@Bristol

Living Cargo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Blevins
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Community Activists ◽  
Political Protests ◽  
Corporate Investors ◽  
Public Cultures ◽  
The City

The sixth and final chapter of Living Cargo concludes with an interrogation of urban regeneration in the city of Bristol, situating the neoliberal city’s alliance with private real estate investors and corporate investors in relation to the concurrent campaigns by black community activists that the city acknowledge its historical involvement in the transatlantic slave trade and that it reorient economic redevelop for the benefit of communities struggling against that historical legacy. The chapter looks at artists Hew Locke and Graham Mortimer Evelyn alongside political protests, street actions, and popular uprisings that raise fundamental questions about state, civic, and institutional responsibility to the past, and laid the groundwork for a transformation of its public cultures.

Ahmed Bâba at-Timbuktî

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamadou Adama
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Administrative Positions ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Religious Identification ◽  
Legal Opinions ◽  
The City

Ahmed Bâba (1556–1627) was among the most prolific and the most celebrated of Timbuktu scholars of the 16th and 17th centuries. During his childhood he was educated and trained in Arabic law and Islamic sciences by his father, Ahmad, and other relatives. His principal teacher, the man he named the regenerator (al-mujaddid), was the Juula scholar Mohammed Baghayogho al-Wangarî, whose teaching he followed for more than ten years. Following the Moroccan occupation of Timbuktu in 1591, he was exiled to Marrakesh in 1594 and jailed for two years before he was released but obliged to remain in the city for many years. He was widely known both for his teaching and for the fatwas (legal opinions) he issued. He was offered administrative positions but declined them all in favor of teaching. In 1608, he was permitted to return to his hometown, Timbuktu, where he continued to write and teach until his death in 1627, but he held no public office there. His special field of competence was jurisprudence. He was also recognized for his abilities in hadith and wrote several works on Arabic grammar. He is probably best known for his biographical compendium of Mâlikî (founded by Malik ibn Anas died A.D. 795 is orthodox school of Muslim jurisprudence predominating in Sudanic Africa and the Maghreb) scholars, Nayl al-Ibtihâj bi tadrîs ad-dibâdj, a valuable supplement for the Western Islamic world to Ibn Farhûn’s ad-Dibâj al-Mudhahhab. His work specifically addresses issues relating to the significance of racial and ethnic categories as factors in the justification of enslavement. In the Bilâd as-Sûdân, Ahmed Bâba influenced the debate over slavery by relying on interpretations of Islamic precedent, which was invoked to protect freeborn individuals from enslavement. By extension, he impacted the transatlantic slave trade on the basis of religious identification with Islam and the desire to avoid the sale of slaves to non-Muslims, especially Christian Europeans on the coast of West Africa.

Introduction: the historical legacy of suburbs in South Asia

Urban History ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
SWATI CHATTOPADHYAY
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Historical Legacy ◽  
The City ◽  
Indian Cities

The edges of Indian cities have become nebulous, their morphology uncertain. They appear to extend for miles in Mumbai and Kolkata as an ‘assorted chaos’ of middle-class residences, slums and bazaars, blurring into smaller provincial towns. The latter seem to distinguish themselves through the sameness of their ‘taste for strident politics, violent films, ostentatious architecture, lewd music, rumour-mongering newspapers and overcooked food’. The stretch between Delhi and Gurgaon is a series of real estate fictions of spurious capital and inadequate infrastructure. Spurred by the liberalization of the economy in the early 1990s and supported by state policies that have lifted many of the restrictions on rent and land use, the structural transformation of Indian metropolises manifests itself on the edges of the city as a struggle between vast slums and corporate developers’ vision of up-scale real estate, between landscapes of rice and wheat fields and expanding airports and golfing greens.

Slavery Memorials

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Anny-Dominique Curtius
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Meaningful Use ◽  
Middle Passage ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Naked Body ◽  
The City

This essay focuses on the beheaded statue of Empress Joséphine along with visual and performance artist Sarah Trouche’s reappropriations of the politically motivated beheading, the Memorial Cap 110 Mémoire et Fraternité, and the traveling Memorial of the Names of Abolition. The study contends that these memorials encapsulate the entangled history and memory of the transatlantic slave trade and slavery, and interrogate the traditional definition of archives, museums and the institutionalized aesthetics of marble memorials. Hence, the statue of Joséphine is examined as a palimpsestic memorial because of the ideological repurposing of the city scape surrounding the statue, as well as Sarah Trouche’s meaningful use of her naked body as a theatrical canvass to map out cogent solidarities about the turbulent memory of slavery. The historical distinctiveness of the Cap110 Memorial is explored for its power to serve as an intangible witness to the Middle Passage and excavate from under the beauty of its natural environment traces of historical turbulence. As palimpsestic anarchives and post-museums, the Cap110 Memorial along with the Memorial of the Names of the Abolition foster post and decolonial performances of remembrance.

scholarly journals "Por sua liberdade me oferece uma escrava": alforrias por substituição na Bahia, 1800-1850

Afro-Ásia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João José Reis
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Center Stage ◽  
Urban Slavery ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Trading Networks ◽  
The City

<p>O artigo discute a alforria por substituição, modalidade em que o escravo trocava sua liberdade dando em troca outro escravo, tornando-se, pelo menos temporariamente, um senhor de escravos escravizado. Os dados derivam de mais de 400 casos de alforrias registradas nos tabeliães de Salvador, destacando a cidade como local no Brasil em que esse tipo de alforria foi mais usado. O artigo relaciona a substituição ao volume do tráfico transatlântico, à escravidão urbana e ao acesso a redes do tráfico pelos escravos que investiam em outros escravos. Uma das possíveis explicações para o fenômeno vem da natureza da escravidão na parte da África onde se originava a maioria dos cativos baianos, onde a posse de escravos por outros escravos era prática comum. Mas a relação senhor/escravo ganha o centro da cena. Sendo a concessão da alforria prerrogativa senhorial, da mesma forma o era a licença para cativos formarem uma poupança para comprar seus substitutos. Discute-se as negociações entre senhores e alforriados, apontando circunstâncias envolvidas. Vários aspectos da negociação são revelados através de exemplos concretos. O artigo traça, entre outros achados quantitativos, os perfis étnico (com predominância de nagôs) e por gênero (com predominância de mulheres), tanto entre substitutos como entre substituídos, vinculando esse resultado à direção do fluxo do tráfico e à dinâmica do trabalho de ganho na cidade.</p><p>“For Her Freedom, She Offers me a Slave”: Manumission by Substitution in Bahia, 1800-1850</p><p>The article discusses manumission by substitution, in which a slave bought his/her freedom giving another slave in exchange, thus becoming, temporarily at least, an enslaved slaveowner. The data derives from more than 400 letters of manumission registered by public notaries in Salvador, making the city a leader in this type of manumission in Brazil. The article relates substitutions to the volume of the transatlantic slave trade, to urban slavery, and access to slave trading networks by the slaves who acquired captives. A possible explanation for the phenomenon is that in the part of Africa where most Bahian slaves originated, possession of slaves by other slaves was a common practice. But in Bahia master-slave relations gains center stage. The concession of manumission was the master’s prerogative, and so was permission for a slave to amass savings and use them to buy another slave. Negotiations between masters and slaves are discussed on the basis of concrete cases. Among other quantitative findings, the article also traces the ethnic (predominantly Nagô) and gender (predominantly female) profiles of both the substitutes and those they substituted, linking the results to both the direction of the slave trade and the dynamics of urban slavery.</p>Slave trade and urban slavery | Manumission by substitution | Nineteenth-century Bahia, Brazil

scholarly journals Urban Growth, Real Estate Development and Indigenous Property: Simulating the Expansion Process in the City of Temuco, Chile

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Francisco Maturana ◽  
Mauricio Morales ◽  
Fernando Peña-Cortés ◽  
Marco A. Peña ◽  
Carlos Vielma
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Real Estate Development ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Scenario ◽  
The City

Urbanization is spreading across the world and beyond metropolitan areas. Medium-sized cities have also undergone processes of accelerated urban expansion, especially in Latin America, thanks to scant regulation or a complete lack thereof. Thus, understanding urban growth in the past and simulating it in the future has become a tool to raise its visibility and challenge territorial planners. In this work, we use Markov chains, cellular automata, multi-criteria multi-objective evaluation, and the determination of land use/land cover (LULC) to model the urban growth of the city of Temuco, Chile, a paradigmatic case because it has experienced powerful growth, where real estate development pressures coexist with a high natural value and the presence of indigenous communities. The urban scenario is determined for the years 2033 and 2049 based on the spatial patterns between 1985 and 2017, where the model shows the trend of expansion toward the northeast and significant development in the western sector of the city, making them two potential centers of expansion and conflict in the future given the heavy pressure on lands that are indigenous property and have a high natural value, aspects that need to be incorporated into future territorial planning instruments.

African Slavery and Spanish Empire

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
African Descent ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Transatlantic Slave Trade ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Racial Slavery

This article traces a philosophical shift that opened the door to a new departure in eighteenth-century Spanish empire: a newly emerging sense that the slave trade and African slavery were essential to the wealth of nations. Contextualizing this ideological reconfiguration within mid-eighteenth century debates, this article draws upon the works of political economists and royal councilors in Madrid and puts them in conversation with the words and actions of individuals in and from Cuba, including people of African descent themselves. Because of the central place of the island in eighteenth-century imperial rivalry and reform, as well as its particular demographic situation, Cuba served as a catalyst for these debates about the place of African slavery and the transatlantic slave trade in Spanish empire. Ultimately, between the mid-eighteenth century and the turn of the nineteenth, this new mode of thought would lead to dramatic transformations in the institution of racial slavery and Spanish imperial political economy.

The Building of the Lafayette Theatre

1974 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Robert Montilla
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Real Estate ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Bar Association ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The Lafayette Theatre of New York was built and owned by Charles W. Sandford (1796–1878), a colorful and sometimes eccentric personality, whose careers in law, business, and the military, combined with a personal predilection for pomp and display, made him a prominent member of New York's society. As a businessman, Sandford made and lost “several fortunes” in the course of his eventful life in a variety of financial speculations that included investments in real estate, hardware, and theatres. Most of these ended disastrously for him, but his ventures accrued enough profit to allow him to live stylishly all his life, entertain every prominent guest of the city and, on his death in 1878, leave his family a “comfortable competency.” As a lawyer, Sandford handled several celebrated cases and, being generally considered “among the finest” members of his profession, was eventually named vice-president of the New York Bar Association. But it was in his career as a soldier that his love for horses, parades, and gilded uniforms was most manifest and which led Sandford to erect the first full-scale equestrian theatre in America.

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