugarcane silage with or without inoculation with P. acidipropionici or L. buchneri, over three fermentation periods. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 3 x 3 inoculant by fermentation period factorial arrangement (without inoculant, inoculant 1, inoculant 2; x three fermentation periods, 10, 60, 90 days). Values of pH, dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose (HEM) and lignin were determined and in situ DM degradability profiles were modelled for parameters a, b and c, potential degradation (A) and effective degradability (ED). The 90 day fermentation yielded a lower pH for both inoculants. There was an interaction between inoculant and fermentation period (P < 0.05) for DM content, with a reduction in silage DM without the additive at 90 days. The CP, HEM, ADF and lignin contents of sugarcane were not influenced by the treatments. The addition of P. acidipropionici provided the lowest NDF content at 10 days and presented a higher fraction a, potential degradation and ED. At 60 days, there was no variation in soluble fraction, the control silage showed a higher fraction b, higher potential degradation and ED. At 90 days of fermentation, L. buchneri silages presented a higher fraction a, degradation rate and DE and a higher b value was obtained in the silage without inoculant. Inoculants are effective in maintaining the silage DM content and nutritional value during prolonged fermentation periods.

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Influence of maturity stage on in situ dry matter degradability of six maize varieties in fistulated sheep

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200004713 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 2001 ◽

pp. 89-89

Author(s):

M. A. Akbar ◽

P. Lebzien ◽

G. Flachowsky

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maturity Stage ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Maize Varieties ◽

Feed Value ◽

Two Stages

The fresh weight, dry matter (DM) contents and nutritional quality in maize vary considerably with variation in varieties, stages at which harvested, climatic conditions and agronomic factors. Recently, agronomists, nutritionists, and dairy producers have placed increased emphasis on factors affecting the nutritive value of maize. However, very little information is available on quantitative variability of the feed value of maize fodder as affected by such factors. This study was, therefore, carried out to assess the effect of harvesting of six different maize varieties at two stages (dates) of grain maturity on quality of both the stover and cobs.

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Effects of Crop Maturity, Weather Conditions and Cutting Height on Yield, Harvesting Losses and Nutritive Value of Cereal–Legume Mixtures Grown for Hay Production

Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1017/s0014479700017415 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 451-459 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Rihawi ◽

B. S. Capper ◽

A. E. Osman ◽

E. F. Thomson

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Standing Crop ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Cutting Height ◽

Crop Maturity ◽

Slight Damage

SUMMARYThe introduction of forage or hay crops into fallow land represents a means of increasing feed supplies for small ruminants in north Africa and west Asia. Such fallows lie between zones planted with food crops and traditional grazing areas. Mixtures of vetch with barley, oats or triticale, and peas with barley, were cut at the 10% flowering, 100% flowering (100F) and full pod (FP) stages of the legume component. Effects of crop maturity, weather conditions and cutting height on yield, the chemical composition of the standing crop and re-growth were measured. Barley–vetch mixtures yielded 8147 kg dry matter ha−1 of standing crop at the FP stage in 1983 but only 2283 kg dry matter ha−1 in 1984 under drought conditions. Hay yields were 4377 and 1640 kg dry matter ha−1, respectively. The highest yielding mixture, grown in 1983, was oat–vetch which yielded 8670 kg dry matter ha−1 of standing crop and 4285 kg dry matter ha−1 of hay at the FP stage. Cutting at the 100F or FP stage maximized dry matter yield and minimized the risk of rainfall prolonging hay making. Rain caused slight damage to some hays cut at early stages of maturity. Voluntary intakes and digestibilities of field-cured hays were determined. The voluntary intakes of triticale–vetch hay at the FP stage and all barley–pea hays were low compared with other hays. Hays contained sufficient estimated metabolizable energy (ME) for use in sheep diets during pregnancy and middle or late lactation. ME values averaged 9.2 megajoules per kg dry matter in both 1983 and 1984.

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Nutritional contents of processed Delonix regia seeds incubated in vitro with Pennisetum purpureum

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v45i1.376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 309-316

Author(s):

O. O. Olufayo ◽

O. O. Falola

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gas Production ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Pennisetum Purpureum ◽

Crude Fibre ◽

Delonix Regia ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility

The effect of processing on proximate, mineral, anti-nutritional compositions, gasproduction characteristics, methane production, predicted metabolizable energy, organic matter digestibility and short chain fatty acids production of Delonix regia seeds incubated with Pennisetum purpureum were determined. Five treatments (T1: mixture of soaked Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T2: mixture of raw Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T3: mixture of roasted Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum; T4: mixture of boiled Delonix regia seed and Pennisetum purpureum and T5:100% Pennisetum purpureum which serves as control) were designed. In vitro gas production techniques for 24 hours were used to determine the nutritive value of processed 50% Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum. The crude protein ranged from 13.38 to 15.71g/100g DM among the treatments while crude fibre was between 20.10 and 21.40g/100g DM, ether extract ranged from 1.90 to 3.12g/100g DM and ash 7.77 to 12.34g/100g DM. Calcium ranged from (2.34 - 3.61%), magnesium ranged (2.90 – 3.48%), sodium (2.05 – 2.91%) and phosphorus (0.88 – 1.12%). It was observed generally that T2 recorded the highest among the treatments while the values obtained for the heat treated seeds were lower than the raw. Oxalates ranged between (0.23% - 0.32%), phytates (0.29 – 0.43%), tannin (0.03 – 0.08%) and saponnin (0.36 – 0.49%). Methane (ml/200mg DM) production indicated T3 (50% roasted Delonix regia seed and 50% Pennisetum purpureum) was highest. The potential gas production 'a+b' ranged from 12.33 to 28.33mL/200mg DM). The highest potential gas production 'a+b' value of 28.33mL/200mg DM was obtained in T1 compared to other dietary treatment. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) ranged between 70.23 – 91.02% while the rate of fermentation was between 0.51 and 1.18ml/hr. The rate of fermentation was directly proportional to dry matter digestibility (DMD); the soaked recorded the highest value. Processing enhanced the nutritional contents of Delonix regia seeds. The result obtained showed that there were significant differences (p<0.05) among the treatments. In conclusion, soaking the seeds of Delonix regia had beter nutritional contents and has the potential for dry season feeding.

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Nutritive value and degradability in situ of dry matter elephant grass silages with addition of babassu meal

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2016.10948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (41) ◽

pp. 2269-2274

Author(s):

Alves de Araujo Ricardo ◽

Claudia Rodrigues Rosane ◽

dos Santos Costa Clesio ◽

Naysson Sousa Santos Francisco ◽

Magno Lima Galvao Carlos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Elephant Grass

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In situ digestibility and nutritive value of maize straw generated after Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a02-031 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 82 (4) ◽

pp. 617-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. Díaz-Godínez and C. Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Mushroom Cultivation ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Dry Matter Loss ◽

Maize Straw ◽

Diet Intake

The cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus on maize straw enhanced the nutritive value and the in situ digestibility of the straw. The addition of maize straw generated after mushroom cultivation to the diets of sheep increased the liveweight gain of the sheep and the efficiency of feed conversion of the straw. Key words: Daily voluntary diet intake, Pleurotus ostreatus cultivation, dry matter loss

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Nutritive value of red clover and lucerne forages for ruminants estimated by in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/6346-cjas ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 10) ◽

pp. 454-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P. Homolka ◽

V. Koukolová ◽

M. Podsedníček ◽

A. Hlaváčková

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Energy Levels ◽

Red Clover ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Net Energy ◽

Gross Energy ◽

Model Expression

The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient and energy levels of red clover and lucerne forage. Investigation of forage at different maturity stages of three growths was carried out by chemical analysis, in vitro and in vivo digestibility methods.  Generally, maturation caused a significant increase in fibre fractions. With the increasing maturity of forage samples the in vivo, in vitro, and calculated in vivo (in vivocalcul) digestibilities of organic matter (OM) linearly decreased. The in vitro and in vivocalcul digestibilities of OM averaged 0.754 and 0.708 for red clover and 0.717 and 0.667 for lucerne, respectively. The in vivo OM digestibility averaged 0.710 for red clover and 0.666 for lucerne. Gross energy (GE), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), net energy for lactation (NEL), and net energy for growth (NEG) averaged 18.12, 12.41, 9.60, 5.67, 5.50 and 18.09, 11.56, 9.01, 5.26, 4.99 MJ/kg of dry matter for red clover and lucerne, respectively. The effect of a vegetative stage on energy values of both forages was diverged for various growth times. When data were pooled across the estimated season, seven cutting-specific equations for descriptions of GE, DE, ME, NEL, NEG, in vitro, and in vivo OM digestibilities were obtained for red clover and lucerne, separately. The red clover model expression gave similar prediction equations for lucerne. It was possible to predict cutting-specific equations with coefficients of determination R2 > 0.719 for red clover and R2 > 0.400 for lucerne of the variation in GE, DE, ME, NEL, and NEG. The in vitro and in vivo OM digestibility equations were predicted with R2 being 0.840 (in vitro) and 0.707 (in vivo) for red clover, and 0.979 (in vitro) and 0.937 (in vivo) for lucerne. The parameters of these specific equations were statistically preferable than the general model expression which included both forages together.

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The nutritive value of silages

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19780116 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 205-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

N. C. Kelly ◽

P. C. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Research Council ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Broad Agreement ◽

Grass Silage ◽

Agricultural Research Council ◽

The Mean ◽

High Level

1. Two calorimetric experiments were conducted to study the utilization of energy in sheep given diets of grass silage or grass silage and barley. Three silages were investigated. One was made from first-harvest grass in the spring (S) and the others from regrowth cut either early or late in the autumn (E and L respectively). All were of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and preserved with formic acid. Each silage was given at two levels of feeding, the lower providing approximately a maintenance energy intake. The S and L silages were also given supplemented with barley.2. The digestibilities of organic matter, cellulose and energy in the silages were high. Measured at maintenance, digestible energy (de) contents (MJ/kg dry matter (dm)) were 11.83, 14.67 and 12.90 for S, E and L respectively. The de contents of the S and E silages were depressed at the higher level of feeding but the effect was offset by changes in the energy losses as methane and urine. Metabolizable energy (me) contents (MJ/kg dm) for the three silages, S, E and L were respectively 9.88, 12.54 and 10.73 at the low level of feeding and 9.91, 11.99 and 11.08 at the high level of feeding. The mean me content of barley calculated by difference was 13.76 MJ/kg dm.3. The mean efficiencies of utilization of me for maintenance (km) for the S, E and L silages were 0.69, 0.71 and 0.68 respectively. Corresponding values for fattening (kf) were 0.21, 0.57 and 0.59. Excepting the kf for the S silage which was low, observed efficiencies were in broad agreement with those predicted by the equations of the Agricultural Research Council (1965). Similar agreement was obtained with all diets consisting of silage and barley.

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Nutritional potentials and in vitro estimation of composite cocoa pod husk-based diets for ruminants

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0189-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oluwatosin Bode Omotoso

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Urea Solution ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Cocoa Pod Husk ◽

Cassava Peel

Abstract Background The use of cocoa pod husk in livestock nutrition is being limited because of its fibrous nature and anti-nutrients, which have detrimental effect(s) on the animals. This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritive value and effects of replacing urea-treated ensiled cocoa pod husk meal (urea-treated CPHM) with cassava peel in a complete concentrate diet (CCD) on in vitro digestibility and methane (CH4) production. Methods Urea-treated CPHM was prepared by soaking the raw milled pod in 5% urea solution under anaerobic condition for 7 days, and decanted and the filtrates were further ensiled for 28 days, dried, and were replaced with cassava peel meal in CCD at 0, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, and 15% on part basis. Feed samples (n = 3) were analyzed for chemical composition, and data generated from in vitro study were subjected to statistical analysis in a completely randomized design experiment. Results Results revealed that the treatment significantly reduced the crude fiber, fiber fraction contents, and anti-nutrients and improved the crude protein content of the pod by 71.84%. Dry matter and crude protein of the diets ranged from 89.34–89.71% and 10.52–12.84%, respectively. The in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased with increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM in the diets. With increasing levels of urea-treated CPHM, CH4 production relatively reduced as compared to diet E. Metabolizable energy (5.66 Kcal/g) of diet F was the highest. Therefore, the inclusion of urea-treated CPHM at 15% in CCDs has the potential for improving digestibility and reducing CH4 production in ruminants.

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