scholarly journals jackpot rollover and lottery regressivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Sukhun Lee ◽  
Ki C Han ◽  
David Suk ◽  
Hyunmo Sung
Keyword(s):  
New Jersey ◽  
Household Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Consumer Spending ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Cash Inflow ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Jackpot Size

have found the lottery to be a regressive form of taxation that varies by game and whose regressivity declines at higher jackpot size.  This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the effect of consumer spending on lottery regressivity during the Mega Millions rollover sequence and reports the following findings.  First, regressivity among six games examined in the paper varies by game and is inversely related to the prize/jackpot size of the game.  Second, an increase in the jackpot size reduces the regressivity for the Mega Millions game, but not for the other five games.  Third, the impact of household income distribution on lottery sales varies by game, and in the case of Mega Millions, by jackpot size as well.  We did not find a significant difference in the demand for the Mega Millions game between below middle-income households and high-income households.  However, the demand by middle and upper-middle income households is significantly higher than the demand by high-income households, especially at a higher jackpot size.  Lastly, as the jackpot size grows over $100 million and higher, a large cash inflow from states with no Mega Millions flows into the New Jersey lottery market.  The majority of the additional cash inflow is spent on the Mega Millions game and there does not appear to be a significant spillover to other New Jersey lottery games.         

scholarly journals Capital account opening and economic growth——an empirical test based on systematic GMM

2021 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 01019
Author(s):  
Siming Jia
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
High Income ◽  
Capital Account ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
National Differences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This paper collected panel data of 74 countries from 1990 to 2017, and based on the Chinn-It index to depict the degree of capital account opening. Under the framework of the neoclassical economic growth model, the impact of capital account opening on economic growth was empirically tested by systematic GMM. The results show that: first, taking the overall capital account openness as the explanatory variable, the coefficient of the capital account openness of the whole sample is significantly positive. Further, considering the national differences found that high income countries capital account openness coefficient is significantly positive, but in low and middle-income countries capital account openness coefficient on economic and statistical significance were not significant, indicating that high income countries made open dividends, while in low and middle-income countries and earnings in the capital account liberalization. Finally, it proposes to open the capital account sub-projects step by step, strengthen prudent supervision in the process of further opening the capital account, and improve the regulatory legal system.

Comparative Analysis of Mobile Pain Management Applications in Developed versus Developing Countries (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Mupfururirwa ◽  
Victoria Nembaware ◽  
Jack Morrice ◽  
Khuthala Mnika ◽  
Gaston Kuzamunu Mazandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Mobile Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cochrane Review ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
App Store ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The impact of mobile phones and their applications in healthcare (mobile health) is well established for a range of diseases and cross-cutting complications, such as pain. While numerous mobile health (mHealth) pain interventions have been established, an evaluation of their prevalence, adequacy and distribution remains limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims at reviewing and comparing current pain management mHealth tools in high- versus low-income countries. METHODS A literature and application (app) store search was conducted in May 2021 using combinations of the following keywords: “pain management”, “pain”, “mobile health”, “telemedicine”, and “app”. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Review Library, and Google scholar. App store searches were conducted in Google Play and Apple App Store. Data characteristics descriptive analysis was performed using R software to summarize different datasets and compute p-values (P) for testing the significance of different hypotheses with the significance level set to 0.05. RESULTS The search identified 40 publications (literature search) and 230 mHealth applications (app store search), revealing a non uniform distribution of search categories (χ2= 133.7, P < 0.004) with a ratio approximating 1:6 (OR = 5.730, 95%CI:3.745-8.909, P < 0.004). About 86.7% of these 270 applications (apps) are from high-income countries, showing a statistically significant non uniform distribution of country categories: high- and low-income (χ2= 145.2, P < 0.004) approximating the theoretical distribution of a 7:1 ratio (OR = 6.476, 95%CI:4.180-10.222, P < 0.004). Moreover, there is no significant difference in the proportion of search categories between country categories ( χ2= 0.113, P = 0.737) and the difference in pain app prevalence in high- versus low-income countries is not statistically significant. Finally, we have observed that pain-tracking apps are significantly more prevalent in developed countries in comparison to low-income countries. CONCLUSIONS As expected, pain management app prevalence is higher in high-income countries. However, more research is required to readily comprehend the effectiveness of these apps.

scholarly journals Mental Health Orientation for Self-Help Group Members: A Feasibility Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 08 (03) ◽  
pp. 395-400
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Shrinivasa ◽  
Navaneetham Janardhana ◽  
Bergai Parthsarathy Nirmala
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
After Effect ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Help Group

ABSTRACT Background: Treatment gap for mental health care in low- and middle-income (LAMI) countries is very large, and building workforce using the locally available resources is very much essential in reducing this gap. The current study is a preliminary work toward this direction. Materials and Methods: A single group pre- and post-design was considered for assessing the feasibility of Mental Health Orientation (MHO) Program for Self-Help Group members. Assessment of participants’ MHO using Orientation Towards Mental Illness (OMI) scale was undertaken at three levels: baseline assessment before the intervention, after completing 2 days orientation program, and 6 weeks later. Results: Analysis of data resulted in statistically significant mean scores in the domains of areas of causation (F[1.41, 40.7] = 21.7, P < 0.000, ηp 2 = 0.428), perception of abnormality (F[1.27, 36.8] = 15.8, P< 0.000, ηp 2 = 0.353), treatment (F[1.42, 41.3] = 34.8, P < 0.000, ηp 2 = 0.546), and after effect (F[1.36,39.4] = 26.7, P < 0.000, ηp 2 = 0.480). Although the overall mean scores of all the domains of OMI were found to be statistically significantly different, there was no significant difference in the mean scores between post and follow-up assessments on areas of causation (µd = 1.27, P = 0.440) and treatment (µd = 1.00, P = 0.156). Conclusion: Overall, the findings of our study demonstrate that brief MHO program can exert a beneficial effect on bringing about significant change in the orientation of the participants toward mental illness but need to be refreshed over time to make the impact of the program stay longer.

Demographic differences in using knowledge creation tools among faculty members

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoulaye Kaba ◽  
Chennupati K. Ramaiah
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Demographic Differences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Use Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze demographic differences in using knowledge creation tools among faculty members. It also attempts to identify the most knowledge creation tool used by the participants. The tools comprised of 13 items including data mining, metadata, classifications, expert profiling, Mashup and blogs. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through an online survey questionnaire. A total of 300 faculty members from 26 universities and colleges accredited by the UAE Ministry of High Education participated in the study. The t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) test are used to validate the stated hypotheses. Findings The study found personal knowledge management to be the most used knowledge creation tool among the faculty members, followed by authoring tools and templates. Findings of the study indicate statistically no significant difference in using knowledge creation tools with respect to gender, qualification, academic rank, teaching experience and institutional affiliation. These findings support the stated null hypotheses (H1, H3, H4, H6 and H8) and suggest that the use of knowledge creation tools is independent from these variables. However, the results showed statistically a significant age group difference, academic specialization and research experience in using knowledge creation tools. The findings reject the assumed hypotheses (H2, H5 and H7) and suggest the impact of these variables on the use of knowledge creation tools. Research limitations/implications The paper is based on the data collected through a survey questionnaire. Future studies may combine quantitative and qualitative data collection methods for the purpose of comparison and in-depth analysis. Practical implications Findings could be an important reference for knowledge management officers and knowledge intensive organizations and institutions to develop knowledge creation tools and promote usage among knowledge workers. Originality/value The paper represents one of the very few empirical studies conducted on the use of knowledge creation tools. Findings of the study may contribute to the process of knowledge creation among faculty members and also to the improvement of knowledge management in the academic environment and other knowledge organizations.

scholarly journals COVID-19, Governance, and Conflict: Emerging Impacts and Future Evidence Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân Herbert ◽  
Heather Marquette
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
High Income ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Global Nature ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This paper reviews emerging evidence of the impact of COVID-19 on governance and conflict, using a “governance and conflict first” approach in contrast to other research and synthesis on COVID-19 in the social sciences that tends to be structured through a public health lens. It largely focuses on evidence on low- and middle-income countries but also includes a number of examples from high-income countries, reflecting the global nature of the crisis. It is organised around four cross-cutting themes that have enabled the identification of emerging bodies of evidence and/or analysis: Power and legitimacy; Effectiveness, capacity, and corruption; Violence, unrest, and conflict; and Resilience, vulnerability, and risk. The paper concludes with three over-arching insights that have emerged from the research: (1) the importance of leadership; (2) resilience and what “fixing the cracks” really means; and (3) why better ways are needed to add up all the “noise” when it comes to COVID-19 and evidence.

scholarly journals Participation and Achievement in the Summer Paralympic Games: The Influence of Income, Sex, and Assistive Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11758
Author(s):  
Giulia Oggero ◽  
Louise Puli ◽  
Emma Maria Smith ◽  
Chapal Khasnabis
Keyword(s):  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Paralympic Games ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Global participation at the Paralympic Games has been steadily growing in the past 60 years. However, inequities in relation to geographic representation of Paralympians, sex representation, access to assistive technology, and medal success remain. The objectives of this research are to describe and compare trends in Paralympians’ participation and achievements in the Summer Paralympic Games by income level and sex, including in events requiring assistive products (wheelchairs, hand cycles/trikes, and prostheses). A retrospective secondary analysis of publicly available data was conducted. Participation, sex, and medal tally data were extracted from data available on the International Paralympic Committee website and archives. Data regarding income and population were collected from publicly available data available from the World Bank website. Participation in the Summer Paralympic Games differs significantly by income level (p = 0.000) with high- income countries sending, on average, more Paralympians than low- and middle-income countries. There is a significant difference between male and female participation (p = 0.00), with approximately 29% of all Paralympians being female. High-income countries demonstrate significantly higher achievement than low- and middle-income countries (p = 0.000), including in events requiring assistive products (p = 0.007). Despite growth in overall participation, low- and middle-income countries remain severely underrepresented in both participation and achievement at the Paralympic Games, especially in the events that require high quality assistive products to succeed. More equitable participation and achievement in the Paralympics may be supported by addressing the barriers for females, for people from low- and low-middle income countries, and for those without access to high quality assistive products required.

Effect of Household Income on Short-Term Outcomes Following Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor Resection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Huang ◽  
Stephen P. Miranda ◽  
Ryan Dimentberg ◽  
Kaitlyn Shultz ◽  
Scott D. McClintock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Cerebellopontine Angle ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Index Admission ◽  
P Value ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to elucidate the impact of income on short-term outcomes in a cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor resection population. Design This is a retrospective regression analysis. Setting This study was done at a single, multihospital, urban academic medical center. Participants Over 6 years (from June 7, 2013, to April 24, 2019), 277 consecutive CPA tumor cases were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Outcomes studied included readmission, emergency department evaluation, unplanned return to surgery, return to surgery after index admission, and mortality. Univariate analysis was conducted among the entire population with significance set at a p-value <0.05. The population was divided into quartiles based on median household income and univariate analysis conducted between the lowest (quartile 1 [Q1]) and highest (quartile 4 [Q4]) socioeconomic quartiles, with significance set at a p-value <0.05. Stepwise regression was conducted to determine the correlations among study variables and to identify confounding factors. Results Regression analysis of 273 patients demonstrated decreased rates of unplanned reoperation (p = 0.015) and reoperation after index admission (p = 0.035) at 30 days with higher standardized income. Logistic regression between the lowest (Q1) and highest (Q4) socioeconomic quartiles demonstrated decreased unplanned reoperation (p = 0.045) and decreasing but not significant reoperation after index admission (p = 0.15) for Q4 patients. No significant difference was observed for other metrics of morbidity and mortality. Conclusion Higher socioeconomic status is associated with decreased risk of unplanned reoperation following CPA tumor resection.

scholarly journals Impact of commercialization in rice seed production on crop productivity and household income

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
H. K. Panta
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Probit Regression ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

To assess the impact of commercial rice seed production on rice productivity and household income, a survey study was conducted in Gorkha, Lamjung and Tanahun districts of Nepal covering eight seed production groups. Analyses include probit regression and cost and returns from seed production. Results of the probit model showed that agricultural training, increase in household income, average age of household head, use of modern rice cultivars, household size, and involvement of women in agricultural decision making have significant positive effect on adoption of the modern rice seed production technology. Similarly, significant difference between non-adopters and adaptors was observed in relation to seed productivity. Study showed that yield of improved seed technologies are higher by 2 ton/ha than the traditional rice varieties and net income is around NRs 43,500 per hectare. Study also showed that the improved rice seed technologies, amount of seed applied, area planted, and fertilizer applied are highly significant variables affecting rice productivity.Journal of the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science. Vol. 33-34, 2015, page:11-18

scholarly journals Dynamic Linkages Among Energy Consumption, Environment and Health Sustainability: Evidence from the Different Income Level Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802097522
Author(s):  
Yongqi Feng ◽  
Ren Liu ◽  
Yung-ho Chiu ◽  
Tzu-Han Chang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Income Level ◽  
High Income ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Efficiency

Environment pollution was closely related to human health. The energy consumption is one of the important sources of environmental pollution in the development of economy. This paper used undesirable two-stage meta-frontier DDF (distance difference function) data envelopment analysis model to explore the impact of environment pollutants from energy consumption on the mortality of children and the aged, survival rate of 65 years old and health expenditure efficiency in 27 high income countries, 21 upper middle income countries, and 16 lower middle income countries from 2010 to 2014. High income countries had higher efficiency of energy and health than middle income countries in general. But whether in high income or middle income countries, the efficiency of non-renewable energy is higher than renewable energy. There was much room for both high income countries and middle income countries to improve renewable energy efficiency. Besides, middle income countries need to improve the efficiency of non-renewable energy and reduce pollutant emissions per unit of GDP. In terms of health efficiency, upper middle income countries performed worse than lower income countries. This phenomenon might indicate there was a U-shaped relationship between health efficiency and income level. Upper income countries should pay more attention to the environmental and health problems and cross the U-shaped turning point. The contribution of this article was to consider the heterogeneous performance of energy efficiency, environmental efficiency, and health efficiency under the influence of income level differences, and found that there might be a U-shaped relationship between health efficiency and income level.

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