Combining Diesel Generators With Ultracapacitors to Enhance Stability and Reliability

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Averbukh ◽  
A. Kuperman ◽  
G. Geula ◽  
S. Gadelovitch ◽  
V. Yuhimenko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Load Power ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Auxiliary Power Units ◽  
Diesel Generators

Diesel generator based auxiliary power units (DG-APU) are widely used in different civil and military applications. Fuel economy and service life are probably the most important issues concerning their operation. Controlling engine throttle position in accordance with the load power allows regulating fuel supply to the engine to optimize fuel consumption. Despite the advantage of the method, control stability is sacrificed in case of light load operation as follows. When the DG-APU is running with a light load, engine throttle position should be nearly closed in order to minimize fuel consumption. If a load step is applied in such situation, engine velocity may drop sharply until complete stop because of insufficient control system bandwidth. This is why velocity and throttle position of a DG-APU should not be decreased below some level even if load power is low to maintain reliability at the expense of increased specific fuel consumption. Moreover, for small diesel-generators the throttle position is usually fixed. Thereby, relatively wide range load power variations (typical for many of diesel-generator applications) cause excessive fuel consumption. The situation may be sufficiently improved by connecting ultracapacitors (UC) on the DG-APU output terminals, introducing additional inertia allowing smoothing engine velocity decrease during a sudden load increase thus providing more time to the control system to regulate throttle position. As a result, DG-APU would be operated much more efficiently at light loads without sacrificing stability. Moreover, the UC may be used at as starter motor power source, removing starting stress from electrochemical batteries. Present work investigates the improvements in UC-supported DG-APU fuel efficiency and stability compared to conventional technical solutions. The research is based on mathematical modeling of the entire system, verified by experiments. The results support the presented ideas and quantitatively demonstrate the improved fuel economy and reliability of small DG-APUs.

scholarly journals Experimental Analysis of Calculation of Fuel Consumption Rate by On-Road Mileage in a 2.0 L Gasoline-Fueled Passenger Vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyuk Lim ◽  
Yumin Lee ◽  
Kiho Kim ◽  
Jinwook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traffic Conditions ◽  
Fuel Consumption Rate ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Consumption Value

The five-driving test mode is vehicle driving cycles made by the Environment Protection Association (EPA) in the United States of America (U.S.A.) to fully reflect actual driving environments. Recently, fuel consumption value calculated from the adjusted fuel consumption formula has been more effective in reducing the difference from that experienced in real-world driving conditions, than the official fuel efficiency equation used in the past that only considered the driving environment included in FTP and HWFET cycles. There are many factors that bring about divergence between official fuel consumption and that experienced by drivers, such as driving pattern behavior, accumulated mileage, driving environment, and traffic conditions. In this study, we focused on the factor of causing change of fuel efficiency value, calculated according to how many environmental conditions that appear on the real-road are considered, in producing the fuel consumption formula, and that of the vehicle’s accumulated mileage in a 2.0 L gasoline-fueled vehicle. So, the goals of this research are divided into four major areas to investigate divergence in fuel efficiency obtained from different equations, and what factors and how much CO2 and CO emissions that are closely correlated to fuel efficiency change, depending on the cumulative mileage of the vehicle. First, the fuel consumption value calculated from the non-adjusted formula, was compared with that calculated from the corrected fuel consumption formula. Also, how much CO2 concentration levels change as measured during each of the three driving cycles was analyzed as the vehicle ages. In addition, since the US06 driving cycle is divided into city mode and highway mode, how much CO2 and CO production levels change as the engine ages during acceleration periods in each mode was investigated. Finally, the empirical formula was constructed using fuel economy values obtained when the test vehicle reached 6500 km, 15,000 km, and 30,000 km cumulative mileage, to predict how much fuel consumption of city and highway would worsen, when mileage of the vehicle is increased further. When cumulative mileage values set in this study were reached, experiments were performed by placing the vehicle on a chassis dynamometer, in compliance with the carbon balance method. A key result of this study is that fuel economy is affected by various fuel consumption formula, as well as by aging of the engine. In particular, with aging aspects, the effect of an aging engine on fuel efficiency is insignificant, depending on the load and driving situation.

Study of the Fuel Consumption of ECMS Applied to a HEV

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 2173-2178
Author(s):  
Ping Sun ◽  
Xiu Min Yu ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Ling He
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Energy Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Analytical Formulation ◽  
Multiple Power

Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) is integrated with the engine, the motor and the battery and so on. HEV has a significantly better fuel efficiency compared with conventional vehicles due to its multiple power sources. To evaluate fuel economy, HEV and its subsystem modeling methodologies were provided through the analysis of energy flow. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was built based on the prototype. The ECMS implementation analytical formulation was developed. The equivalency factor, one for charging and the other for discharging, each of them was different during a driving cycle. In a certain drive, only a subset of them generates a trend close to zero, which indicates charge-sustainability.

Forecasting Class I Railroad Fuel Consumption by Train Type

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290
Author(s):  
Denver Tolliver ◽  
Pan Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Average Efficiency ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Efficiency Factors ◽  
System Average

Fuel efficiency is an important consideration in evaluating public-sector investments in multimodal corridors. Two approaches are typically used in corridor studies to forecast railroad diesel fuel consumption: (1) system-average efficiency factors, and (2) detailed analytical estimates derived from train performance calculators. The former method is easy to apply but may not be reflective of the actual mix of trains used. The second method is data- and time-intensive and can only be effectively implemented with specialized software that is not publicly available. An intermediate method is introduced in this paper which allows distinctions among the types of trains that might be utilized in a corridor (e.g., unit, way, and through). A model is estimated from publicly available data that has excellent statistical properties and quantifies the absolute and relative fuel efficiencies of train options. The analysis demonstrates that using system-average fuel consumption factors may significantly understate railroad fuel economy when traffic moves in unit trains instead of mixed train service. The new method offers greater accuracy than system-average comparisons yet is much less data-intensive than train performance calculators or analytical methods.

Improving Fuel Economy Estimates on a Chassis Dynamometer Using Air Conditioner Correction Factors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Alejandro M. Reyes ◽  
Edwin N. Quiros
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Chassis Dynamometer ◽  
Additional Fuel Consumption ◽  
Additional Fuel

Abstract Carmakers, regulatory agencies, and consumers share an interest in accurately determining a vehicle’s fuel efficiency under operating conditions that match the expected use. Previous studies have shown that a vehicle’s air conditioning (A/C) system is the most energy-intensive non-propulsive system and significantly reduces fuel economy. This study aims to design and validate a new method of improving fuel economy estimates obtained on non-climate-controlled chassis dynamometers, as such laboratories are limited to measuring fuel economy with the A/C system deactivated. The methodology proposed herein uses a chassis dynamometer to measure the fuel economy penalty caused by the A/C system at different steady-state conditions. The hypothesis is that these penalties can be imposed accordingly for a given drive cycle to obtain an additional fuel consumption due to A/C. To validate the proposed methodology, a vehicle was outfitted with a data acquisition system and was driven 50 times around a predefined route using varying A/C settings. The proposed method was then used to estimate the additional fuel consumption due to A/C usage for each of the runs. Comparing the calculated and actual fuel economies showed an average error of 1.924%. It was concluded that the proposed methodology is a viable alternative to existing procedures.

Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on Fuel Consumption

1981 ◽  
Vol 195 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Nakajima ◽  
K Sugihara ◽  
Y Takagi ◽  
S Muranaka
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Light Load ◽  
Combustion Duration ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
Burn Through

The effects of EGR on fuel consumption were analysed quantitatively in terms of factors improving and deteriorating fuel economy through experiments as well as thermodynamic calculations. To examine the effects of combustion duration on fuel economy under heavy EGR, experiments were performed with three engine variations. In calculation models, changes in specific heats, heat transfer rate, and dissociation rate caused by changes in gas temperature were considered. In conclusion, it may be stated that reductions of pumping loss, cooling loss, and dissociation were found to be improving factors, where the contribution ratio was approximately 4.5:4.0:1.5. The sum of calculated fuel economy gain increased steadily as the EGR increased, and reached more than 10 per cent at a 20 per cent EGR under light load condition. On the other hand, a major deteriorating factor was found to be a combustion fluctuation. This combustion fluctuation could be significantly reduced by achieving a ‘fast burn’ through increased turbulence and/or dual point ignition.

scholarly journals Engine Speed Control System for Improving the Fuel Efficiency of Agricultural Tractors for Plowing Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Woong Lee ◽  
Su Chul Kim ◽  
Jooseon Oh ◽  
Woo-Jin Chung ◽  
Hyun-Woo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Speed Control ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Actual Load ◽  
Speed Control System

This study was conducted to develop a load-sensitive engine speed control system to maximize the fuel efficiency of an agricultural tractor. The engine speed controller was developed through a model-based design approach using a tractor simulation model. The simulated engine speed and torque values were measured with an average error range of 1.4–4.9% compared to results obtained from field experiments. Using the tractor model, the gain parameters of the proportional–integral (PI) controller were optimized under the step, ramp, and actual load conditions. The simulation results using the actual load showed that the engine speed could be adjusted to within 2–3% of the desired value using the proposed engine speed controller. The throttle control system was constructed using four parts of a tractor engine, a microprocessor with an engine speed control algorithm, a throttle actuator, and a data acquisition system. Using the developed system, the operating engine speed values showed an average 1.17 % error compared to the desired engine speed. Three fuel efficiency parameters were used for evaluating the fuel-saving performance of the control system: specific volumetric fuel consumption (SVFC), fuel consumption per tilled area (FCA), and fuel consumption per work hour (FC). The values for SVFC, FCA, and FC obtained from the engine speed control system during plowing operations were 23.03–57.87%, 4.11–42.06%, and −7.24–38.48%, respectively, showing an improvement over the same operations without the control system.

scholarly journals INCREASING MICROGRID ENERGY EFFICIENCY WITH DIESEL GENERATORS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Denysiuk ◽  
I. Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Dynamic Change ◽  
Optimization Criterion ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Diesel Generators ◽  
The Cost

It is shown that increasing the energy efficiency of Microgrid with diesel generators requires solving the problem of optimizing the modes of operation of Microgrid using as an optimization criterion for reducing the consumption of primary fuel diesel generators. To study the energy efficiency of such types of Microgrid as a criterion that has a direct impact on the amount of electricity generated, selected adequate accounting of primary fuel consumption when generating a given amount of electricity in the system. The article determines that one of the important indicators of diesel generator sets is their efficiency, which is determined by the ratio of energy produced to fuel consumption per hour of operation at rated load. It is shown that the reduction of fuel consumption allows to increase the efficiency of diesel generators, and different types of steady and transient modes of diesel generators significantly affect the efficiency of Microgrid in terms of technical and financial efficiency. To improve the technical and economic indicators in Microgrid with diesel generators, the article proposes to use the electric cost model of the power generation system, which allows to calculate both the dynamic change of generated power and the dynamic change of its cost and the cost of primary fuel. This model allows flexible nonlinear tracking of fuel consumption, which, taking into account the cost of diesel fuel, can serve as an economic criterion for determining the energy efficiency of the generating system. The article presents an algorithm for evaluating the financial and technical performance of Microgrid in dynamic modes over a period of technology, which not only evaluates the economic and energy efficiency of Microgrid with diesel generators, but can also be used to modify Smart meters, which can significantly expand their functionality.

scholarly journals Study on the Variable Speed Diesel Generator and Effects on Structure Vibration Behavior in the DC Grid

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12049
Author(s):  
Quang Dao Vuong ◽  
Jongsu Kim ◽  
Jae-Hyuk Choi ◽  
Jae-ung Lee ◽  
Ji-woong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Structure Vibration

Global warming and air pollutants are in general major worldwide concerns including for the marine shipping industry. Equipped with new technologies, the onboard DC grid has proven several advantages, including up to 27% reduction in specific fuel consumption with reduced emissions. That can be achieved by installing an optimized variable speed diesel generator. The engine speed is adjusted according to the required power, which allows to always keep the best efficiency of the combustion process. However, it also exposes some changes in the behavior of the structure vibrations. Measurements on an experimental variable speed diesel generator show that vibration increases when trying to slow down the engine for the same load. This behavior is closely related to the resonance in low rev range that usually occurs with general gensets. In other words, we can conclude that the DC grid’s variable speed generator may be beneficial for fuel efficiency, but not for mechanical life and safety. Several measures had been given, of which the alternation of the natural frequency is presented as an economical and efficient solution. The ultimate goal is to maintain operational safety while respecting reduced fuel consumption.

Reducing Fuel Usage and Co2 Emissions from Tug Boat Fleets: Sea Trials and Theoretical Modelling

2012 ◽  
Vol 154 (A1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Theoretical Modelling ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Engine Control System ◽  
Free Running

Sea trials on a harbour tug have been conducted and are explained. The experimental results for fuel consumption per unit transport effort, under free-running (transiting) conditions, are presented and engine speed-propulsor pitch combinations for improved fuel economy are identified. A simplified analytical approach to predict fuel consumption, including the coupled engine-propulsor-hull system, is described. This rationale is combined with experimental observations and, consequently, performance maps present the complete operating envelopes of the harbour tug under both free-running and towing conditions. This combined approach proved to be effective and can be applied to the study of other tug vessels. As a consequence of this research, the engine control system on the harbour tug was modified to permit it to operate fully within the region of best fuel economy during free-running. The results from the bollard-pull predictions provide insight for the design and operation of harbour tugs in the future.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document