REDUCING FUEL USAGE AND CO2 EMISSIONS FROM TUG BOAT FLEETS: SEA TRIALS AND THEORETICAL MODELLING

Sea trials on a harbour tug have been conducted and are explained. The experimental results for fuel consumption per unit transport effort, under free-running (transiting) conditions, are presented and engine speed-propulsor pitch combinations for improved fuel economy are identified. A simplified analytical approach to predict fuel consumption, including the coupled engine-propulsor-hull system, is described. This rationale is combined with experimental observations and, consequently, performance maps present the complete operating envelopes of the harbour tug under both free-running and towing conditions. This combined approach proved to be effective and can be applied to the study of other tug vessels. As a consequence of this research, the engine control system on the harbour tug was modified to permit it to operate fully within the region of best fuel economy during free-running. The results from the bollard-pull predictions provide insight for the design and operation of harbour tugs in the future.

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Series valve speed control system: A new type of spark ignition engine speed control system without throttle

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part D Journal of Automobile Engineering ◽

10.1177/0954407018759410 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 233 (5) ◽

pp. 1345-1351

Author(s):

Peiyan Sun ◽

Xiang Li ◽

Changzhong Man ◽

Yunbang Tang ◽

Yi Wan

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Power Efficiency ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Speed Control ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Fuel Consumption Rate ◽

Speed Control System

Spark ignition engines perform with low power efficiency and low fuel economy for which the throttling loss is the main reason. This paper introduces a new kind of intake control system-series valve speed control system that consists of two intake valves connected in series. It is operated without throttle to reduce the engine intake loss and thereby improve fuel economy under medium- and low-load working conditions. Through experiments, we confirm that compared with the basal spark ignition engine, the spark ignition engine with series valve speed control system can reduce fuel consumption, and the maximum fuel consumption rate can be increased up to 12% at the engine speed of 3000 r/min.

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Combining Diesel Generators With Ultracapacitors to Enhance Stability and Reliability

Volume 6A: Energy ◽

10.1115/imece2014-37930 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

M. Averbukh ◽

A. Kuperman ◽

G. Geula ◽

S. Gadelovitch ◽

V. Yuhimenko

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Diesel Generator ◽

Load Power ◽

Light Load ◽

Wide Range ◽

Auxiliary Power Units ◽

Diesel Generators

Diesel generator based auxiliary power units (DG-APU) are widely used in different civil and military applications. Fuel economy and service life are probably the most important issues concerning their operation. Controlling engine throttle position in accordance with the load power allows regulating fuel supply to the engine to optimize fuel consumption. Despite the advantage of the method, control stability is sacrificed in case of light load operation as follows. When the DG-APU is running with a light load, engine throttle position should be nearly closed in order to minimize fuel consumption. If a load step is applied in such situation, engine velocity may drop sharply until complete stop because of insufficient control system bandwidth. This is why velocity and throttle position of a DG-APU should not be decreased below some level even if load power is low to maintain reliability at the expense of increased specific fuel consumption. Moreover, for small diesel-generators the throttle position is usually fixed. Thereby, relatively wide range load power variations (typical for many of diesel-generator applications) cause excessive fuel consumption. The situation may be sufficiently improved by connecting ultracapacitors (UC) on the DG-APU output terminals, introducing additional inertia allowing smoothing engine velocity decrease during a sudden load increase thus providing more time to the control system to regulate throttle position. As a result, DG-APU would be operated much more efficiently at light loads without sacrificing stability. Moreover, the UC may be used at as starter motor power source, removing starting stress from electrochemical batteries. Present work investigates the improvements in UC-supported DG-APU fuel efficiency and stability compared to conventional technical solutions. The research is based on mathematical modeling of the entire system, verified by experiments. The results support the presented ideas and quantitatively demonstrate the improved fuel economy and reliability of small DG-APUs.

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Engine Speed Control System for Improving the Fuel Efficiency of Agricultural Tractors for Plowing Operations

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9183898 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (18) ◽

pp. 3898 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jin Woong Lee ◽

Su Chul Kim ◽

Jooseon Oh ◽

Woo-Jin Chung ◽

Hyun-Woo Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Fuel Efficiency ◽

Speed Control ◽

Average Error ◽

Speed Controller ◽

Actual Load ◽

Speed Control System

This study was conducted to develop a load-sensitive engine speed control system to maximize the fuel efficiency of an agricultural tractor. The engine speed controller was developed through a model-based design approach using a tractor simulation model. The simulated engine speed and torque values were measured with an average error range of 1.4–4.9% compared to results obtained from field experiments. Using the tractor model, the gain parameters of the proportional–integral (PI) controller were optimized under the step, ramp, and actual load conditions. The simulation results using the actual load showed that the engine speed could be adjusted to within 2–3% of the desired value using the proposed engine speed controller. The throttle control system was constructed using four parts of a tractor engine, a microprocessor with an engine speed control algorithm, a throttle actuator, and a data acquisition system. Using the developed system, the operating engine speed values showed an average 1.17 % error compared to the desired engine speed. Three fuel efficiency parameters were used for evaluating the fuel-saving performance of the control system: specific volumetric fuel consumption (SVFC), fuel consumption per tilled area (FCA), and fuel consumption per work hour (FC). The values for SVFC, FCA, and FC obtained from the engine speed control system during plowing operations were 23.03–57.87%, 4.11–42.06%, and −7.24–38.48%, respectively, showing an improvement over the same operations without the control system.

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Computation of Overdrive Gear Ratio in Vehicle Gearbox With Considering Fuel Economy and Gearbox Specifications

ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Volume 3 ◽

10.1115/esda2010-24925 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

R. Ghafoori Ahangar ◽

M. R. Meigounpoory ◽

A. Eskandari

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Fuel Economy ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Rotational Velocity ◽

Gear Ratio ◽

Effective Parameters ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Engine Torque ◽

Effective Velocity ◽

Vehicle Engine

In this article, the gear ratio of RD (An Iranian made car by Iran Khodro Co.) vehicle gearbox with considering fuel economy and gearbox specifications is evaluated. In the first step, the gearbox advantages and its effects on the engine rotational velocity with considering road load and engine torque are investigated. It is distinguished that in a specified velocity of vehicle, engine speed in overdrive state is very lower than engine speed in fourth gear. It means that noise and fuel consumption and engine wearing and damages will be decreased. The optimized region of engine operation is identified. Using a geometric progression between automotive gear ratios and entering number of effective parameters such as specific fuel consumption, minimum mean effective velocity, and etc., overdrive gear ratio is computed. Finally the overdrive gear ratio is chosen 0.81 for vehicle.

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A Predictive Model of Artificial Neural Network for Fuel Consumption in Engine Control System

Multidisciplinary Approaches to Neural Computing - Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-56904-8_21 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 213-222

Author(s):

Khurshid Aliev ◽

Sanam Narejo ◽

Eros Pasero ◽

Jamshid Inoyatkhodjaev

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Artificial Neural Network ◽

Control System ◽

Predictive Model ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Engine Control ◽

Engine Control System ◽

Artificial Neural

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Designing and Simulating the Engine Speed Governor for Helicopter Applications

Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery ◽

10.1115/95-gt-158 ◽

1995 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T. H. Wong

Keyword(s):

Control System ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Notch Filter ◽

Electronic Control ◽

Engine Control System ◽

Speed Governor ◽

Power Turbine ◽

Compensation Technique ◽

Turbine Speed ◽

Turboshaft Engine

Designing a turboshaft engine speed governor of a typical helicopter application for digital electronic engine controls is presented. In the transition from hydromechanical to electronic control of the power turbine speed governing, the importance of using the notch filter compensation technique to accomplish a stable and wide bandwidth speed governor is discussed. Emphasis will be placed on designing the power turbine speed governor for steepest descent autorotation recovery maneuver which is considered especially challenging to the integration of engines in operational helicopters. Simulation of the integrated airframe/engine/control system is also presented.

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Using Quantile Regression to Analyze the Relationship between Socioeconomic Indicators and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in G20 Countries

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13137011 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 7011

Author(s):

Abdulaziz A. Alotaibi ◽

Naif Alajlan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Quantile Regression ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Co2 Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuel ◽

Trade Openness ◽

Policy Coordination ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Control Variables ◽

Fossil Fuel Consumption

Numerous studies addressed the impacts of social development and economic growth on the environment. This paper presents a study about the inclusive impact of social and economic factors on the environment by analyzing the association between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and two socioeconomic indicators, namely, Human Development Index (HDI) and Legatum Prosperity Index (LPI), under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework. To this end, we developed a two-stage methodology. At first, a multivariate model was constructed that accurately explains CO2 emissions by selecting the appropriate set of control variables based on model quality statistics. The control variables include GDP per capita, urbanization, fossil fuel consumption, and trade openness. Then, quantile regression was used to empirically analyze the inclusive relationship between CO2 emissions and the socioeconomic indicators, which revealed many interesting results. First, decreasing CO2 emissions was coupled with inclusive socioeconomic development. Both LPI and HDI had a negative marginal relationship with CO2 emissions at quantiles from 0.2 to 1. Second, the EKC hypothesis was valid for G20 countries during the study period with an inflection point around quantile 0.15. Third, the fossil fuel consumption had a significant positive relation with CO2 emissions, whereas urbanization and trade openness had a negative relation during the study period. Finally, this study empirically indicates that effective policies and policy coordination on broad social, living, and economic dimensions can lead to reductions in CO2 emissions while preserving inclusive growth.

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