THE STABILITY OF A FREELY FLOATING SHIP

2021 ◽  
Vol 159 (A1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Reference Axis ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Righting Moment ◽  
Euler’S Angles ◽  
The Way

The paper presents the problem of calculating the righting arms (GZ-curve) for a freely floating ship, longitudinally bal- anced at each heel angle. In such cases the GZ-curve is ambiguous, as it depends on the way the ship is balanced. Three cases are discussed: when the ship is balanced by rotating her around the trace of water in the midships, around a normal to the ship plane of symmetry (PS), and around a normal to the initial waterplane, fixed to the ship, identical with the curve of minimum stability. In all these cases the direction of the righting moment in space and area under the GZ-curves, which is the lowest possible, are preserved. Angular displacements (heel and trim) are the Euler's angles related to the relevant reference axis. The most important features of the GZ-curve with free trim are provided. Exemplary calculations illustrate how the way of balancing affects the GZ-curves.

The Stability of a Freely Floating Ship

2017 ◽  
Vol Vol 159 (A1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Pawłowski
Keyword(s):  
Reference Axis ◽  
Relevant Reference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Angular Displacements ◽  
Righting Moment ◽  
Euler’S Angles ◽  
The Way

The paper presents the problem of calculating the righting arms (GZ-curve) for a freely floating ship, longitudinally bal-anced at each heel angle. In such cases the GZ-curve is ambiguous, as it depends on the way the ship is balanced. Three cases are discussed: when the ship is balanced by rotating her around the trace of water in the midships, around a normal to the ship plane of symmetry (PS), and around a normal to the initial waterplane, fixed to the ship, identical with the curve of minimum stability. In all these cases the direction of the righting moment in space and area under the GZ-curves, which is the lowest possible, are preserved. Angular displacements (heel and trim) are the Euler's angles related to the relevant reference axis. The most important features of the GZ-curve with free trim are provided. Exemplary calculations illustrate how the way of balancing affects the GZ-curves.

Papacy, Crusade, and Christian-Muslim Relations

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Trade Agreements ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Peace Movements ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way ◽  
At Home

This book examines the role of the papacy and the crusade in the religious life of the late twelfth through late thirteenth centuries and beyond. Throughout the book, the contributors ask several important questions. Was Innocent III more theologian than lawyer-pope and how did his personal experience of earlier crusade campaigns inform his own vigorous promotion of the crusades? How did the outlook and policy of Honorius III differ from that of Innocent III in crucial areas including the promotion of multiple crusades (including the Fifth Crusade and the crusade of William of Montferrat) and how were both pope’s mindsets manifested in writings associated with them? What kind of men did Honorius III and Innocent III select to promote their plans for reform and crusade? How did the laity make their own mark on the crusade through participation in the peace movements which were so crucial to the stability in Europe essential for enabling crusaders to fulfill their vows abroad and through joining in the liturgical processions and prayers deemed essential for divine favor at home and abroad? Further essays explore the commemoration of crusade campaigns through the deliberate construction of physical and literary paths of remembrance. Yet while the enemy was often constructed in a deliberately polarizing fashion, did confessional differences really determine the way in which Latin crusaders and their descendants interacted with the Muslim world or did a more pragmatic position of ‘rough tolerance’ shape mundane activities including trade agreements and treaties?

On the causes of electoral volatility in Asia since 1948

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110468
Author(s):  
Don S Lee ◽  
Fernando Casal Bertoa
Keyword(s):  
Party Systems ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Essential Condition ◽  
Additional Finding ◽  
Healthy Functioning ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Detrimental Impact ◽  
Historical Legacies ◽  
The Way

Electoral stability has been viewed as an essential condition for the healthy functioning of representative democracy. However, there is little agreement in the literature about what shapes the stability of the electorate in general nor much attention paid to that of the Asian electorates in particular. We propose historical legacies, uniquely testable in Asia, as central determinants, but also test for conventional factors examined in other regions. By analyzing more than 150 elections in 19 post-WWII Asian democracies, we find that certain types of authoritarian (military or personalist) and colonial (non-British) legacies have a detrimental impact on the stabilization of the electorate, while some of the findings from other regions apply also to Asia. Our additional finding that such effects of historical legacies, particularly authoritarian interludes, are attenuated and cease to be significant with sufficient maturation of democracy, has important implications for the way party systems develop and democracies consolidate.

scholarly journals Een geconstrueerd denken

1970 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 269-292
Author(s):  
Rajesh Heynickx
Keyword(s):  
Main Argument ◽  
Cultural Project ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

In this article it is demonstrated that an analysis of how building metaphorswere used in the Flemish Catholic discourse of the interwar years can offermore insight into the way a community of believers tries to establish a culturalcohesiveness. The main argument is that in a period of deep transformations,building metaphors could become "instruments" for Catholics whowanted to defend and promote a traditional dimension of their religion.Building metaphors allowed Catholics to stress the stability of their own ideology(the fundaments) and to formulate their own cultural project (buildingplan). By analysing such strategic use of building metaphors in artistic andphilosophical discourses, it can become possible to shed more light on the roleneo-thomism, a main philosophical current in interwar Flanders, played inartistic debates and more specific in discussions on the modernisation of religiousart.

The Characteristics of Certain Resisting Surfaces and Screws

1916 ◽  
Vol 20 (77) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
G. H. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
General Idea ◽  
General Character ◽  
Lateral Stability ◽  
Wind Gusts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way

In the stability investigations which the late Captain Ferber published in the Revue d'Artillerie, the sustaining and other surfaces of an aeroplane were in certain cases taken to be represented, for dynamical purposes, by a system of three plane resisting laminæ fixed mutually at right angles. Unfortunately, however, such a system cannot in general be made equivalent to a collection of surfaces, such as those of an aeroplane, with the result that Captain Ferber's investigation failed to give the correct conditions of lateral stability. At the same time, Ferber's system of three orthogonal planes is so convenient, especially for forming a general idea of the effects of wind gusts on an aeroplane, that it is desirable to investigate conditions and limitations under which such a representation is valid. The desirability of a further investigation of the forces and couples acting on a system of resisting surfaces of a general character was foreshadowed in “Stability in Aviation,” and a more detailed discussion of the problem has now become necessary in order to prepare the way for further studies in the rigid dynamics of the motions of aeroplanes or of systems resembling them.

scholarly journals Antibubbles and fine cylindrical sheets of air

2015 ◽  
Vol 779 ◽  
pp. 87-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Beilharz ◽  
A. Guyon ◽  
E. Q. Li ◽  
M.-J. Thoraval ◽  
S. T. Thoroddsen
Keyword(s):  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Stability Theory ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Viscous Drops ◽  
Pool Surface ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
Air Layers ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Air Film ◽  
The Way

Drops impacting at low velocities onto a pool surface can stretch out thin hemispherical sheets of air between the drop and the pool. These air sheets can remain intact until they reach submicron thicknesses, at which point they rupture to form a myriad of microbubbles. By impacting a higher-viscosity drop onto a lower-viscosity pool, we have explored new geometries of such air films. In this way we are able to maintain stable air layers which can wrap around the entire drop to form repeatable antibubbles, i.e. spherical air layers bounded by inner and outer liquid masses. Furthermore, for the most viscous drops they enter the pool trailing a viscous thread reaching all the way to the pinch-off nozzle. The air sheet can also wrap around this thread and remain stable over an extended period of time to form a cylindrical air sheet. We study the parameter regime where these structures appear and their subsequent breakup. The stability of these thin cylindrical air sheets is inconsistent with inviscid stability theory, suggesting stabilization by lubrication forces within the submicron air layer. We use interferometry to measure the air-layer thickness versus depth along the cylindrical air sheet and around the drop. The air film is thickest above the equator of the drop, but thinner below the drop and up along the air cylinder. Based on microbubble volumes, the thickness of the cylindrical air layer becomes less than 100 nm before it ruptures.

scholarly journals Cosmological bounce in Horndeski theory and beyond

2018 ◽  
Vol 191 ◽  
pp. 07013 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kolevatov ◽  
S. Mironov ◽  
V. Rubakov ◽  
N. Sukhov ◽  
V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
General Relativity ◽  
Scalar Field ◽  
Massless Scalar ◽  
Massless Scalar Field ◽  
Cosmological Solutions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way

We discuss the stability of the classical bouncing solutions in the general Horndeski theory and beyond Horndeski theory. We restate the no-go theorem, showing that in the general Horndeski theory there are no spatially flat non-singular cosmological solutions which are stable during entire evolution. We show the way to evade the no-go in beyond Horndeski theory and give two specific examples of bouncing solutions, whose asymptotic past and future or both are described by General Relativity (GR) with a conventional massless scalar field. Both solutions are free of any pathologies at all times.

scholarly journals With Age Comes Wisdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375-1380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell A. Worthy ◽  
Marissa A. Gorlick ◽  
Jennifer L. Pacheco ◽  
David M. Schnyer ◽  
W. Todd Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Fundamental Difference ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Independent Task ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way

In two experiments, younger and older adults performed decision-making tasks in which reward values available were either independent of or dependent on the previous sequence of choices made. The choice-independent task involved learning and exploiting the options that gave the highest rewards on each trial. In this task, the stability of the expected reward for each option was not influenced by the previous choices participants made. The choice-dependent task involved learning how each choice influenced future rewards for two options and making the best decisions based on that knowledge. Younger adults performed better when rewards were independent of choice, whereas older adults performed better when rewards were dependent on choice. These findings suggest a fundamental difference in the way in which younger adults and older adults approach decision-making situations. We discuss the results in the context of prominent decision-making theories and offer possible explanations based on neurobiological and behavioral changes associated with aging.

scholarly journals Improving the Behavior of an Electro-Optic Modulator by Controlling Its Temperature

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Thanh Bui ◽  
Lam Duy Nguyen ◽  
Bernard Journet
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Digital System ◽  
Small Power ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Electro Optic Modulator ◽  
The Way

The purpose of this paper is to present the improvement of the stability of an electro-optic modulator obtained from its temperature control. A digital system based on PSOC microcontroller and a small power amplifier has been developed. The behavior of the modulator can be observed by the way of its nonlinear properties. Thanks to the improved thermal stability, it is possible to reduce significantly the drift of the electro-optic modulator.

CORRUPTION AND BIG BUSINESS: THE REALITIES OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 53-58
Author(s):  
Yaroslav Teleshun
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Bank Deposits ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Way

This paper examines the problem of large capital influence on public policy. The main sources of corruption in modern societies are considered: clientelism and rent-seeking. It was identified and analyzed the problem of clientelism in developed democracy and in States with unstable institutional environment, including Ukraine. Clientelism involves such relationships, which are based on a mutually beneficial services exchange between persons of different status and power, the client is usually provided with protection in exchange for his loyalty and political support. The stability of client-patrimonial connections is profitable for both socially unequal sides: for patron, for them these links are the mechanisms of their influence, and for the clientage - a form of protection. In turn, the economic rent is received by advocacy groups through a monopoly on scarce resources or through access to an administrative resource (the ability of the government, local authorities to create artificial shortages, licensing mechanisms, import tariffs regulation, tax rate regulation, open bidding with "special" conditions, etc.). The problem of the rentier formation and functioning, both in developed democracies and in States with unstable institutional environment, in particular in Ukraine, is analyzed. The first approach, under the "rentier", is understood by persons who live on the basis of rent, that is, income derived from capital, usually in the form of bank deposits, securities, revenues from real estate, land, business, copyright, etc. According to this definition, there is no clear distribution between the rentier and the entrepreneur. The second approach, understands not the sources of income of individuals, but the way of their lives. At that, this way of life absolutely contrasts with the way of life of an entrepreneur. The main threats to society in connection with the functioning of clients and rent-seeking groups in societies like the Ukrainian one are identified.

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