Archives of Afro-Affirmation

2018 ◽  
pp. 125-137
Author(s):  
Raj Chetty
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dominican Literature

Raj Chetty demonstrates that in the period following General Rafael Trujillo's assassination in 1961, literary and cultural journals published works that evidenced engagement with an African diaspora worldview decades before the massive wave of migration from the Dominican Republic to the United States. These works of twentieth-century Dominican literature engage with ideas of Dominican blackness and Dominican negritude against the backdrop of the Dominican Civil War.

The Anguish of Angola: On Becoming Independent in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
John A. Marcum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Black Africa

As the United States approaches its two-hundredth year of independence, Angola is entering upon its first. Fifteen years after most of Black Africa shed colonial rule, and fourteen after Angolan insurgents shattered the myth of multiracial harmony in Iusophone Africa, a total collapse of Portuguese authority has catapulted Angola to an uncertain nationhood born in chaos and civil war.

Chick-a-ma-feeno

Jockomo ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 75-108
Author(s):  
Shane Lief ◽  
John McCusker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Black Community ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Mardi Gras ◽  
Personal Histories

This chapter lays out several different narratives about the origins of Mardi Gras Indians. Some are based on oral histories shared among Mardi Gras Indians themselves, while others are based on various archives and newspaper accounts. The emergence of the Mardi Gras Indian tradition is set against the backdrop of the evolution of Mardi Gras as celebrated during the colonial period and beyond, after Louisiana had become part of the United States. The struggle for African American political power and social equality is another parallel thread for this narrative, especially as Mardi Gras Indian practices overlapped with other masking traditions and institutions in the Black community. The earliest known account of Mardi Gras Indians, identified as such, is analysed and the personal histories of the first known Mardi Gras Indians reveal connections to Black participation in the Civil War and continuing struggles during Reconstruction and through the early twentieth century.

“A verry poor place for our doctrine”: Religion and Race in the 1853 Mormon Mission to Jamaica

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Christopher Cannon Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Black Men ◽  
African Diaspora ◽  
The United States ◽  
Latter Day Saints ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Local Newspaper ◽  
The Temple

ABSTRACT This article examines the first Mormon mission to Jamaica in January 1853. The missionaries, facing opposition from both black and white Jamaicans, returned to the United States after only a month on the island, having made only four converts. Latter-day Saints did not return to Jamaica for another 125 years. Drawing on the missionaries’ personal papers, church archives, local newspaper reports, and governmental records, I argue that the 1853 mission played a crucial role in shaping nineteenth-century Mormonism's racial theology, including the “temple and priesthood ban” that restricted priesthood ordination and temple worship for black men and women. While historians have rightly noted the role twentieth-century missions to regions of the African Diaspora played in ending the ban, studies of the racial restriction's early scope have been discussed in almost exclusively American contexts. The mission to Jamaica, precisely because of its failure, helped shape the ban's implementation and theological justifications. Failing to make any inroads, the elders concluded that both Jamaica and its inhabitants were cursed and not worthy of the missionaries’ time, which anticipated later decisions to prioritize preaching to whites and to scale back and ultimately abandon efforts to proselytize people of African descent.

The Anguish of Angola: On Becoming Independent in the Last Quarter of the Twentieth Century

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
John A. Marcum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Black Africa

As the United States approaches its two-hundredth year of independence, Angola is entering upon its first. Fifteen years after most of Black Africa shed colonial rule, and fourteen after Angolan insurgents shattered the myth of multiracial harmony in Iusophone Africa, a total collapse of Portuguese authority has catapulted Angola to an uncertain nationhood born in chaos and civil war.

2. Regulation and exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-41
Author(s):  
David A. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Chinese Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Border Controls

The period from the end of the Civil War through the early 1920s is characterized by massive immigration, especially after the end of the depression of the 1890s, hostile reaction to large-scale immigration, and increasing centralized control of immigration by the state. The latter two trends were embedded in growing racial and nationality consciousness and the general trend toward the growth of the state and centralized bureaucracy. The results were efforts to tighten and systematize border controls and entrance procedures, exclusions of growing numbers of immigrants from Asia, beginning with most Chinese immigrants in 1882, and quota laws in the 1920s to severely restrict the entrance of southern, eastern, and central Europeans. The vast numbers of immigrants entering the country during this period of American modernization were central to the United States becoming the leading capitalist economy in the twentieth century.

Book Reviews: The Divine Politics of Thomas Hobbes: An Interpretation of Leviathan, Man and Technics: A Contribution to a Philosophy of Life, The Hour of Decision, Power, Law, Right, and Love: A Study in Political Values, Political Ideals, Nomos Vi: Justice, An Atheist's Values, The English Constitution, Our Parliament, What's Wrong with Parliament?, The Office of Speaker, Recruits to Labour: The British Labour Party 1914–1931, Education and Society in Modern France, Le Referendum Du 8 Avril 1962, Action Française: Royalism and Reaction in Twentieth-Century France, Laval: A Biography, Decision-Making in the White House, a Day in the Life of President Kennedy, Party and Representation: Legislative Politics in Pennsylvania, Nominating the President: The Politics of Convention Choice, American Business and Public Policy: The Politics of Foreign Trade, State Government in Transition: Reforms of the Leader Administration, 1955–1959, Major Governments of Asia, Communist Strategies in Asia, a Cross-Polity Survey, British Foreign Policy. The Process of Readjustment, 1945–1961, Soviet Foreign Policy after Stalin, The Mrp and French Foreign Policy, Foreign Policy of Poland, 1919–1939, Austria, Germany and the Anschluss, 1931–1938, Alliance against Hitler. The Origins of the Franco-Soviet Pact, Land and Power. British and Allied Policy on Germany's Frontiers, 1916–1919, Deutschland Und Amerika, 1918–1929. Über Das Deutsche Amerikabild Der Zwanziger Jahre, Spain and the Great Powers, 1936–41, The Policy of Simmering: A Study of British Policy during the Spanish Civil War, 1936–39, Britain Divided: The Effect of the Spanish Civil War on British Political Opinion, Arms and Stability in Europe, Strategic Mobility, Building the Atlantic World, The End of Alliance, Nato and the Defense of the West, The Future of the Atlantic Community, The Debatable Alliance, The Atlantic Alliance: A Short Political Guide, The Atlantic Community: Progress and Prospects, The United States and the Unity of Europe, Community and Contention: Britain and America in the Twentieth Century, Britain and the United States, Canada-United States Treaty Relations, National Leadership and Foreign Policy, United States Aid to Yugoslavia and Poland, The Ideas of American Foreign Policy, America's Failure in China 1941–50, Mao against Khruschev: A Short History of the Sino-Soviet Conflict, Iceland Extends its Fishery Limits, Africa in the United Nations, The Frontiers of International Law, Law, Freedom and Welfare, Law, Morality, and War in the Contemporary World, The United Nations Emergency Force, Peace-Keeping by U.N. Forces, International Conciliation—With Special Reference to the Work of the United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, The Ad Hoc Diplomat

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-439
Author(s):  
Dorothy Lemmet ◽  
M. Masterson ◽  
D. J. Bentley ◽  
Brian C. Smith ◽  
Leslie Wolf-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Civil War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Business ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Atlantic Community

The Insidious Momentum of American Mass Incarceration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin E. Zimring
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mass Incarceration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Single Generation ◽  
American Life ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Or Practice

The phenomenal growth of penal confinement in the United States in the last quarter of the twentieth century is still a public policy mystery. Why did it happen when it happened? What explains the unprecedented magnitude of prison and jail expansion? Why are the current levels of penal confinement so very close to the all-time peak rate reached in 2007? What is the likely course of levels of penal confinement in the next generation of American life? Are there changes in government or policy that can avoid the prospect of mass incarceration as a chronic element of governance in the United States? This study is organized around four major concerns: What happened in the 33 years after 1973? Why did these extraordinary changes happen in that single generation? What is likely to happen to levels of penal confinement in the next three decades? What changes in law or practice might reduce this likely penal future?

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document